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1.
目的通过介绍典型国家及地区经验,阐述医保如何通过经济手段促进医疗服务质量提升,供我国大陆地区参考。方法采用文献分析法。采取主题词与分类号组合的检索方式,收集美国、英国及我国台湾地区有关医保与医疗服务质量的文献。结果美国实行基于价值支付的奖惩机制,包括医院服务价值购买计划、再入院扣费计划、医院获得性疾病扣费计划;英国实行提升基层医疗服务质量的激励机制;我国台湾地区实行结合医院评价体系的总额预付制。结论为促使我国大陆地区通过医保支付进一步推进医疗质量管理,建议建设卫生主管部门与医保部门有机融合的医疗质量考核系统,采用质量指标的多元计分方式,设计与质量联动的奖惩机制等。  相似文献   
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背景 2020年3月,上海市卫生健康委提出在基层医疗卫生机构设置发热哨点诊室,以局部应急处置与常态化疫情防控相结合的原则,应对疫情零星散发。 目的 探索并构建一套普适、规范的发热哨点诊室运行评价指标体系。 方法 2021年1—4月,采用目的性抽样法,分别从上海市中心城区、郊区、城郊结合地区选取1家发热哨点诊室,通过实地考察、对来自3家发热哨点诊室的10名工作人员进行两轮半结构化深度访谈,获得原始资料,借助ROST CM6软件整理访谈资料,采用Charmaz建构主义扎根理论的范式分析资料。采用目的抽样法,邀请熟悉发热哨点诊室运行特征的专家(发热哨点诊室管理者、高校研究人员、相关协会学者、卫生发展研究机构人员等)12名作为函询对象,于2021年5—6月采用专家函询法对其进行两轮函询,并运用层次分析法确定各级指标权重、检验各级指标逻辑一致性,最终形成发热哨点诊室运行评价指标体系。 结果 基于扎根理论构建而成的发热哨点诊室运行评价指标体系由5个一级指标、13个二级指标、29个三级指标组成。两轮专家函询问卷的有效回收率均为100.0%,专家权威系数均为0.81,Kendall's W系数分别为0.265(χ2=163.768,P<0.001)、0.320(χ2=130.323,P<0.001)。最终形成的发热哨点诊室运行评价指标体系由5个一级指标(功能和职责、诊室设置要求、人员配备、工作流程和工作规范)、13个二级指标和25个三级指标构成,5个一级指标的权重分别为0.033 7、0.056 4、0.392 6、0.377 8、0.139 5。各层级指标的一致性比率(CR值)为0.056 5、0.032 5、0.042 4(<0.100 0)。 结论 将扎根理论运用于发热哨点诊室运行评价指标体系的构建具有较强的操作性,构建的评价指标体系具有一定的科学性和应用价值。后续随着政策的迭代,可借助扎根理论对评价指标体系进行进一步补充和完善。  相似文献   
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ObjectivesTo evaluate the long-term effectiveness of an action research intervention aimed at improving hand hygiene in an intensive care unit of a public hospital in Italy.MethodsAn observational, prospective before-after study was carried out. Compliance with hand hygiene was estimated by measuring the utilization of hand hygiene products before the intervention and four years after the end of the project. Products used were the following: detergent liquid soap, antiseptic liquid soap and alcohol-based hand gel. Endpoints were quantity consumed (in grams) for each product category. Quantitative consumptions per workshift were compared.ResultsIn 2017 the median consumption of antiseptic liquid soap and alcohol-based hand gel per workshift was significantly higher than in 2012 (111.5 g vs 72.5 g, p = 0.014, and 18.0 g vs 5.0 g, p < 0.001). Odds in favour of a higher value in 2017 were 1.99:1 (CI95%: 1.19:1 to 3.73:1) for antiseptic solution, and 5.39:1 (CI95%: 3.09:1 to 13.61:1) for antiseptic gel. Covariates were not associated with consumption of products, and this made it possible to compare the measurements in the two data collections.ConclusionsResults of this study support the long-term effectiveness of the action research intervention to improve practices of hand hygiene in an intensive care setting.  相似文献   
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《Injury》2023,54(7):110767
AimThis network meta-analysis aims to compare functional outcomes and complications between conservative treatment and surgery for distal radius fractures in patients aged 60 years and over.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of conservative treatment and surgery for distal radius fractures in patients aged 60 years and over. Primary outcomes included grip strength and overall complications. Secondary outcomes included Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores, wrist range of motion and forearm rotation, and radiographic assessment. All continuous outcomes were assessed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and binary outcomes were assessed using odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to determine a hierarchy of treatments. Cluster analysis was performed for grouping treatments based on the SUCRA values of primary outcomes.ResultsFourteen RCTs were included to compare conservative treatment, volar lockedplate (VLP), K-wires fixation, and external-fixation. VLP outperformed conservative treatment for 1-year and minimum 2-year grip strength (SMD; 0.28 [0.07 to 0.48] and 0.27 [0.02 to 0.53], respectively). VLP yielded the optimal grip strength at 1-year and minimum 2-year follow-up (SUCRA; 89.8% and 86.7%, respectively). In a subgroup analysis of patients aged 60 to 80 years old, VLP outperformed conservative treatment in DASH and PRWE scores (SMD, 0.33 [0.10, 0.56] and 0.23 [0.01, 0.45], respectively). In addition, VLP had the fewest complications (SUCRA = 84.3%). Cluster analysis suggested that VLP and K-wire fixation were more effective treatment groups.ConclusionEvidence to date demonstrates that VLP provides measurable benefits in grip strength and fewer complications to those 60 years of age and over, and that benefit is not reflected in current practice guidelines. There is a subgroup of patients where K-wire fixation outcomes are similar to those of VLP; defining this subgroup may yield substantial societal benefits.  相似文献   
