微创治疗方法在输尿管上段结石中应用进展

输尿管上段结石为临床中常见泌尿系结石类型之一,如不能及时诊治,可引起重度积水、泌尿系感染,甚至脓毒血症,对患者肾功能、健康造成严重影响。随着微创治疗技术在泌尿系结石中应用,微创治疗方法能降低对患者造成治疗性创伤,降低相关并发症发生率,促进患者康复,了解临床中微创治疗输尿管上段结石方法,对临床中合理治疗输尿管上段结石有重要价值。     

经皮肾镜气压弹道超声碎石在肾结石中的效果

目的 B超引导经皮肾镜气压弹道超声联合碎石治疗肾结石的临床效果。方法选择2017年9月-2018年9月医院收治的肾结石患者82例,按照抽签法的要求将其平均分成对照组(41例:B超引导经皮肾镜气压弹道超声治疗)与试验组(41例:输尿管软镜治疗),分析手术时间、住院时间、出血量、结石清除率、结石的残留率。结果试验组的手术时间、住院时间、出血量。优于对照组,数据比较有差异性,P<0.05。对照组的结石清除率高于试验组、结石的残留率低于试验组,相互比较有差异性,P<0.05。结论在肾结石实际治疗期,使用输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗方式。     

Litoplastia coronaria en lesiones calcificadas: registro multicéntrico de la práctica clínica

Introduction and objectivesCoronary lithoplasty (CL) is a balloon-based technique used to treat calcified lesions. This study reports the initial experience of treatment of calcified lesions with CL in an unselected and high-risk population.MethodsThis was a prospective, multicenter registry, which included all consecutive cases with calcified coronary lesions that underwent CL between August, 2018 and August, 2019. Exclusion criteria consisted of a target lesion located in a small vessel (< 2.5 mm) and the presence of dissection prior to CL. Quantitative coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound/optical coherence tomography analysis were completed by an independent central core laboratory.ResultsThis registry included 57 patients (66 lesions). The population was elderly (72.6 ± 9.4 years) with high proportions of patients with diabetes (56%), chronic kidney disease (35%), and multivessel disease (84%). All lesions were classified as type B/C. More than 75% of lesions were predilated with noncompliant/semicompliant balloons or cutting-balloon. Rotablator was used in 5 lesions (7.6%) prelithoplasty. On average, CL required 1.17 balloons delivering a mean of 60 pulses. Successful CL was achieved in 98%. In 13% of cases, lithoplasty balloon was broken during therapy. There were few procedural complications: 2 cases of significant dissections (none related to lithoplasty balloon rupture) were successfully treated with drug-eluting stent implantation. One patient experienced stent thrombosis 2 days after successfully undergoing target lesion revascularization.ConclusionsThis is a real-world multicenter registry, which supports the feasibility, safety, and short-term efficacy of PCI for calcified coronary lesions using CL in an unselected and high-risk population with promising results.     

肝胆管结石病经皮经肝取石手术应用指南(2021版)

肝胆管结石病是我国常见的胆道疾病,病情复杂,术后结石残留率、复发率高,反复多次手术。在病程晚期可并发终末期胆病,严重影响患者的生活质量。目前经皮经肝取石手术逐渐在临床开展,但存在许多不规范之处,影响推广和普及。本指南对近年来经皮经肝取石手术做了详尽的总结,并提出治疗的推荐意见,旨在规范开展经皮经肝取石手术,为肝胆管结石微创取石提供指导和参考依据。     

Peroral cholangioscopy: Update on the state-of-the-art

Peroral cholangioscopy (POC) is an endoscopic procedure that allows direct intraductal visualization of the biliary tract. POC has emerged as a vital tool for indeterminate biliary stricture evaluation and treatment of difficult biliary stones. Over several generations of devices, POC has fulfilled additional clinical needs where other diagnostic or therapeutic modalities have been inadequate. With adverse event rates comparable to standard endoscopic retrograde cholangioscopy and unique technical attributes, the role of POC is likely to continue expand. In this frontiers article, we highlight the existing and growing clinical applications of POC as well as areas of ongoing research.     

经皮肾镜碎石术与经输尿管镜（联合封堵器）碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石的临床比较

目的比较经皮肾镜碎石术（PCNL）与经输尿管镜（联合封堵器）碎石术（URL）治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析93例输尿管上段结石患者的临床资料。根据手术方式不同将患者分为两组，A组（53例）采用PCNL治疗，B组（40例）采用URL联合封堵器治疗，比较两组患者在结石清除率、术中出血量、手术并发症发生率、住院时间及住院费用等方面的差别。结果两组患者一般资料比较均无统计学差异（均P＞0.05）。A组患者较B组结石清除率高（98.11%vs85.00%，P＜0.05），而术中出血量、住院时间、住院费用亦均高于B组（均P＜0.05）；两组患者手术并发症发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论PCNL及URL联合封堵器治疗输尿管上段结石各有优缺点；可根据医院实际情况（如器械条件）、术者习惯、患者意愿等情况选择术式。     

Percutaneous transhepatic Laser lithotripsy for intrahepatic cholelithiasis

PurposeTo report the technical success, complications and long-term outcomes of patients with intrahepatic cholelithiasis not amenable to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) who were treated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary Laser lithotripsy (PTBLL).Patients and methodsA retrospective review of 12 patients who underwent PTBLL for intrahepatic cholelithiasis was performed. There were 5 men and 7 women with a mean age of 46 ± 18 (SD) years (range: 23–75 years). PTBLL was performed when stone clearance using ERCP had previously failed or was not appropriate due to unfavourable anatomy or the presence of multiple stones or a large stone. Percutaneous biliary access into intrahepatic ducts was obtained if not already present and lithotripsy was performed using a HolmiumYAG 2100 nM Laser. Patients files were analyzed to determine the technical success, complications and long-term outcomes.ResultsEleven patients (11/12; 92%) had a history of previous hepatobiliary surgery and nine (9/12; 75%) had multiple stones confirmed on preprocedure imaging. A 100% success rate in fragmenting the target stone(s) was achieved and 11/12 patients (92%) had successful first pass extraction of target stone fragments. Two patients (2/12; 17%) required repeat lithotripsy. One patient (1/12; 8%) experienced a major complication in the form of cholangitis. Of patients with long-term follow-up, 4/10 (40%) had recurrence of intrahepatic calculi with a mean time interval of 31 months (range 3–84 months).ConclusionFor patients with intrahepatic biliary calculi not amenable to ERCP, PTBLL provides an effective and safe alternate treatment.