蒙医温针治疗赫依偏盛型失眠症的随机对照试验

目的评价蒙医温针治疗赫依偏盛型失眠症的近期疗效及安全性。方法将80例赫依偏盛型失眠症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例。治疗组给予蒙医温针治疗,对照组采用Streitberger针进行安慰剂针刺。观察2组治疗前后失眠严重程度指数(ISI)量表评分及睡眠脑电图的变化情况。结果治疗组治疗前后ISI评分有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后睡眠总时间延长、睡眠潜伏期缩短、睡眠效率相应提高,且睡眠结构有所变化,即N1期睡眠比例减少,REM睡眠比例增多(均P<0.05)。组间比较,除N2期睡眠及N3+N4期睡眠时间无差异,其余睡眠参数差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论蒙医温针可改善赫依偏盛型失眠患者的睡眠质量,调节失眠症患者睡眠结构及睡眠进程,且安全性高。     

REM sleep behavior disorder and vocal cord paralysis in Machado-Joseph disease.

We evaluated the occurrence of REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and vocal cord abductor paralysis (VCAP) in a group of 9 Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) patients. RBD was diagnosed by clinical history plus audiovisual polysomnography in 4 men and 1 woman (55%). While dreaming, 4 fell out of the bed and the other injured his arms. Laryngoscopy detected bilateral VCAP in 1 patient with stridor who required emergency tracheotomy, and partial vocal cord abductor restriction in 2. RBD and VCAP are two potentially injurious conditions that should be considered part of the clinical spectrum of MJD.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者临床表现与上气道阻塞部位关系的探讨

目的 观察一组AHI接近的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）患者中上气道阻塞部位对多导睡眠监测（PSG）图及临床表现的影响。方法选取36例AHI为30—40的成年男性OSAS患者行再次整夜PSG，加同步上气道及食道压力监测确定上气道最低阻塞部位。比较上气道最低阻塞部位在软腭水平、舌根水平和下咽水平的不同患者中PSG相关参数：平均SaO2、最低SaO2、最长阻塞性呼吸暂停事件时间、呼吸暂停事件中SaO2下降率（dSaO2／dt）、微觉醒指数；以及部分临床表现参数：白日嗜睡程度、入睡前收缩压／清晨收缩压、入睡前舒张压／清晨舒张压以及高血压发生率。结果平均SaO2、最长阻塞性呼吸暂停事件时间和入睡前收缩压／清晨收缩压比值在3种不同上气道最低阻塞部位患者中差异无显著性（P〉0．05），但与软腭水平相比，舌根水平和下咽水平的最低Sa02降低（P〉0．05），dSaO2／dt（％／s）比值增高（P〈0．05），微觉醒指数及白日嗜睡评分增高（P〈0．01），入睡前舒张压／清晨舒张压比值降低（P〈0．05），最低SaO2〈80％的发生率增高（P〈0．01）以及高血压的发生率增高（P〈0．01）。结论AHI接近的OSAS患者上气道阻塞部位在舌根水平以下者与软腭以上水平者相比，阻塞性呼吸暂停事件的致缺氧效率和程度提高，OSAS的临床表现加重。     

230例打鼾患者多导睡眠图分析

目的　探讨多导睡眠图 (PSG)对睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (SAS)的诊断价值及睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (SAS)对睡眠结构、血氧、心血管系统的影响。方法　对 2 30例打鼾患者进行多导睡眠图监测。结果　 2 30例诊断SAS10 8例 (46 9% ) ,单纯鼾症 (SS) 12 2例 ,SAS与SS组两组相比在睡眠结构、呼吸紊乱、血氧、心血管系统变化等差异有显著性。结论　PSG是诊断SAS、判定病情程度、指导治疗的一种良好方法     

睡眠呼吸障碍与心律失常的临床探讨

目的探讨呼吸障碍患者低通气时出现心律失常的发生情况，及不同类型的睡眠障碍诱发心律失常的临床特点。方法654例患者在多导睡眠图（PSG）监测的同时，观察心电图的动态变化，并对睡眠呼吸障碍时发生心律失常的临床特点进行分析。结果睡眠障碍组发生心律失常的情况显著增加，在OSAS类型睡眠障碍时尤为显著。结论睡眠呼吸暂停越严重，心律失常的发生率越高；此时是否有必要单纯应用抗心律失常药物需要临床研究进一步探讨。     

夜磨牙患者的多导睡眠监测研究

目的:研究夜磨牙(sleepbruxism,SB)患者与正常人睡眠状况的不同,磨牙症状在不同睡眠阶段的分布,以及磨牙症状与患者睡眠姿势的关系。方法:对实验组6名夜磨牙患者,对照组8名正常人,都进行一整夜的多导睡眠监测。结果:1.与对照组比,夜磨牙患者快速动眼睡眠期(Rapideyemovement,REM)时间较长,其睡眠百分比较高,通过t检验二者间差异有显著性;2.SB患者磨牙症状散在的发生于各个睡眠阶段;3.患者中有2名右侧尖牙磨损较重者,睡眠时以左侧卧位为主;3名左侧尖牙磨损较重的,睡眠时以右侧卧位为主;1名前后牙磨损均较重者,以仰卧睡眠姿势为主;对照组4名以双侧卧位睡眠为主,2名以单侧卧位睡眠为主,2名仰卧位睡眠为主,未发现左右侧、前后牙齿磨损的不均衡。结论:1.SB患者组的快速动眼睡眠期睡眠时间明显长于对照组;2.磨牙症状散在的发生于各个睡眠阶段;3.磨牙与睡眠姿势有一定关系。     

