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1.
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of the extract of Sanchen powder (ESCP) combined with vancomycin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) planktonic cells, biofilms, and virulence factors.MethodsThe herbs in Sanchen powder (SCP) were extracted separately with 50% ethanol. Then, the content of hydroxysafflower yellow A (HSYA) and cholic acid in the extract of artificial cattle bezoar (artificial Calculus bovis) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) was measured by ultraviolet visible-vis spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The effects of ESCP combined with vancomycin on MRSA by observing its biofilm viability were assessed using a 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium5-carboxanilide reduction assay and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, enzyme activity was measured by plasma coagulase test and DNase test.ResultsThe cholic acid content of the artificial C. bovis extract was 7.34 (0.81) mg/g, and the HSYA content of the C. tinctorius extract was 9.18 (0.09) mg/g. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of ESCP and vancomycin were 25.6 mg/mL and 2 μg/mL. The minimum bactericidal concentration of ESCP was 51.2 mg/mL. ESCP combined with vancomycin could inhibit the expression of coagulase and bacteria in mature biofilms. Neither ESCP nor vancomycin had a significant effect on DNase.ConclusionThis study is the first to show that ESCP combined with vancomycin inhibits coagulase and MRSA embedded in mature biofilms and that it represents a promising treatment for MRSA infection.  相似文献   
2.
BACKGROUNDThrombocytopenia is a serious complication in the medical practice of numerous drugs. Vancomycin is frequently used for the prophylaxis and treatment of suspected or identified methicillin-resistant positive infections. Several cases with vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia (VIT) have been reported. However, these have rarely been extensively reviewed. The present report describes a case of VIT in endocarditis, and reviews all VIT cases reported in the literature.CASE SUMMARYA 26-year-old male diagnosed with infective endocarditis was admitted. The patient was treated with multiple drugs, including vancomycin, which was initially intravenously given at 1000 mg every 12 h and subsequently at 500 mg every 8 h on day 3. On day 11, the platelet count decreased to 51 × 109/L, vancomycin was switched to 500 mg every 12 h, and platelet transfusion was given. On day 17, the platelet count dropped to 27 × 109/L, and platelet transfusion was administered again. On day 23, vancomycin was adjusted to 500 mg every 8 h as the trough concentration dropped to the minimum effective concentration. On day 33, the platelet count declined to approximately 40 × 109/L. After platelet transfusion, the platelet count rebounded to 90 × 109/L on day 35 but dropped again to 42 × 109/L on day 43. Based on the time-to-platelet count curve and Naranjo’s Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale score, VIT was suspected. After vancomycin discontinuation and platelet transfusion, the platelet count gradually normalized. CONCLUSIONThe diagnosis of VIT can be achieved through the time-to-platelet count curve and Naranjo’s Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale score. The platelet count cannot be normalized simply by platelet transfusion alone, and vancomycin discontinuation is essential.  相似文献   
3.
We have evaluated the literature to review optimal dosing and monitoring of intravenous vancomycin in adults, in response to evolving understanding of targets associated with efficacy and toxicity. The area under the total concentration–time curve (0–24 h) divided by the minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC24/MIC) is the most commonly accepted index to guide vancomycin dosing for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections, with a value of 400 h a widely recommended target for efficacy. Upper limits of AUC24 exposure of around 700 (mg/L).h have been proposed, based on the hypothesis that higher exposures of vancomycin are associated with an unacceptable risk of nephrotoxicity. If AUC24/MIC targets are used, sources of variability in the assessment of both AUC24 and MIC need to be considered. Current consensus guidelines recommend measuring trough vancomycin concentrations during intermittent dosing as a surrogate for the AUC24. Trough concentrations are a misleading surrogate for AUC24 and a poor end-point in themselves. AUC24 estimation using log-linear pharmacokinetic methods based on two plasma concentrations, or Bayesian methods are superior. Alternatively, a single concentration measured during continuous infusion allows simple AUC24 estimation and dose-adjustment. All of these methods have logistical challenges which must be overcome if they are to be adopted successfully.  相似文献   
4.
目的 通过分析影响重症监护病房(ICU)患者万古霉素血药浓度的相关因素,探讨优化ICU患者万古霉素给药方案。方法 采用回顾性研究方法,收集东莞市人民医院ICU2016年1月至2018年9月使用并监测万古霉素血药浓度的出院患者。统计ICU患者万古霉素血药浓度分布情况,根据肌酐清除率(CrCl)将患者分为CrCl>90mL/min、CrCl 50~90mL/min、CrCl 10~50mL/min及CrCl<10mL/min 4组,分析不同肌酐清除率组对万古霉素血药浓度水平和达标率的影响以及比较指南推荐剂量与实际剂量的差别,并利用多重线性回归分析进一步探讨影响万古霉素血药浓度的相关因素。结果 99例ICU患者监测万古霉素血药浓度共230例次,45例次(19.57%)达到目标浓度(15~20mg/L),72例次(31.30%)未达标(<15mg/L),113例次(49.13%)超标(>20mg/L)。 CrCl 50~90mL/min和CrCl 10~50mL/min组平均血药浓度[(20.16±7.51)mg/L, (23.12±9.37)mg/L]、血药浓度超标比例(45.45%,62.79%)显著高于CrCl>90mL/min组[(14.65±9.07)mg/L, 19.15%]。CrCl>90mL/min、CrCl 50~90mL/min组实际剂量显著低于推荐剂量,而CrCl 10~50mL/min、CrCl<10mL/min组实际剂量显著高于推荐剂量。多重线性回归分析显示,给药剂量(B=11.631,95%CI=7.030~16.232,P<0.001)、肌酐清除率(B=-0.064,95%CI=-0.097~-0.032,P<0.001)、白蛋白水平(B=-0.334,95%CI= -0.634~-0.035,P=0.029)是影响ICU患者万古霉素血药浓度的主要相关因素。结论 ICU患者万古霉素血药浓度达标率较低,在优化ICU患者万古霉素给药方案时应考虑给药剂量、肌酐清除率和白蛋白水平因素的影响。  相似文献   
5.
