Posterior hemivertebra resection and monosegmental fusion in the treatment of congenital scoliosis

INTRODUCTION

Posterior hemivertebra resection combined with multisegmental or bisegmental fusion has been applied successfully for congenital scoliosis. However, there are several immature bones and their growth can be influenced by long segmental fusion in congenital patients. Posterior hemivertebra resection and monosegmental fusion was therefore suggested for treatment of congenital scoliosis caused by hemivertebra.

METHODS

Between June 2001 and June 2010, 60 congenital scoliosis patients (aged 2–18 years) who underwent posterior hemivertebra resection and monosegmental fusion were enrolled in our study. A standing anteroposterior x-ray of the whole spine was obtained preoperatively, postoperatively and at the last follow-up appointment to analyse the Cobb angle in the coronal and sagittal planes as well as the trunk shift.

RESULTS

The mean preoperative coronal plane Cobb angle was 41.6º. This was corrected to 5.1º postoperatively and 5.3º at the last follow-up visit (correction 87.3%). The compensatory cranial curve was improved from 18.1º preoperatively to 7.1º postoperatively and 6.5º at the last follow-up visit while the compensatory caudal curve was improved from 21.5º to 6.1º after surgery and 5.6º at the last follow-up visit. The mean sagittal plane Cobb angle was 23.3º before surgery, 7.3º after surgery and 6.8º at the last follow-up visit (correction 70.1%). The trunk shift of 18.5mm was improved to 15.2mm.

CONCLUSIONS

Posterior hemivertebra resection and monosegmental fusion seems to be an effective approach for treatment of congenital scoliosis caused by hemivertebra, allowing for excellent correction in both the frontal and sagittal planes.     

螺钉F角对后路单节段固定稳定性的影响

目的　比较4组不同椎弓根螺钉置入方式对后路单节段固定生物力学稳定性的差异。方法　将24具新鲜小牛胸腰椎标本(T11~L3)分为4组,用椎体楔行切除法在L1椎体上制作严重压缩性骨折模型,用4组不同进钉角度行后路单节段椎弓根钉内固定,对固定后的标本施加频率为1.0Hz的前屈／后伸、左／右侧屈和左／右旋转疲劳载荷各3000次,经脊柱三维运动测量系统测量正常、损伤、固定和疲劳后4种状态下固定节段(T13~L1)前屈／后伸、左／右侧屈和左／右旋转运动范围,将其标准化为稳定指数后比较四组内固定方式在4种状态下6个载荷方向上稳定性的差异。结果　4组固定均能显著提高骨折模型在6个载荷方向上的稳定性(P<0.01),而且显著强于正常标本组(P<0.01),但四组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);疲劳试验后4组标本在6个载荷方向上的稳定性均小于各自疲劳试验前,但两者间无显著性差异(P>0.05),且4组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论　只要保证螺钉在椎弓根及椎体内且伤椎螺钉避开骨折区域,螺钉的F角大小不会影响单节段固定的即刻稳定性及疲劳后稳定性。     

经伤椎置钉单节段椎弓根钉治疗胸腰段骨折

目的探讨经伤椎置钉单节段椎弓根钉治疗胸腰椎骨折的适应症及临床疗效。方法 2008年7月至2010年7月,对14例胸腰椎骨折采用后路单节段伤椎椎弓根螺钉内固定、经伤椎植骨融合。经过5～29（平均16.8）个月随访,随访内容有术前后VAS疼痛评分、神经功能ASIA评分、术前、术后随访时椎体的高度、伤椎的后凸畸形,内固定物的状况。结果所有患者均得到随访,术后VAS疼痛分级平均0-1分,其中0分8人,1分6人,无需服药治疗。神经功能均恢复至正常;X线检查术后椎体高度恢复满意,术后伤椎高度恢复了96%,随访椎体高度丢失0.4mm,丢失率为1.4%。无内固定物断裂、松动、脱出,所有病例均获得骨性融合,无假关节形成。结论选择好适应证,后路单节段伤椎内固定是治疗胸腰段骨折的有效方法之一。     

