Effects of the frequency of ostomy management reinforcement education on self-care knowledge,self-efficacy,and ability of stoma appliance change among Korean hospitalised ostomates

Patients who undergo stoma surgery experience difficulties in adapting physically and psychologically. The priority is to support them in learning self-care for successful rehabilitation and psychosocial adaption to a new life. In order to do this, it is important to provide ostomates with repetitive reinforcement education on self-care in a continuous and individual manner, not just to increase knowledge or perform related skills. This study aims to evaluate the effects of ostomy management reinforcement education (OMRE) in ostomates and to identify the optimal frequency of reinforcement education using an equivalent control group post-test design. Participants were 60 ostomates admitted to a university hospital after ostomy formation surgery, and they were randomly assigned to a control and two experimental groups of this study. The OMRE was given to the control group (n = 20), experimental group 1 (n = 20), and experimental group 2 (n = 20) once, twice, and three times, respectively. Participants' self-care knowledge, self-efficacy, and ability of stoma appliance change were evaluated before and after the OMRE. Major results of this study were as follows: the self-care knowledge score of post-test was higher than the pretest in the control, experimental 1, and experimental two groups (P < 0.001). The self-efficacy score of post-test was higher than the pretest in the control, experimental 1, and experimental 2 groups (P < 0.001). The self-care knowledge score according to the frequency of OMRE did not differ among the control, experimental 1, and experimental 2 groups (F = 1.921, P = 0.156). The self-efficacy score according to the frequency of OMRE was significantly different between the control and experimental groups (F = 8.616, P = 0.001), but there was no difference between the experimental 1 and experimental 2 groups (Scheffe's post-hoc analysis: a < b, c). The ability of stoma appliance change score according to the frequency of OMRE was significantly different between the control and experimental groups (F = 49.546, P < 0.001), but there was no difference between the experimental 1 and experimental 2 groups (Scheffe's post-hoc analysis: a < b, c). Results of this study suggested that the OMRE was effective for promoting hospitalised ostomates' self-care knowledge, self-efficacy, and ability of stoma appliance change, and two sessions of the OMRE was the most effective. Findings of this study may be useful in planning education programmes designed to improve self-care ability for hospitalised ostomates.     

减重代谢手术远期并发症预防及处理

近年来，我国减重代谢手术发展迅速且术式不断改进。但术后并发症却并未因此减少，每一种新术式均会带来新的问题，新的减重中心的成立均可能带来新的考验。随着我国减重代谢手术术后随访时间的延长，一些远期并发症开始逐渐出现。减重代谢外科医生应更加重视术后并发症的预防，而只有对发展中遇到的问题进行分析解决才能有效预防术后并发症的发生。     

三种不同引流方式对食管癌术后颈部吻合口瘘引流效果的研究

目的:探讨三种不同引流方式对食管癌术后颈部吻合口瘘的引流效果。方法:收集从2013年1月到2016年9月在我科行食管癌手术并术后发生颈部吻合口瘘患者，比较入组患者所采用的不同颈部引流方式的优劣。结果:共有83例患者纳入研究，有34例进入A组，行纱布条引流组；28例进入B组，行造瘘袋引流组；21例进入C组，行胃管负压引流组。所有入组患者一般资料和手术资料对比无明显统计学差异（P>0.05）。观察指标对比结果显示，C组患者瘘口愈合时间较其他两组时间短［（15.90±4.18）天vs（14.60±4.41）天vs（9.65±3.80）天］，住院时间较其他两组短［（18.10±4.17）天vs（16.20±3.78）天vs（12.30±3.29）天］，换药次数较其他两组少［（37.55±8.75）天vs（14.5±3.23）天vs（10.00±2.05）天］，抗生素使用时间也较其他组明显减少［（13.10±2.49）天vs（10.85±1.84）天vs（7.20±1.74）天］。结论:颈部放置负压引流有助于食管癌术后颈部吻合口瘘愈合，值得临床推广与进一步研究。     

Cardiac arrest caused by accidental severe hypothermia and myocardial infarction during general anesthesia

