大黄酸对果糖诱导的高尿酸大鼠的肾脏保护作用研究

目的：研究大黄酸对果糖诱导的痛风大鼠的肾脏保护作用。方法通过果糖喂养的方法制备痛风大鼠模型，连续灌胃大黄酸6周，测定血清肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸和黄嘌呤氧化酶含量等指标。结果大黄酸降低大鼠血清肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸和黄嘌呤氧化酶含量，改善了果糖诱导的大鼠肾脏结构的变化。结论大黄酸对果糖诱导的痛风大鼠具有肾脏保护作用。     

高效液相色谱法测定通便灵胶囊中大黄酸的含量

目的 :建立 HPL C法测定通便灵胶囊中大黄酸含量的方法。方法 :采用 Shim- pack VP- ODS(15 0 mm× 4 .6mm,5 μm)色谱柱 ;流动相为甲醇 -水 (70∶ 30 ,磷酸调至 p H=3) ;柱温 :2 4 o C;流速 :1.0 ml/ min;检测波长 :4 37nm。结果 :大黄酸线性范围为 0 .132～ 2 .6 4 μg,r=0 .9991,平均回收率 =10 0 .34% ,RSD=1.2 9%。结论 :此方法可做为通便灵胶囊中大黄酸含量测定的方法 ,为制定该制剂的质量控制标准提供了依据。     

大黄酸通过抑制STAT3基因的表达调控骨肉瘤细胞的增殖和凋亡

目的:探讨大黄酸对骨肉瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及潜在的作用机制。方法:以人骨肉瘤MG-63细胞为研究对象，利用CCK-8实验检测大黄酸对MG-63细胞增殖的影响，并计算大黄酸作用48 h的半数抑制浓度（IC50），采用该浓度进行后续的实验。转染STAT3 siRNA至MG-63细胞，qRT-PCR和Western blot检测分别在mRNA和蛋白水平上检测转染效果，采用CCK-8实验、克隆形成实验、流式细胞术验证大黄酸和STAT3 siRNA及其联合作用对MG-63细胞存活率、克隆形成、凋亡能力的影响，Western blot检测各组MG-63细胞中凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、Cleaved Caspase-3的表达情况。结果:大黄酸能够呈浓度依赖性的抑制骨肉瘤MG-63细胞增殖，干预48 h的IC50为46.05 μmol/L。大黄酸或STAT3 siRNA均能降低MG-63细胞中STAT3的表达，抑制MG-63细胞存活率，阻碍细胞克隆形成能力，促进细胞凋亡，上调细胞中Bax和Cleaved Caspase-3的表达，下调Bcl-2的表达；且二者联合效果更显著。结论:大黄酸通过抑制STAT3基因表达抑制骨肉瘤细胞增殖并促进细胞凋亡。     

Potential role of ATP-binding cassette transporters in the intestinal transport of rhein

Rhein, a lipophilic anthraquinone, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities; however, it is hepatotoxic. ATP-binding cassette transporters, including P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), can pump toxicants from gut epithelial cells back into the intestinal lumen to prevent poisoning. We investigated their roles in rhein transport using a rat intestinal perfusion model and Caco-2, MDCKII-MDR1 (high expression of P-gp), MDCKII-BCRP (high expression of BCRP) and MDCKII-MRP2 (high expression of MRP2) cell models. The permeability of rhein in the duodenum significantly increased with increasing perfused concentration of rhein in the rat model, suggesting that efflux transporters were involved in rhein transport. In the Caco-2 cells, the permeability of rhein from the basolateral (B) to the apical (A) was significantly higher than that from A to B. In the presence of BCRP or MRP2 inhibitor, the permeability of rhein significantly decreased from B to A direction. In the MDCKII-BCRP cells, rhein was more permeable in B to A side than that in the opposite side. However, no significant differences of rhein permeability were observed in two directions in both MDCKII-MDR1 and MDCKII-MRP2 cells. Taken together, these results suggested that only BCRP was involved in rhein transport.     

大黄酸对大鼠肝纤维化形成的影响

目的观察大黄酸对肝纤维化形成的影响。方法采用体积分数60％的CCl4及5％的乙醇制备肝纤维化动物模型,分别用小剂量、大剂量大黄酸干预,测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)及肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量,免疫组织化学方法观察抗转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)、α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达情况,并观察肝组织胶原面积及病理变化。 结果(1)血清ALT(U/L)、HA(μg/L)、PCⅢ(μg/L)水平及肝组织中MDA(nmol/mg)含量,大黄酸大剂量组分别为78±18、217±75、16±6和1.88±0.34,模型对照组分别为150±16、321±97、31±14和3.67±0.68,两组比较t值分别为7.831、2.977、3.249和6.751,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。肝组织中SOD活性(NU/mg蛋白)大黄酸大剂量组为91.26±14.04,模型对照组为62.45±8.74(t=4.453,P<0.01)。(2)肝组织中TGFβ1、α-SMA的表达显著减少(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(3)肝组织胶原面积明显减少,纤维化程度明显改善(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论大黄酸具有保肝作用和抗肝纤维化作用,其作用机制可能与其抗炎、抗氧化作用及抑制TGFβ1的活性、抑制肝星状细胞活化有关。     

Selective phytochemicals targeting pancreatic stellate cells as new anti-fibrotic agents for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer

Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) have been widely accepted as a key precursor of excessive pancreatic fibrosis, which is a crucial hallmark of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and its formidable associated disease, pancreatic cancer (PC). Hence, anti-fibrotic therapy has been identified as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating CP and PC by targeting PSCs. Most of the anti-fibrotic agents have been limited to phase I/II clinical trials involving vitamin analogs, which are abundant in medicinal plants and have proved to be promising for clinical application. The use of phytomedicines, as new anti-fibrotic agents, has been applied to a variety of complementary and alternative approaches. The aim of this review was to present a focused update on the selective new potential anti-fibrotic agents, including curcumin, resveratrol, rhein, emodin, green tea catechin derivatives, metformin, eruberin A, and ellagic acid, in combating PSC in CP and PC models. It aimed to describe the mechanism(s) of the phytochemicals used, either alone or in combination, and the associated molecular targets. Most of them were tested in PC models with similar mechanism of actions, and curcumin was tested intensively. Future research may explore the issues of bioavailability, drug design, and nano-formulation, in order to achieve successful clinical outcomes with promising activity and tolerability.     

黄芪多糖、黄芪甲苷对大黄酸肠吸收的影响

目的研究不同浓度大黄酸在大鼠不同肠段的吸收特性以及黄芪多糖、黄芪甲苷分别对大黄酸肠吸收的影响。方法建立检测大鼠肠道灌流液中大黄酸含量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,采用在体单向肠灌流模型,通过测定肠灌流液中大黄酸的浓度,计算大黄酸的吸收速率常数(Ka)和有效渗透率(Peff),以研究其低、中、高(27.2,47.6,68.0μg·mL-1)3个浓度在大鼠不同肠段的吸收特性,并观察黄芪多糖、黄芪甲苷对大黄酸肠吸收的影响。结果大黄酸的测定方法专属性、线性关系良好,精密度、准确度、稳定性、基质效应、绝对回收率均符合相关规定。大黄酸在27.2~68.0μg·mL-1质量浓度范围内,空肠、回肠中Ka、Peff值显著高于十二指肠和结肠。与黄芪多糖配伍后,大黄酸在空肠中Ka值减小(P<0.05);与黄芪甲苷配伍后,大黄酸在十二指肠中的Ka、Peff值增大(P<0.05),在回肠中的Peff值增大(P<0.05)。结论大黄酸在空肠和回肠中的吸收效果优于十二指肠和结肠,黄芪多糖可抑制大黄酸在空肠中的吸收,黄芪甲苷可显著促进大黄酸在十二指肠、回肠中的吸收。     

大黄酸对2型糖尿病模型大鼠的保护作用

目的:研究大黄酸对2型糖尿病模型大鼠的保护作用。方法:腹腔注射链脲佐菌素联合高脂饲养以复制大鼠2型糖尿病模型。实验分为正常对照(等容生理盐水)组、模型(等容生理盐水)组、吡格列酮(10 mg/kg)组、大黄酸(100 mg/kg)组。灌胃给药,每天1次,连续8周。测定大鼠尿量(UV)、体质量(BW)、肾质量(KW)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(Fins)、肌酐(Cr)含量,尿蛋白(UPRO)、尿白蛋白(UALB)量,计算肾脏肥大指数(KW/BW)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、尿蛋白/肌酐比值(PCR)、尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(ACR)、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)。结果:与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠UV、BW、KW、TG、TC、FPG、FINS、Cr、UPRO、UALB量增加,KW/BW、HOMA-IR、PCR、ACR、Ccr升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与模型组比较,大黄酸组大鼠KW、TG、TC、FPG、Fins、UPRO、UALB、Cr量减少,KW/BW、Ccr升高,HOMA-IR、PCR、ACR降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:大黄酸具有降低2型糖尿病模型大鼠尿蛋白排泄的作用,其机制可能与改善胰岛素抵抗有关。     

顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定新药大黄酸中有机溶剂及溶剂杂质的残留量

目的建立顶空毛细管气相色谱法,测定中药一类新药大黄酸原料中三氯甲烷及其溶剂杂质二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷与四氯化碳的残留量。方法采用5%苯基甲基聚硅氧烷毛细管柱(HP-530m×0.32mm,0.25μm),40℃恒温,柱压为88kPa;载气为N2;进样口温度200℃;检测器(ECD)温度300℃;顶空进样;进样量为1mL;分流比为9∶1;0.05mol·L-1的NaOH水溶液为溶解介质。结果在以上色谱条件下,测得各组分在所考察的浓度范围内具有良好线性,r为0.9994~0.9997;平均回收率为90.4%~102.5%;精密度RSD均小于10%;三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷与四氯化碳的最低检出浓度分别为3.0、24.0、7.5和0.2μg·L-1。结论本法快速、灵敏、准确,适用于大黄酸原料中有机溶剂残留量的测定。     

大黄酸及其衍生物的生物活性研究进展

大黄酸是中药大黄的主要成分之一,临床可用于治疗骨关节炎、糖尿病肾病等疾病,并且具有协同抗肿瘤的作用.本文综述了大黄酸在抗炎、抗肿瘤等方面的药理活性及作用机制,并讨论了其母核取代的衍生物、氧杂蒽醌的类似物和酯衍生物的生物活性.