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目的: 基于心脏手术患者血液管理指南,分析术后出血的用药相关性,探索药学服务切入点。方法: 回顾性筛选2021年11月1日至30日于阜外华中心血管病医院儿童心脏中心行先心手术、术后24 h内出血较多需要异体输血的病例。计算机检索中英文文献数据库及常用的指南收录数据库,筛选心脏手术患者血液管理相关指南,运用AGREE Ⅱ工具评价指南质量,查询药物使用指导意见,逐个分析筛选病例术后出血的可能原因。结果: 筛选出先心术后出血病例25例。纳入5篇涉及心脏手术患者血液管理的指南,经AGREE Ⅱ工具评价,A级推荐指南1篇,B级推荐指南4篇。分析术后出血原因,发现9例术前贫血未得到纠正;22例术中未使用抗纤溶剂;23例术中使用肝素剂量>400 U·kg-1;22例术中鱼精蛋白与肝素的剂量比>1∶1。结论: 外科医师和麻醉师对先心患儿围术期的血液管理策略与指南建议不太一致,药师应进一步提高医师对指南的依从性。  相似文献   
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背景 助理全科医生培训是我国现阶段加强农村基层全科医生队伍建设的重要补充,河北省已连续开展5年助理全科医生培训工作。规范助理全科医生培训基地建设、确保培训质量,是提高我省农村基层医疗卫生服务水平的重要环节。 目的 了解2020年河北省助理全科医生培训基地评估情况,分析基地建设过程中存在的问题,并提出针对性的政策建议。 方法 于2020年7月27—31日,对河北省23家助理全科医生培训基地进行评估。主要评估依据为中国医师协会制定的《助理全科医生培训基地评估指标》,评估内容包括基本条件、培训管理、师资队伍、过程管理、质量控制、保障措施6个方面。同时,在每家基地随机抽取2~3名学员开展问卷调查,内容包括学员的一般情况、对助理全科医生培训的了解度、对助理全科医生培训的满意度、对助理全科医生执业前景的看法及农村执业意愿。 结果 23家基地中,15家(65.2%)合格,8家(34.8%)基本合格,无不合格基地。13家(56.5%)基地尚未独立设置全科医学科,11家(47.8%)基地的教学查房次数达标且落实规范,10家(43.5%)基地开展的小讲课和病例讨论次数达标且落实规范,8家(34.8%)基地2019年首次助理执业医师考试通过率≥85%,12家(52.2%)基地2019年首次助理全科医生结业考核通过率≥85%。共对50例在培学员开展问卷调查,对轮转科室设置满意者45例(90.0%)、对培训内容设置满意者45例(90.0%),对临床培训基地满意者46例(92.0%),对基层实践基地满意者43例(86.0%),对教学师资满意者47例(94.0%);认为助理全科医生执业前景较好者39例(78.0%);愿意到农村地区执业者26例(52.0%)。合格基地、基本合格基地学员的年龄、对助理全科医生培训相关政策了解度、对基层实践基地的满意度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 河北省助理全科医生培训基地的全科医学科独立设置率较低,整体培训质量欠佳,学员对基层实践基地满意度不高。助理全科医生培训基地应加强全科医学科的设置和内涵建设,加强基层实践基地建设,规范过程管理,从而提高培训质量。  相似文献   
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BackgroundThe growing enthusiasm for the use of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in the treatment of primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA) with an intact rotator cuff is based on data derived from single-center studies with limited generalizability and follow-up. This study compared patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between RSA and total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) for the treatment of primary GHOA with up to 5-year follow-up and examined temporal trends in the treatment of GHOA between 2012 and 2021.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on patients with primary GHOA undergoing primary arthroplasty surgery from the Surgical Outcomes System global registry between 2012 and 2021. PROs including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score, and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain were compared between RSA and TSA at 1, 2, and 5 years postoperatively.ResultsA total of 4451 patients were included, with 2693 (60.5%) undergoing TSA and 1758 (39.5%) undergoing RSA. Both RSA and TSA provided clinically excellent outcomes at 1 year postoperatively (ASES: 80.8 ± 17.9 vs. 85.9 ± 15.2, respectively; SANE: 74.8 ± 24.7 vs. 79.5 ± 22.9; VAS pain: 1.3 ± 2.0 vs. 1.1 ± 1.7; all P < .05) that were maintained at 2 years (ASES: 81.3 ± 19.3 vs. 87.3 ± 14.9; SANE: 74.8 ± 26.2 vs. 79.7 ± 24.7; VAS pain: 1.3 ± 2.1 vs. 1.0 ± 1.6; all P < .05) and 5 years (ASES: 81.7 ± 16.5 vs. 86.9 ± 15.3; SANE: 71.6 ± 28.5 vs. 78.2 ± 25.9; VAS pain: 1.0 ± 1.7 vs. 1.0 ± 1.7; all P < .05), with statistical significance favoring TSA. After controlling for age and sex, there was an adjusted difference of 4.5 units in the ASES score favoring TSA (P = .005) at 5 years postoperatively but no differences in adjusted SANE (P = .745) and VAS pain (P = .332) scores. The use of RSA for GHOA grew considerably over time, from representing only 17% of all replacements performed for GHOA in 2012 to nearly half (47%) in 2021 (P < .001).ConclusionRSA as a treatment for GHOA with an intact rotator cuff seems to yield PROs that are largely clinically equivalent to TSA extending to 5 years postoperatively. The observed statistical significance favoring TSA appears to be of marginal clinical benefit based on established minimal clinically important differences and may be a result of the large sample size. Further research using more granular clinical data and examining differences in range of motion and complications is warranted as it may change the value analysis.  相似文献   
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