IntroductionRecent studies have corroborated that the co-administration of vancomycin (VCM) and piperacillin/tazobactam (PT) is correlated with an increased incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, evidence directed at the Japanese population is scarce. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to compare the occurrence of AKI among Japanese patients who received VCM with PT (VP therapy) and VCM with another β-lactams (VA therapy).MethodsThe present study, performed at Tsuyama Chuo Hospital between June 2012 and December 2018, included adult patients who received VCM and β-lactam antibiotics for ≥48 h. We defined the primary outcome as the incidence of AKI based on the risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage kidney disease criteria. Patients' clinical characteristics and outcomes were reviewed and compared between the two groups with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Subgroup analysis was conducted by stratifying the patients’ baseline hospital admittance status, as intensive care unit or general wards.ResultsWe analyzed 272 patients (92 V P therapy and 180 VA therapy). Univariate analysis revealed a significant difference in AKI development between VP and VA therapy (25.0% vs 12.2%; p < 0.01). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that VP therapy and VCM initial trough levels ≥15 μg/mL were associated with an incidence of AKI. Patients at general wards, rather than those admitted at an intensive care unit, developed AKI with VP therapy (p = 0.02).ConclusionVP therapy was associated with an increased risk of AKI compared to that with VA therapy among the Japanese population.  相似文献   
6.
《中国现代医生》2020,58(34):30-34+39
目的 通过探讨肠道非急性感染期反复粪便培养金黄色葡萄球菌阳性的老年患者口服万古霉素的效果,为此类患者提供一种潜在的治疗方案。方法 前瞻性分析吉林大学第一医院干部病房2015 年9 月~2018 年12 月收治的186 例肠道非急性感染期反复粪便培养金黄色葡萄球菌阳性的老年患者。根据是否口服万古霉素治疗分为万古组和对照组。收集两组患者的一般临床资料,比较两组患者试验前后万古霉素血药浓度、血常规、降钙素原(PCT)、C 反应蛋白(CRP),试验期间粪便培养结果、体温、抗生素使用情况。结果 试验治疗期间,万古组便培养转阴率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);万古组发热率(29.75%)低于对照组的34.77%,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);万古组抗生素使用率(4.49%)低于对照组的19.23%,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。试验前两组白细胞、中性粒细胞计数、中性粒细胞比例、PCT、CRP 比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验后万古组白细胞、中性粒细胞计数、中性粒细胞比例、CRP 低于对照组,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。试验后万古组白细胞、中性粒细胞计数、中性粒细胞比例、CRP 低于试验前,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 口服万古霉素可能提高肠道非急性感染期反复粪便培养金黄色葡萄球菌阳性的老年患者粪便转阴率,减少发热及抗生素的应用,降低炎症细胞水平,可能是此类患者一种潜在的临床治疗方案。  相似文献   
7.
目的 采用HPLC法测定人脑脊液中万古霉素和去甲万古霉素的含量.方法 采用Diamonsil C18柱(150 mm ×46 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.05 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(pH3) (20∶80),流速1.0 mL· min-1,柱温30℃,检测波长236 nm,万古霉素和去甲万古霉素互为内标.结果 脑脊液中万古霉素和去甲万古霉素的线性范围分别为0.0977~97.68(r2=0.9995)、0.104~104μg·mL-1 (r2 =0.9996),检测限分别为0.0484、0.0524μg·mL-1;方法回收率分别为99.8% ~ 109.0%、99.6~107.0%,绝对回收率为95.6% ~ 100.0%、95.9% ~ 99.6%,批内、批间RSD均≤4.0%;室温下放置8h、冻融循环3次和冰冻21d的稳定性均良好.结论 所用方法简便准确,适宜于临床脑脊液中万古霉素和去甲万古霉素的分析.  相似文献   
8.
目的:比较利奈唑胺与万古霉素治疗老年人医院获得性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)肺炎的疗效和安全性。方法57例老年医院获得性MRSA肺炎患者随机分成利奈唑胺组(29例)与万古霉素组(28例),疗程结束后比较两组临床有效率、细菌学清除率及不良反应情况。结果利奈唑胺组临床有效率75.9%,万古霉素组67.9%,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。利奈唑胺组血小板减少发生率20.7%,用药前后的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);万古霉素组肾功能损害发生率14.2%。结论利奈唑胺治疗老年人医院获得性肺炎临床疗效与万古霉素相仿,但其不良反应相对轻微。  相似文献   
9.
10.
目的:探讨感染性骨缺损患者行万古霉素联合自体微小颗粒骨植骨治疗的临床疗效。方法方便选取该院2014年12月-2015年12月接收的120例感染性骨缺损患者,随机分为观察组与对照组各60例,对照组行自体微小颗粒骨植骨治疗,观察组在对照组基础上施加万古霉素治疗,对比两组治疗1周、5周、8周以及10周后的感染控制率与感染指标控制情况和两组治疗效果。结果两组经治疗1周、5周、8周以及10周后,对照组的感染控制率分别以6.7%、13.3%、23.3%、33.3%明显低于观察组的13.3%、26.7%、36.7%、50.0%(P<0.05);观察组感染相关指标明显优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组X线片积分对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论感染性骨缺损患者行万古霉素联合自体微小颗粒骨植骨治疗的效果显著,具推广价值。  相似文献   
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