Out of the boxes,out of the silos: The need of interdisciplinary collaboration to reduce poor-quality medical products in the supply chain

In this paper, we argue that understanding and addressing the problem of poor-quality medical products requires a more interdisciplinary approach than has been evident to date. While prospective studies based on rigorous standardized methodologies are the gold standard for measuring the prevalence of poor-quality medical products and understanding their distribution nationally and internationally, they should be complemented by social science research to unpack the complex set of social, economic, and governance factors that underlie these patterns. In the following sections, we discuss specific examples of prospective quality surveys and of social science studies, highlighting the value of cross-sector partnerships in driving high-quality, policy-relevant research in this area.     

Trends of self-reported non-adherence among type 2 diabetes medication users in the United States across three years using the self-reported Medication Adherence Reasons Scale

Background & aimsTo determine the trends of self-reported non-adherence rates among adults taking Type 2 medicines (T2D) medicines between 2017 and 2019 and to identify the patterns for the frequently reported reasons for non-adherence in the United States.Methods & resultsData from the National Health and Wellness Survey, a self-administered, internet-based cross-sectional survey of US adults from 2017 to 2019 was used. Non-adherence was measured using the self-reported Medication Adherence Reasons Scale (MAR-Scale). Frequencies were used to identify the reasons for non-adherence for insulin and non-insulin therapies for T2D.Data were obtained from 2983 respondents in 2017, 5416 in 2018, and 5268 in 2019. Based on the MAR-Scale, the self-reported medication non-adherence rate was 25% in 2017, 21% in 2018, and 27% in 2019. The most common reason for non-adherence across all the three years was simple forgetfulness, yet patients reported the lowest mean number of days missing medication for that reason. Though less frequently reported, non-adherence lasted longer when patient did not know how to take their medicines, cost was a reason, or had concerns about the long term effects of the medicines.ConclusionsWith no significant improvement in adherence with T2D medicines over time, regardless of better awareness and extensive diabetes education, focus should be on individualized non-adherence reasons-based interventions.     

New insights into bioelectronic medicines: A new approach to tackle diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain in clinics

Bioelectronic medicines are a newer way to treat and diagnose the diseases associated with biological systems. All vital organs of the body are innervated, commanding brain to regulate the homeostasis functions. Bioelectronic medicines rely on implications of electrical stimulations or signals associated with the nervous system for real-time treatment. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a most prevalent micro-vascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus. Complex plexus of nerves were affected in this complication with impaired function. Bioelectronic medicines are future hope for effective treatment of DPN.     

浅析药品审评审批制度改革中“两证合一”对制药企业的影响

目的通过探讨实现"药品生产许可证和药品生产质量管理规范(Good Manufacturing Practices,GMP)证书合一"(以下简称"两证合一")对制药企业的影响,提高监管效率,推动整个药品制造行业向高标准、严要求方向发展。方法从我国药品GMP认证制度的现状出发,分析制药企业"两证合一"的优劣,进一步了解和掌握在药品GMP认证过程中存在的问题。结果"两证合一"的有利影响是可以减轻企业负担、使企业能按GMP持续合规生产、加大药品检查力度、提高药品监管效率、强化监管人员队伍、完善企业自检管理体系及有利于中小企业兼并重组;不利影响是企业可能会放松对GMP的学习和管理、被收回药品GMP证书的风险增大、不能根据新的法律法规及时修订和更新企业工艺规程和操作规程。总体上是有利影响多于不利影响。结论实现"两证合一"利大于弊。     

针对目前已注册的上市中成药治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎临床研究分析＊

本研究系统分析了中成药治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎临床研究方案注册信息，以提高相关临床研究设计质量，以及为中成药上市后评价提供参考和建议。对中国临床试验注册中心网站（www.chictr.org.cn）和美国临床试验注册中心网站（clinicaltrials.gov）进行检索，以新型肺炎、COVID-19、中成药等为检索词，检索新型冠状病毒肺炎中成药相关临床研究方案。按照纳排标准筛选临床研究，并提取注册号、研究题目、研究设计及类型、干预措施等数据，采用描述性分析方法对纳入研究的注册信息进行分析。共纳入新型冠状病毒肺炎中成药相关研究方案35个，其中涉及的8种中成药是新冠肺炎诊疗方案（第七版）中所推荐使用的药物。评价的干预措施共涉及23种中成药（如血必净注射液、喜炎平注射液、连花清瘟胶囊/颗粒等）。主要疗效指标以退热时间、疾病痊愈时间/有效率等为主。结果显示：中成药治疗新冠肺炎的临床研究响应快速，目前已注册多个临床研究，包括疾病诊治、预防全过程。但也存在问题，如研究人群不明确、评价指标代表性差等，相关研究设计和实施尚有待优化，以进一步提高临床试验研究的可行性，以期为当前和后续更多的临床研究方案提供参考。     

