The usefulness of abscess tonsillectomy followed by intraoral drainage for parapharyngeal abscess concomitant with peritonsillar abscess in the elderly

Parapharyngeal abscess (PPA) may cause life-threatening complications and peritonsillar abscess (PTA) and tonsillitis frequently precede PPA. The optimal management of PPA caused by PTA has been the subject of debate with respect to the surgical approach. We present three cases of PPA concomitant with PTA in elderly patients. In two cases, the abscesses in parapharyngeal space were drained by abscess tonsillectomy followed by intraoral incision of the tonsillar bed. On the other hand, the third case did not undergo abscess tonsillectomy because of his refusal of surgery and needed extraoral drainage after the aggravation of PPA. Based on the experience of those three cases, it was suggested that abscess tonsillectomy followed by intraoral incision of the tonsillar bed might be a useful surgical approach for the drainage of PPA concomitant with PTA, especially in elderly patients.     

硬膜下积液治疗经验总结（附27例临床分析）

目的总结不同类型硬膜下积液治疗经验。 方法对解放军总医院第六医学中心神经外科自2009年1月至2014年10月手术治疗并完整随访的27例硬膜下积液患者进行回顾性分析。根据术前影像学特征鉴别积液是否为血性，将患者分为血性硬膜下积液患者（9例）和非血性硬膜下积液患者（18例）。根据积液是否为血性选择个性化治疗方案，观察其疗法。 结果9例血性硬膜下积液患者接受钻孔外引流手术，8例积液消退，另外1例无效，之后接受硬膜下腹腔分流后治愈。非血性硬膜下积液患者中14例接受硬膜下腹腔分流，12例有效，2例术后出现脑积水，经脑室-腹腔分流术治愈；2例术前合并脑积水接受脑室-腹腔分流术，均有效；另外2例最初接受积液外引流，无效，之后行硬膜下腹腔分流后积液消退。 结论对于硬膜下积液患者，术前需仔细评估积液是否为血性，是否合并脑积水。血性积液采取钻孔外引流，非血性积液采取硬膜下腹腔分流，合并脑积水的积液采取脑室-腹腔分流手术方式，给予个体化治疗，可获得满意疗效。     

VAC结合游离植皮治疗儿童大面积皮肤缺损疗效观察及对患儿生活质量的影响

目的:探讨负压创面治疗技术(Vacuum assisted closure,VAC)结合游离植皮治疗儿童大面积皮肤缺损疗效及对患儿生活质量的影响。方法:选取2015年2月-2019年2月笔者医院收治的60例大面积皮肤缺损患儿作为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为干预组和对照组,每组30例。对照组采用游离植皮术治疗,干预组在对照组的基础上结合VAC治疗,以皮片成活时间、皮片成活率、换药次数及住院天数评估疗效,以长海痛尺分级法评估患儿疼痛等级,以抑郁自评量表(Self-rating depression scale,SDS)、焦虑自评量表(Self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)评估患儿心理状态,以术后不良反应发生率评估患儿预后情况,以自制生活质量表评估患儿生活质量水平。结果:干预组患儿皮片成活时间、换药次数与住院天数均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组患儿皮片成活率为93.33%高于对照组的76.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组治疗后疼痛感、SDS与SAS评分低于治疗前,且低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组患儿术后不良反应发生率为6.67%显著低于对照组23.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗前活动能力、心理健康及社交能力均低于治疗后,干预组治疗后活动能力、心理健康及社交能力均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:VAC结合游离植皮治疗儿童大面积皮肤缺损疗效显著,能有效降低患儿生理疼痛与心理焦虑,减少伤口感染等不良反应的发生,提高患儿生活质量,具有推广价值。     

三种不同引流方式对食管癌术后颈部吻合口瘘引流效果的研究

目的:探讨三种不同引流方式对食管癌术后颈部吻合口瘘的引流效果。方法:收集从2013年1月到2016年9月在我科行食管癌手术并术后发生颈部吻合口瘘患者，比较入组患者所采用的不同颈部引流方式的优劣。结果:共有83例患者纳入研究，有34例进入A组，行纱布条引流组；28例进入B组，行造瘘袋引流组；21例进入C组，行胃管负压引流组。所有入组患者一般资料和手术资料对比无明显统计学差异（P>0.05）。观察指标对比结果显示，C组患者瘘口愈合时间较其他两组时间短［（15.90±4.18）天vs（14.60±4.41）天vs（9.65±3.80）天］，住院时间较其他两组短［（18.10±4.17）天vs（16.20±3.78）天vs（12.30±3.29）天］，换药次数较其他两组少［（37.55±8.75）天vs（14.5±3.23）天vs（10.00±2.05）天］，抗生素使用时间也较其他组明显减少［（13.10±2.49）天vs（10.85±1.84）天vs（7.20±1.74）天］。结论:颈部放置负压引流有助于食管癌术后颈部吻合口瘘愈合，值得临床推广与进一步研究。     