Therapeutic hypothermia is often used for traumatic brain injury because of its neuroprotective effect and decreased secondary brain injury. However, this procedure lacks clinical evidence supporting its efficacy, and adverse outcomes have been reported during general anesthesia. A 61-year-old man with a history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was admitted with traumatic brain injury. Immediately after admission, he underwent mild therapeutic hypothermia with a target temperature of 33.0°C for neuroprotection. During general anesthesia for emergency surgery because he developed a mass effect, hypothermic cardiac arrest occurred following an additional decrease in the core body temperature. Moreover, myocardial infarction caused by restenosis of the previous PCI lesion also contributed to the cardiac arrest. Although the patient recovered spontaneous circulation after an hour-long cardiopulmonary resuscitation with rewarming, he eventually died of subsequent repetitive cardiac arrests. When anesthetizing patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia, caution is required to prevent adverse outcomes that can be caused by unintentional severe hypothermia and exacerbation of underlying heart disease.     

基于超声征象建立股浅动脉支架再狭窄的风险预测评分模型

目的建立综合、有效的股浅动脉支架再狭窄风险预测模型,在术前预测支架再狭窄的可能,为手术方案的选择提供指导意见。方法回顾性纳入2016年1月至2018年1月在首都医科大学宣武医院接受股浅动脉支架治疗的患者328例(共381条患肢)作为建模队列。以超声作为评价手段,依据多因素Logistic回归分析筛选支架再狭窄的独立危险因素,按其权重赋值,建立支架再狭窄风险预测评分模型。以受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线验证模型的区分度,并根据其最佳界值将评分模型分为支架再狭窄低危组和高危组。结果多因素Logistic回归分析显示,8项危险因素被纳入评分系统并建立支架再狭窄风险预测模型,钙化斑块、腘动脉收缩期峰值流速<40 cm/s、膝下流出道评分≥4分、踝臂指数<0.5、女性均赋值1分,患者合并脑梗死、慢性肾病、病变总长度15.0~24.9 cm均赋值2分,病变总长度≥25.0 cm赋值3分,模型最高计12分。以数字减影血管造影(DSA)为金标准,经ROC曲线验证,提示该评分体系具有较高的预测价值[ROC曲线下面积(AUC)=0.775,95%CI=0.727~0.824,P<0.001]和拟合优度(χ²=4.921,P=0.766),一致性检验Kappa值为0.609。将评分模型进一步分为再狭窄低危组(0~5分)和再狭窄高危组(6~12分),其敏感性为68.1%,特异性为74.6%,准确性为72.7%。结论股浅动脉支架再狭窄风险预测评分模型可在术前较准确地预测再狭窄的发生,为精准制定手术方案提供理论依据。     

Ketorolac use and anastomotic leak in patients with esophageal cancer

ObjectivesRecent evidence has shown an association between postoperative ketorolac use and anastomotic leak in patients undergoing intestinal and colorectal operations, but this relationship has been minimally explored after esophagectomy. As the use of nonopioid pain control and enhanced recovery protocols is increasingly prioritized, determination of a possible correlation between perioperative ketorolac use and leak is essential.MethodsRecords of patients undergoing esophagectomy for adenocarcinoma at a single institution from 2006 to 2018 reviewed for occurrence of anastomotic leak. Institutional pharmacy records were queried for ketorolac administration during the surgical case through the time of discharge. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between ketorolac administration and anastomotic leak.ResultsA total of 1019 patients met inclusion criteria, the majority of whom were male (907, 89%) with a median age of 62 years. Patients predominantly presented with locoregionally advanced disease and were treated with initial chemoradiation. Ketorolac was administered to 686 patients (67%); use was observed to increase over the study period from 49% in 2006 to 92% in 2016. Conversely, anastomotic leak occurred in 87 patients (9%) overall and decreased over time from 15% (11/72) in 2006 to 2% (2/83) in 2018. Upon multivariable analysis, neither ketorolac administration evaluated as a categoric variable (odds ratio, 0.99; P = .958) or as a continuous variable using dose (odds ratio, 1.00; P = .843) demonstrated an association with anastomotic leak.ConclusionsKetorolac in the postoperative period after esophagectomy has become an integral component of enhanced recovery pathways and does not appear to be associated with anastomotic leak.