Monosegmental Hepatobiliary Fibropolycystic Disease Mimicking a Mass: Report of Three Cases

Hepatobiliary fibropolycystic diseases are a unique group of entities involving the liver and biliary tract, which are caused by abnormal embryologic development of the ductal plates at various stages. We experienced strange hepatobiliary fibropolycystic diseases with a complex mass composed of malformed ducts and biliary cysts, which did not belong to, and were different from, previously known malformations. They were unique in imaging and histologic features. We herein report three cases of monosegmental hepatobiliary fibropolycystic disease mimicking a mass.     

单节段与短节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 探讨后路单节段经伤椎固定治疗脊柱胸腰段不完全爆裂骨折的可行性、安全性和疗效.方法 回顾分析2005年4月至2010年1月脊柱胸腰段不完全爆裂骨折资料共56例,其中单节段固定组28例,短节段固定组28例.比较两组患者手术时间,出血量,术前、术后视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分和伤椎后凸角等.结果 单节段固定组手术平均时间(93±20)min;平均术中出血量(184±64)ml;伤椎后凸角术前17°±10°,术后1周7°±7°,末次随访时10°±7°;VAS评分术前7.6±1.5,术后1周2.4±0.8,末次随访1.5±0.9;术后未发现相邻节段退变征象.短节段固定组手术平均时间(102±30)min;平均术中出血量(203±88)ml;伤椎后凸角术前17°±9°,术后1周7°±7°,末次随访8°±5°;VAS评分术前6.8±1.3,术后1周3.1±0.5,末次随访1.2±0.7;1例患者术后36个月随访时出现固定相邻节段的退变.两组间手术时间,出血量,术前、术后1周及末次随访时伤椎后凸角和VAS评分相比差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组术后1周及末次随访时VAS评分较术前均有明显改善,伤椎后凸角度术后1周及末次随访时较术前明显减小,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 单节段经伤椎固定治疗脊柱胸腰段不完全爆裂骨折安全、有效,但在术中出血量、手术时间、术后VAS评分改善和伤椎后凸角恢复方面与短节段固定组无显著差异.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the safety and therapeutic effects of monosegment pedicle instrumentation in treating incomplete thoracolumbar burst fracture. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 56 inpatients with incomplete thoracolumbar burst fracture ( AO classification: A3. 1 and A3.2) from April 2005 to January 2010. There were 28 cases were fixed with monosegment pedicle instrumentation (MSPI), 28 cases were fixed with short segment pedicle instrumentation (SSPI). The operative time, blood loss, visual analogue scale(VAS) and vertebral kyphotic angle(VK) before and after surgery were evaluated. Results In the group of MSPI, the mean operative time was (93 ± 20) min; the intraoperative blood loss was (184 ±64) ml; the VK angle was 17°± 10° before operation, 7°±7° at one week after operation, and 10°±7° at latest follow-up; VAS score was 7. 6 ± 1.5 before operation, 2. 4 ±0. 8at one week after operation, and 1.5 ± 0. 9 at latest follow-up; no adjacent segment degeneration was found. In the group of SSPI, the operative time was ( 102 ±30) min; the intraoperative blood loss was (203±88) ml; the VK angle was 17°±9° before operation, 7°±7° at one week after operation, and 8°±5° at latest follow-up; VAS score was 6. 8 ± 1.3 before operation, 3. 1 ± 0. 5 at one week after operation, and 1.2 ±0. 7 at latest follow-up. One case of adjacent segment degeneration was found in 36 months after operation. There were no significantly statistical differences between two groups in operative time, blood loss,VAS score and VK angle before and after surgery ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). The VAS score and VK angle at one week after surgery and latest follow-up all decreased obviously than preoperative ones in both groups( P ＜0. 05 ).Conclusions MSPI for incomplete thoracolumbar burst fracture is effective and safe. The operative blood loss, the mean operative time, the improvement of VAS score and the VK angle in group MSPI are equal to those in group SSPI.     

