Prognostic validity of the American joint committee on cancer eighth edition staging system for well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

BackgroundThe American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) made improvements for staging pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) in its 8th Edition; however, multicenter studies were not included.MethodsWe collected multicenter datasets (n = 1,086, between 2004 and 2018) to validate the value of AJCC 8 and other coexisting staging systems through univariate and multivariate analysis for well-differentiated (G1/G2) pNETs.ResultsCompared to other coexisting staging systems, AJCC 7 only included 12 (1.1%) patients with stage III tumors. Patients with European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) stage IIB disease had a higher risk of death than patients with stage IIIA (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.376 vs. 4.322). For the modified ENETS staging system, patients with stage IIB disease had a higher risk of death than patients with stage III (HR: 6.078 vs. 5.341). According to AJCC 8, the proportions of patients with stage I, II, III, and IV were 25.7%, 40.3%, 23.6%, and 10.4%, respectively. As the stage advanced, the median survival time decreased (NA, 144.7, 100.8, 72.0 months, respectively), and the risk of death increased (HR: II = 3.145, III = 5.925, and IV = 8.762).ConclusionThese findings suggest that AJCC 8 had a more reasonable proportional distribution and the risk of death was better correlated with disease stage.     

An assessment of population-based screening guidelines versus clinical prediction rules for chlamydia and gonorrhea case finding

IntroductionMuch remains to be learned regarding the epistemology and utility of guidelines and clinical prediction rules (CPR), as well as the extent to which knowledge about risk at a population level might be pertinent to any given patient in terms of case finding accuracy. In the current paper, we offer an empirical examination that juxtaposes population-based guidelines and CPR for sexual health decision-making.Materials and methodsWe analyzed electronic medical records from asymptomatic patient visits involving tests for chlamydia or gonorrhea between 2000 and 2012 at nine publicly funded STI clinics in British Columbia to compare the case-finding accuracy for infection risk under two scenarios: (1) if the population had been screened using the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) screening guidelines for chlamydia and gonorrhea; or (2) if the population has been screened using a CPR. Performance metrics evaluated included the area under the ROC curve (AUC).ResultsIn total, 35,818 individuals met the study inclusion criteria. The overall infection rate was 3.0%. Using the PHAC guidelines, the discriminatory performance of using any versus no risk factors and counts of risk factors were: AUC = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.54–0.56 and AUC = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.63–0.66, respectively. The model used to derive the CPR demonstrated good discrimination (AUC = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.71–0.74).ConclusionsThe current paper provides empirical evidence that demonstrates that population-based guidelines may not necessarily be a perfect fit for application at the individual level. Thus, we recommend risk estimation algorithms for use in sexual health services and programs.     

Sappanone A protects mice against cisplatin-induced kidney injury

Cisplatin (CP) is an anti-cancer drug that often causes nephrotoxicity due to enhanced inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Sappanone A (SA), a homoisoflavanone isolated from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan, has been known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanism of SA on CP-induced kidney injury in mice. The results showed that treatment of SA improved CP-induced histopathalogical injury and renal dysfunction. SA also inhibited CP-induced MPO, MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β production and up-regulated the activities of SOD and GSH-PX decreased by CP. SA significantly inhibited the apoptosis rate of kidney tissues induced by CP. Furthermore, SA was found to inhibit CP-induced NF-κB activation. Treatment of SA up-regulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro, SA dose-dependently inhibited CP-induced TNF-α and IL-1β production and NF-κB activation in HK-2 cells. In conclusion, these results suggested that SA inhibited CP-induced kidney injury through activating Nrf2 and inhibiting NF-κB activation. SA was a potential therapeutic drug for treating CP-induced kidney injury.     

羌活中的香豆素类成分及其抑制脂多糖诱导的RAW 264.7细胞NO生成活性的研究

目的研究羌活Notopterygium incisum的香豆素类成分及其抗炎活性。方法采用硅胶、HPLC等柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,通过质谱、核磁共振波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构;采用脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7炎症反应模型,考察羌活中香豆素类成分对炎症反应模型一氧化氮(NO)生成的影响。结果从羌活甲醇提取物分离得到24个香豆素类化合物,分别鉴定为异欧前胡素(1)、川白芷素(2)、补骨脂素(3)、香柑内酯(4)、茵陈素(5)、欧芹酚(6)、5-去氢羌活醇(7)、环氧脱水羌活醇(8)、7″-O-甲基异羌活醇(9)、佛手柑素(10)、7-异戊烯氧基-6-甲氧基-香豆素(11)、栓翅芹烯醇(12)、羌活醇(13)、去甲呋喃羽叶芸香素(14)、异羌活醇(15)、蛇床夫内酯(16)、6-异戊烯氧基伞形花内酯(17)、紫花前胡苷元(18)、异虎耳草素(19)、紫花前胡苷(20)、前胡苷V(21)、前胡苷I(22)、印枳苷元-11-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(23)、羌活苷(24)。化合物7～10、13和15抑制LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞NO生成活性最强,最大半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))值为8.50～35.12μmol/L。结论化合物7为新的天然产物,化合物17为首次从羌活中分离得到;C-5位上具有多烯烃结构的香豆素抑制LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞NO生成活性较强。     