过敏性紫癜性肾炎方药规律及中医证候分析

目的：通过对1993年1月至2019年12月CNKI、VIP、WanFang收录的中医治疗过敏性紫癜性肾炎的文献进行整理分析，探讨中医辨证论治本病的证候和方药规律。方法：采用SPSS 25.0统计软件，对文献中证候、方剂以及药物进行统计归类，总结各证候、方剂、药物出现的频次和所占比例，对药物和临床症状进行聚类分析。结果：共纳入文献93篇，通过整理分析得出39个中医证候，其中脾肾两虚、风盛血热、气不摄血、阴虚火旺、气阴两虚等为中医常见证候；证候要素分析：血热、风热、瘀血、湿热为常见实性病机；肾虚、脾虚、阴虚、气虚为常见虚性病机；病位主要在肾、脾、肺、肝四脏；共得方剂145首，其中自拟方53首，成方92首，二者以补益剂、清热剂、理血剂、祛风剂为主；中药206味，分为13类，以生地黄、牡丹皮、赤芍、当归、茯苓等为常用药。结论：过敏性紫癜性肾炎的病位在肾、脾、肺、肝；风、热、湿、毒、瘀、虚为本病的主要病机。在临床用药中以补虚药、活血药、清热解毒药、利水渗湿药为主，兼以应用祛风药；治疗中应采用中医辨证与辨病相结合的方式。     

药品化妆品抽样及检验的有关问题探讨

目的:对药品、药包材、化妆品抽样及检验工作中发现的问题进行分析研究,旨在为监管部门和检验机构提供参考,规范抽样和检验,提高监管效能和服务水平。方法:通过抽样、样品寄送、收样、检验等环节,对药品、药包材、化妆品抽样及检验工作中发现的有关问题进行分析研究,提出相应的解决措施和意见建议。结果与结论:部分药品/药包材/化妆品的抽查检验存在抽样不规范、抽样信息不完整、抽样与检查未能兼顾、样品寄送不规范、检验登记单和检验报告信息不完整或填写不规范、检验不规范、部分产品的批号效期标识不规范,以及部分品种因抽样量大导致抽样难以覆盖基层等问题,影响了监管效能。应根据药品、药包材、化妆品的产品特性和监管要求,分类设置并完善抽样及检验检测信息,并从强化人员培训、监督和检验有机结合、针对基层用药特点完善抽检工作机制、加强学习交流提高检验报告质量等方面加以解决。     

基于真实世界数据挖掘探索新型冠状病毒肺炎危重型患者的证素分布和组方规律＊

目的 基于真实世界临床数据探索新型冠状病毒肺炎危重型患者中医证素分布特点及中药组方规律。方法 系统收集2019年12月至2020年3月武汉市中西医结合医院收治住院的新型冠状病毒肺炎危重型患者的住院数据，采用专业数据收集工具建立数据库，采用IBM SPSS Modeler 14.1 Premium 软件对中医证素信息和处方用药信息进行统计分析。结果 共纳入40例患者193次的中医诊疗信息，方剂193首，中草药种类为181味；其中病位证素信息10个，前3位分别是肺（33.81%）、脾（33.09%）、肾（12.23%）；病性证素信息12个，前5位的分别是湿（24.27%）、痰（14.81%）、阴虚（14.08%）、气虚（12.86%）、阳虚（9.22%）；用药频次最多的前5位分别是甘草（60.52%）、茯苓（44.04%）、白术（33.68%）、半夏（29.02%）、厚朴（25.91%）；中草药关联分析前5名分别是茯苓—黄芪—半夏、厚朴—草果仁、厚朴—槟榔、黄芪—党参—半夏、茯苓—党参—半夏；核心处方挖掘中所获得的4个处方分别是藿香—党参—五味子—陈皮—草果仁、藿香—附子—半夏、茯苓—半夏、黄芪-干姜。结论 新型冠状病毒肺炎危重型患者的病位多位于肺、脾、肾三脏，而病性多以湿、痰、阴虚、气虚、阳虚为主，中药治疗中健脾、祛湿、化痰是治疗危重型患者的基本用药原则，医师需根据临床表现配伍益气、养阴、温阳、行气等药物。