Oxidative stress and sleep apnoea in clinically healthy infants in the first year of life

Summary Question of the study   Respiratory instability as well as tissue damage by free radicals (oxidative stress) have been hypothesized to play a role in cases of sudden and unexpected infant death in the first year of life. The ratio of the oxidized/reduced form of redox compounds in the circulation could be used as a marker of oxidative stress. Therefore, the sleep apnoea rate and redox status of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) (percentage of the oxidized form in total CoQ10) were measured in a population of clinically healthy infants in their first year of life in order to study whether a physiological parameter of respiratory instability is related to a biochemical parameter of oxidative stress. Patients and methods   Between May and December 1999, 323 infants in the first year of life were referred to a paediatric sleep laboratory. Sleep apnoea rate, periodic breathing and parameters of oxygenation (SaO₂ and TcPO₂) were calculated based on polysomnographic recordings. The CoQ10 redox status was calculated based on high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis. Results   Statistical analysis showed an age-dependent decrease in apnoea rate ( r = – 0.38) and CoQ10 redox status ( r = – 0.40). An increased CoQ10 redox status (median: 16.6 %; range: 7.3 – 29.7 %) was found in infants with high apnoea rates above the 90^th percentile of a reference group in comparison with infants with apnoea rates below the 90^th percentile of a reference group (median: 10.4 %; range: 5.1 – 20.4 %; P = 0.031). Conclusions   These findings may indicate that high apnoea rates are accompanied by increased formation of free radicals in clinically healthy infants in the first year of life.     

过渡性气道内正压通气治疗睡眠呼吸暂停综合征

目的 观察睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）患者应用经鼻气道正压通气（nCPAP)治疗的依从性。方法 25例OSAS患者和8例肥胖性低通气综合征（OHS）患者,在多导睡眠监测仪（PSG）监测下使用nCPAP治疗,对治疗开始不能耐受或治疗失败者,改用经鼻双水平正压通气（nBiPAP)。经1周或1个月治疗后,逐渐过渡到nCPAP。结果 （1）OHS组有较高的BMI、PaCO2,较低的FEV1、FEV1／FVC、PaO2与OSAS组比有明显差异性,P＜0．01,但两组AHI差异不明显。（2）33例患者均用nCPAP治疗,24例成功,9例（2例OSAS和7例OHS）失败改用nBiPAP治疗。两种方法治疗前后各指标比较有显著性差异（P＜0．01,P＜0．01）,组间无差异。9例治疗失败改用nBiPAP治疗后再过渡到nCPAP治疗的各项指标比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05,P＞0．05）。结论 nCPAP是治疗OSAS的一种有效方法,如果睡眠呼吸障碍并存在低通气或严重的高碳酸血症时,nBiPAP治疗可能是一种有效并易耐受的过渡方法,患者依从性良好。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征腭咽成形术前后多导睡眠图的变化

为评价悬雍垂腭咽成形成术 (UPPP)在治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (OSAS)中的意义 ,我们通过多导睡眠图记录仪观察了 13例OSAS患者在接受UPPP前后多导睡眠图的变化。结果显示 :13例患者中 9例有效 ,有效率为 6 9%。提示并非所有接受UPPP的OSAS患者均有效 ,UPPP仅能作为OSAS治疗的方法     

Predictive value of specific risk factors, symptoms and signs, in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnoea and its severity

SUMMARY  A positive diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is based on a combination of characteristic symptoms and polysomnographic findings. The present study evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of several risk factors, signs and symptoms in predicting an Apnoea Index in 86 patients referred to the sleep laboratory with suspected OSA. All 86 subjects completed a detailed questionnaire, were interviewed, underwent a brief physical examination, and then a whole-night polysomnographic study. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that self reporting on apnoeas, neck circumference index (NCI), age, and a tendency to fall asleep unintentionally, were all significant positive predictors of apnoea index (AI), explaining 41.8% of the variability. The sensitivity of the model for predicting OSA (taking OSA as AI>10) was 92.2%, specificity was 18.2% and the positive predictive value was 76.6%. Raising the cut-off AI values resulted in decreased sensitivity and increased specificity. Applying the predicting equation of AI to another group of 50 patients referred to the sleep laboratory with suspected OSA revealed similar results. However, running the equation on 105 offspring of OSA patients who did not complain of OSA-associated symptoms resulted in 32% sensitivity and 94% specificity in predicting OSA. It is concluded that questionnaires, interviews and physical examination, can only vaguely predict AI, and cannot replace polysomnographic recordings. However, the low rates of false negative in predicting AI > 10, and the low rates of false positive in predicting AI > 50, can be used for specific purposes.