下腰椎单节段经椎间孔腰椎体间融合术后融合器沉降对腰椎矢状面形态的影响

目的:探讨下腰椎单节段经椎间孔椎体间融合术(transforminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF)术后融合器沉降对腰椎矢状面形态的影响。方法:回顾性分析于2015年1月～2017年1月在我院就诊的行L4/5或L5/S1单节段TLIF患者,共有114例患者纳入本研究,其中男31例,女83例,年龄57.0±11.6岁(31～74岁),随访时间29.8±4.3个月。按照手术的节段不同分为L4/5组(65例)和L5/S1组(49例);根据术后1年CT融合器沉降情况分为沉降组(沉降≥2mm,22例)和未沉降组(沉降2mm,92例)。在术前、术后3个月以及末次随访站立位全脊柱侧位X线片测量腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、局部前凸角(segmental lordosis,SL)、椎间隙高度(disc height,DH),分别通过术后3月-术前和末次随访-术后三月差值表示手术重建情况以及随访丢失情况,同时填写Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)量表和VAS疼痛评分量表评估生活质量。通过独立样本t检验比较数值变量,同时采用卡方检验对分类变量进行检验,P0.05有统计学差异。结果:L4/5组和L5/S1组术前、术后3月及末次随访时LL、SL及DH无统计学差异(P0.05),而L4/5组术后3个月随访时LL(4.8°±1.0°vs 3.2°±0.96°,P0.001)和SL(2.7°±0.5°vs-0.15°±0.79°,P0.001)重建明显优于L5/S1组,且在末次随访时的LL(-1.1±1.4 vs-1.7°±1.3°,P0.05)和SL(-0.53°±0.57°vs-0.84°±0.93°,P0.05)矫正丢失更小。此外,两组患者DH重建及随访丢失无统计学差异(P0.05)。纳入本研究患者术后1年融合器沉降发生率为19.3%,L5/S1组沉降率高于L4/5,但无统计学差异(15.4%vs 24.5%,P0.05)。沉降组年龄高于未沉降组(62.1±10.9岁vs 55.8±11.7岁,P0.05)。两组患者术前、术后3个月、末次随访及手术重建LL、SL及DH无统计学差异(P0.05),而沉降组末次随访LL(-3.5°±1.4°vs-1.1°±0.94°)、SL(-1.11°±0.89°vs-0.33°±0.71°)及DH(-0.98±1.2mm vs-0.39±0.19mm)丢失均显著高于未沉降组(P0.05)。沉降组年龄与未沉降组之间术前、术后早期及末次随访ODI、VAS腰痛和VAS腿痛无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:下腰椎L5/S1单节段TLIF术后1年融合器沉降发生率高于L4/5。融合器沉降导致SL和LL的丢失,但未明显降低患者生活质量。     

Treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurologic deficit by indirect reduction and posterior instrumentation: bisegmental stabilization with monosegmental fusion

This study retrospectively reviews 20 sequential patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurologic deficit. All patients were treated by indirect reduction, bisegmental posterior transpedicular instrumentation and monosegmental fusion. Clinical and radiological outcome was analyzed after an average follow-up of 6.4 years. Re-kyphosis of the entire segment including the cephaled disc was significant with loss of the entire postoperative correction over time. This did not influence the generally benign clinical outcome. Compared to its normal height the fused cephalad disc was reduced by 70% and the temporarily spanned caudal disc by 40%. Motion at the temporarily spanned segment could be detected in 11 patients at follow-up, with no relation to the clinical result. Posterior instrumentation of thoracolumbar burst fractures can initially reduce the segmental kyphosis completely. The loss of correction within the fractured vertebral body is small. However, disc space collapse leads to eventual complete loss of segmental reduction. Therefore, posterolateral fusion alone does not prevent disc space collapse. Nevertheless, clinical long-term results are favorable. However, if disc space collapse has to prevented, an interbody disc clearance and fusion is recommended. Received: 21 October 1998 Revised: 26 March 1999 Accepted: 12 April 1999     