单孔胸腔镜下肺癌术后胸腔引流时间的影响因素分析北大核心

目的:探讨单孔胸腔镜下肺癌手术术后胸腔引流时间的影响因素。方法:本研究采用回顾性分析方法,回顾我院2018年01月至2019年12月原发性肺癌患者经单孔胸腔镜手术治疗的病例199例。按照术后胸腔引流时间分为两组,Ⅰ组(术后胸腔引流时间<5天)和Ⅱ组(术后胸腔引流时间≥5天)。对于影响术后胸腔引流时间的可能因素在两组间先采用单因素分析的方法筛选,再将筛选出来的对术后胸腔引流时间可能有意义的影响因素进行二项Logistic多因素回归分析。结果:经单因素分析及二项Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示:年龄≥60岁、手术部位、肺段切除术、胸膜粘连、手术时间≥180 min、术后早期下床活动是术后胸腔引流时间的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:对于具有多个延长术后胸腔引流时间的独立影响因素的患者,应制定个体化管理方案,尽可能减少术后胸腔引流时间,减少住院天数,加快患者康复。     

中医药对淋巴管新生与回流功能的作用研究进展＊

淋巴管作为循环系统的重要组成部分之一，具有调节机体体液稳态，协助免疫监视和肠道脂质吸收等重要作用。淋巴管新生是机体生理和病理过程中维持脉管系统结构和功能正常的重要手段，淋巴管新生调控对于防治肿瘤、心血管等诸多疾病有着潜在的临床转化意义；淋巴回流功能则与关节炎症等疾病发病机制关系密切。在循环系统中，相较于中医药调控血管相关疾病的发病机制已取得很大进展，近年来对于淋巴管的研究则明显相对滞后。本文从中医药作用于淋巴管新生及回流功能角度对这一领域的研究进展作一综述，以期为临床上中医药治疗相关疾病提供新的思路与方法。     

Cardiac-type total anomalous pulmonary venous return is not benign

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the association between morphological variation and postsurgical pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis (PPVS) in patients with cardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC).MethodsThis single-center, retrospective study included 168 pediatric patients who underwent surgical repair of cardiac TAPVC from 2013 to 2019 (connection to the coronary sinus [CS], n = 136; connection directly to the right atrium [RA], n = 32). Three-dimensional computed tomography modeling and geometric analysis were performed to investigate the morphological features; their relevance to the PPVS was examined.ResultsThe connection type had no association with PPVS (CS type: 18% vs right atrial type: 19%; P = .89) but there was a higher incidence of PPVS in patients with a single PV orifice than > 1 orifice (P < .001). Confluence-to-total PV area ratio (hazard ratio, 4.78, 95% CI, 1.86-12.32; P = .001) and length of drainage route (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14-1.31; P < .001) had a 4- and 1-fold increase in the risk for PPVS in the CS type after adjustment for age and preoperative pulmonary venous obstruction. In the right atrial type, those with anomalous PV return to the RA roof were more likely to develop PPVS than to the posterior wall of the RA (P < .001).ConclusionsThe number of inter-junction PV orifice correlated with PPVS development in cardiac TAPVC. The confluence-to-total PV ratio, length of drainage route, and anomalous PV return to the RA roof are important predictors for PPVS. Morphological subcategorization in this clinical setting can potentially assist in surgical decision-making.     

Lingual lymph nodes: Anatomy,clinical considerations,and oncological significance

Lingual lymph nodes are an inconstant group of in-transit nodes, which are located on the route of lymph drainage from the tongue mucosa to the regional nodes in neck levels I and II. There is growing academic data on the metastatic spread of oral cancer, particularly regarding the spreading of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma to lingual nodes. These nodes are not currently included in diagnostic and treatment protocols for oral tongue cancer. Combined information on surgical anatomy, clinical observations, means of detection, and prognostic value is presented. Anatomically obtained incidence of lingual nodes ranges from 8.6% to 30.2%. Incidence of lingual lymph node metastasis ranges from 1.3% to 17.1%. It is clear that lymph nodes that bear intervening tissues from the floor of the mouth should be removed to improve loco-regional control. Extended resection volume, which is required for the surgical treatment of lingual node metastasis, cannot be implied to every tongue cancer patient. As these lesions significantly influence prognosis, special efforts of their detection must be made. Reasonably, every tongue cancer patient must be investigated for the existence of lingual lymph node metastasis. Lymphographic tracing methods, which are currently implied for sentinel lymph node biopsies, may improve the detection of lingual lymph nodes.     

敷料更换的不同次数对穿刺引流术后穿刺口感染的影响

目的 研究敷料更换的不同次数对穿刺引流术后穿刺口感染的影响.方法 随机将该院2013年6月—2014年7月收治的100位进行穿刺引流术的患者分为两组,50例为A组,50例为B组. 为A组患者1周更换1次敷料,B组患者1周更换2次敷料. 对两组患者穿刺口感染的情况进行分析比较. 结果 A组患者穿刺口感染的几率显著低于B组(P<0.05),A组患者的病原菌定植率显著低于B组(P<0.05),两组患者导管相关性血流感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 穿刺引流术后的患者1周更换1次敷料比较合理,既能降低患者术后穿刺口感染的几率,又能降低医护人员的工作量,但要注意在敷料发生松动或者潮湿时也要及时进行更换.