100例腰骶神经根神经病的热成象研究

目的对腰骶神经根病患者的神经损伤程度与热成象体表温差的相关性进行研究。方法将１００例腰骶神经根病患者按照热成象检查结果分为正常（２３例）与异常（７７例）两组。在热成象异常组中，根据临床病变程度并结合腱反射改变进一步划分神经损伤程度为轻（３１例）、中（３３例）、重度（１３例）３组，比较３组的温差ΔＴ均值。结果热成象异常的轻、中、重３组温差ΔＴ均值分别为１．１３±０．３４，１．４６±０．５８和２．３５±１．２０（Ｆ检验Ｐ＜０．０００１）。各组间比较差异也均具有非常显著性意义。结论本研究结果提示神经损伤程度与体表温差具有相关性，即神经损伤程度愈重，患侧相应的体表温度愈低，温差越大。热成象具有对神经损伤程度进行初步定量评估的价值。     

磁刺激运动诱发电位在腰椎间盘突出所致的腰骶神经根病变中的应用研究

在35例有L5和／或S1神经根损害表现的腰椎间盘突出患者腰椎区进行磁刺激运动诱发电位（MEP）检查，测定、记录胫前肌、展肌和小趾展肌MEP的起始潜伏期（OL）。结果显示，35例中至少有一条总侧肌肉MEP异常33例（94．3％）。在L4－5椎间盘突出中，以胫前肌的MEP异常为主；在L5－S1椎间盘突出中，以小趾展肌的MEP异常为主。表明腰椎区MEP检查对腰椎间盘突出所致的腰骶神经根病变较为敏感，可为临床诊断提供可靠依据并有助于定位诊断。     

Roy-Camille腰椎、腰骶椎融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症(附14例报告)

使用Roy-Camille 腰椎、腰骶椎融合术治疗腰椎滑脱14例。采用特制的钢板,一般固定3～4个脊椎。若合并神经根刺激症状可同时作椎板切除、椎间盘摘除、侧隐窝松解术,同时进行丰富的侧后方植骨。经随访平均19个月,均获得骨性融合,无脊髓或神经根损伤等手术并发症。作者认为此手术是治疗腰椎滑脱的比较理想的方法。     

The relationship between the lumbosacral enlargement and the conus medullaris during the period of fetal development and adulthood

The spinal cord is situated within the vertebral canal by the third month of intrauterine life. The spinal cord possesses two symmetrical enlargements, which constitute the segments of the plexuses the cervical enlargement for the brachial plexus and the lumbosacral enlargement for the lumbar and sacral plexus. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the termination level of the lumbosacral enlargement (TLLE) and that of the conus medullaris (TLCM) during the period of fetal development and adulthood. We used a total of 75 cases 25 fetuses (male 16, female 9) whose crown-rump length ranged between 90–190 mm, 25 premature and full-term neonates (male 17, female 8) whose post-menstrual ages ranged between 33–55 weeks, and 25 adults (male 12, female 13) aged between 22–72 years. The dissection technique for fetuses, ultrasonography for premature and full-term newborns, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for adults were used to determine lumbosacral enlargement and TLCM. The differences between the TLCM and the termination level of the largest part of the transverse diameter of the lumbosacral enlargement were investigated. The differences between the TLLE and TLCM were found in different ratios from the period of fetal development to adulthood. Therefore, during medical treatment and surgical procedures this should be taken into account to avoid complications.     

一期前路病灶清除联合后路经S2骶髂关节螺钉内固定治疗腰骶椎感染

目的:评估一期前路病灶清除联合后路经S2骶髂关节螺钉内固定治疗腰骶椎感染的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月～2018年1月因腰骶椎感染行一期前路病灶清除联合后路经S2骶髂关节(second sacral alar-iliac,S2AI)螺钉内固定患者10例,男7例,女3例;年龄50～75岁,平均61.8±7.7岁。10例患者均系自发感染,其中3例合并糖尿病。所有患者均排除结核、布氏杆菌感染。所有患者术前完善白细胞计数、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)以及C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)等检查。术前根据细菌培养及药敏试验结果应用抗生素。术后继续使用敏感抗生素,监测白细胞计数、ESR以及CRP以指导抗生素使用。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术前腰背痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、术前腰椎JOA评分、末次随访VAS评分及JOA评分。影像学随访观察内固定及植骨融合情况。结果:10例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间165～225min,平均193.5±20.6min,术中出血量为200～450ml,平均310.0±81.0ml。手术切口一期愈合。抗生素使用时间83～97d,平均89.2±4.5d。术后3个月时所有患者白细胞计数、ESR及CRP均降至正常。随访期间未发现感染复发的患者。腰背痛VAS评分由术前6.4±1.0分降至末次随访时的1.4±1.0分(P0.05),JOA评分由术前14.4±2.8分上升至末次随访时的24.3±2.9分(P0.05)。末次随访时,所有病例内固定位置良好,植骨区融合良好。结论:一期前路病灶清除联合后路S2AI螺钉固定治疗腰骶椎感染,可获得坚强的固定和满意的疗效。     

神经刺激器定位腰骶丛阻滞在高危病人下肢手术中的应用

目的 观察外周神经刺激器定位下的腰骶丛阻滞应用于高危病人下肢手术的效果。方法 38例临床合并各种高危疾病拟行单侧下肢手术的病人，施行单侧腰骶丛神经阻滞。腰丛阻滞分腰肌间隙入路和腹股沟入路；坐骨神经阻滞为臀区入路。采用神经刺激器定位技术，刺激器电流频率1Hz，起始强度1mA，麻醉总量为1％利多卡因20ml，0．5％罗哌卡因30ml。结果 38例病人均阻滞完善，麻醉效果满意，术中生命体征平稳，血流动力学稳定。结论 神经刺激器定位技术下腰骶丛阻滞定位准确，客观指征明显，效果可靠，对患者各系统干扰小，对有严重合并症病人更为适用。     

Vascular anatomy and surgical approach in oblique lateral interbody fusion at lumbosacral transitional vertebrae

BackgroundOblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) at lumbosacral junction is typically performed on the central window between the bifurcations of iliac vessels. However, the central window of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTVs) is usually obstructed by the iliocaval venous structures. We aimed to describe the vascular anatomy and surgical approach in OLIF at LSTVs compared with those in OLIF at typical L5-S1 junction.MethodsSixty-eight consecutive patients who underwent OLIF at lumbosacral junction were included. Of these, 31 patients had LSTVs and 37 patients had typical L5-S1 junction. The position of the iliocaval junction and the configuration of the left common iliac vein were compared using the preoperative CT and MR images of the lumbar spine. The surgical approach and intraoperative vascular findings were analyzed.ResultsAlmost 70% of LSTVs had the iliocaval junction at low or very low position. Mobilization of left common iliac vein for central window was potentially difficult in almost 74% of OLIF at LSTVs while it was not required or was potentially easy in almost 80% of OLIF at typical L5-S1. Vascular injury was identified in 2 (6.5%) patients with OLIF at LSTVs and in 3 (8.1%) patients with OLIF at typical L5-S1 junction (P = 0.904).ConclusionsIn our series, OLIF at LSTVs was performed through lateral window in 93.5% of the cases. Preoperative evaluation of the iliocaval junction using CT/MR of lumbar spine was reliable and valid in the determination of OLIF approach at lumbosacral junction.