脊柱胸腰段骨折后路经伤椎单节段固定与常规短节段固定的力学性能比较

目的 应用三维有限元技术构建胸腰椎骨折经伤椎单节段固定及常规短节段固定模型,研究经伤椎单节段固定的生物力学特点,论证其在胸腰椎骨折治疗中应用的可行性。方法 选取青壮年健康男性志愿者,利用CT扫描数据建立脊柱T10~L2正常模型、T12骨折模型以及经伤椎单节段固定和短节段固定模型;分析在轴向压缩、前屈、后伸、侧屈及轴向旋转下各个节段的最大位移差及内固定物的应力情况。结果 骨折模型T10~11、T11~12、T12~L1的最大位移差较正常模型在大多数加载情况时明显增大,经短节段或者经伤椎单节段固定后,该值明显减小,两种固定方式无显著差异。内固定物应力方面：在轴向压缩及前屈时,经伤椎单节段固定模型中螺钉应力明显低于短节段固定;而在后伸、侧屈及轴向旋转时,螺钉应力无明显差异。对于固定棒,轴向压缩及前屈时,两种固定方式无差异;后伸及侧屈时经伤椎节段固定应力高于短节段固定,而旋转时则恰恰相反。结论 对于胸腰段单节段不完全骨折,经伤椎单节段固定可以提供与常规短节段固定相近的生物力学稳定性,是治疗胸腰椎不完全骨折的一种良好的选择。     

Monosegmental living-donor liver transplantation for infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma

Infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma (IHHE) is a rare vascular tumor that presents before the age of 6 months. The patients with IHHE suffer from high-output congestive heart failure caused by major arteriovenous fisutulas in the liver, which leads to respiratory compromise and results in a high mortality rate despite medical treatments. A case of 4-month-old baby with liver failure caused by IHHE is reported. The baby received an urgent liver transplantation from a living donor. A monosegmental graft was used to mitigate graft-to- recipient size mismatching. The surgical procedure of monosegmental living donor liver transplantation also is discussed.     

Monosegmental fixation for the treatment of fractures of the thoracolumbar spine

Background:

A short vertebral arthrodesis has been one of the objectives of the surgical treatment of fractures of the thoracolumbar spine. We present here clinical, functional and radiographic outcome obtained after monosegmental fixation (single posterior or combined anterior and posterior) of specific types of unstable thoracolumbar fractures.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty four patients with fractures of the thoracolumbar spine submitted to monosegmental surgical treatment (Group I - 18 single posterior monosegmental fixations and Group II - 6 combined anterior and posterior fixations) were retrospectively evaluated according to clinical, radiographic and functional parameters. The indication for surgery was instability or neurological deficit. All the procedures were indicated and performed by the senior surgeon (Helton LA Defino).

Results:

The patients from group I were followed-up from 2 to 12 years (mean: 6.65±2.96). The clinical, functional and radiographic results show that a single posterior monosegmental fixation is adequate and a satisfactory procedure to be used in specific types of thoracolumbar spine fractures, The patients from group II were followed-up from 9 to 15 years (mean: 13 ± 2,09 years). On group II the results of clinical evaluation showed moderate indices of residual pain and of satisfaction with the final result. The values obtained by functional evaluation showed that 66.6% of the patients were unable to return to their previous job and presented a moderate disability index (Oswestry = 16.6) and a significant reduction of quality of life based on the SF-36 questionnaire. Radiographic evaluation showed increased kyphosis of the fixed vertebral segment during the late postoperative period, accompanied by a reduction of the height of the intervertebral disk.

Conclusion:

It is possible to stabilize the fractures which have an anterior good load-bearing capacity by a standalone posterior monosegmental fixation. However this procedure, even with an anterior support is not suitable for fracture involving the vertebral body.