经肝动脉As2O3碘化油化疗栓塞 对兔肝移植瘤生长及转移的影响

目的观察As2O3与碘油联合经肝动脉化疗栓塞术后对兔VX2肝移植瘤生长及转移的作用.方法 40只家兔肝内肿瘤种植后2周,随机分为5组,经肝动脉插管分别给予不同处理,实验设生理盐水灌注组、As2O3灌注组、单纯碘油栓塞组、阿霉素碘油栓塞及As2O3碘油栓塞组,As2O3的用量为2 mg/kg.肿瘤种植后5周,测量动物体重,所有动物均处死,取出肝脏及双肺标本,测定肝脏的重量,计算肝移植瘤的体积、坏死面积,观察肝内、双肺及其他器官肿瘤转移的发生率.结果肿瘤植入后5周,各处理组动物体重均有明显的下降,肝脏重量增加,计算的肝指数各组分别为9.8±2.2、9.7±2.1、8.5±2.0、8.4±2.1、6.4±1.2;肿瘤体积分别为(35.5±7.6) cm3、(32.2±9.7) cm3、(21.2±8.5) cm3、(20.9±11.3) cm3、(11.8±4.0) cm3,栓塞治疗组与非栓塞治疗组间差异有统计学意义,As2O3碘油栓塞治疗组与其他组相比差异有统计学意义.平均坏死率各组间差异无明显的统计学意义.双肺转移结节的数目各组分别为52.4±32.2、51.8±26.3、54.8±29.2、53.5±30.7、19.6±17.0;转移结节的直径各组分别为(3.8±1.2) mm、(3.6±1.1) mm、(3.9±1.3) mm、(3.5±1.6) mm、(2.2±0.7) mm.As2O3碘油栓塞治疗组与其他各组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 As2O3与碘油联合经肝动脉栓塞治疗,可抑制肝移植瘤的生长及肺转移.     

脉络膜黑色素瘤脱色素处理后Caspase-3的免疫组化研究

目的 观察凋亡基因Caspase-3在脉络膜黑色素瘤(choroidal melanoma)中的表达及分型与细胞凋亡的关系。方法 收集20例脉络膜黑色素瘤标本，对其进行Caspase-3免疫组织化学染色，观察表达情况及染色强度。结果 Caspase-3在脉络膜黑色素瘤有较好的表达，在梭形细胞型中5例／6例呈阳性表达，在混合型中6例／8例呈阳性表达，在上皮样瘤细胞型中3例／4例呈阳性表达，在坏死型中1例／2例呈阳性表达，且在各型之间没有显著性差异(P＞0．05)。结论 凋亡在脉络膜黑色素瘤中存在；Caspase-3在脉络膜黑色素瘤的发生发展中起重要作用。     

Effects of Nephritis No.3 Recipe on Nitric Oxide,Nitric Oxide Synthase Secreted by Cultured Mesangial Cells in Rats and the Gene Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase

Objective:To explore the effect of the Nephritis No.3(N-3)recipe on nitric oxide(NO),nitric oxide synthase(NOS)secreted by cultured mesangial cells(MC)and its gene expression of the in-ducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).Methods:The drug(nephritis No.3)-containing serum was preparedwith serum pharmacological technique,and then was applied to react on mesangial cells cultured In fetalcalf serum(FCS)and cells cultured in FCS plus lipopolysaccharide.To observe the secretion of NO andNOS and the gene expression of iNOS by means of RT-PCR.Results:Under the two kinds of culture con-ditions,the content of NO and NOS in the groups with drug-containing serum were higher than thosewithout drug-containing serum(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expression of iNOS mRNA was up-regula-ted too.Conclusion:The N-3 could significantly promote the secretion of NO and NOS and the mRNA ex-pression of iNOS in rats.     

人胎盘组织液抗炎药效学研究

目的研究人胎盘组织液的主要药效作用。方法建立二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀及大鼠棉球肉芽肿的药理模型，观察人胎盘组织液对炎症模型动物的抗炎作用。结果与模型对照组相比，连续7d肌肉注射0．1mL/kg剂量的人胎盘组织液对二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀起到明显抑制作用，且差异显著（P〈0．01）；连续6d肌肉注射0．1mL／kg剂量的人胎盘组织液对大鼠棉球肉芽组织增生起到明显抑制作用，且差异显著（P〈0．01）。结论人胎盘组织液具有明显的抗炎作用。     

抗CD44单克隆抗体A3D8对人白血病细胞系HL-60细胞增殖及分化的影响

目的 探讨抗CD44单克隆抗体A3D8对HL-60细胞增殖及分化的影响，寻找急性髓系白血病(AML)治疗的新靶点。方法 以AML细胞株HL-60为模型，通过观察细胞生长、形态学、表面分化抗原、细胞周期和细胞因子表达，以及应用硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)还原实验来研究抗CD44单克隆抗体A3D8对细胞增殖及分化的影响。结果 HL-60细胞高表达CD44；A3D8以浓度和时间依赖性方式抑制HL-60细胞生长。A3D8使HL-60细胞周期阻滞在G0／G1期，CD11b、CD14表面抗原阳性率明显增高，细胞体积增大，核／浆比例减小，核染色质聚集，NBT还原实验阴性，细胞表达粒细胞集落刺激因子mRNA，呈现向单核细胞系方向分化。结论 A3D8可抑制HL-60细胞增殖，并诱导其向单核系细胞分化，CD44有可能成为AML治疗的新途径。