延迟增强MRI评估基质诱导自体膝关节软骨移植术效果

目的 探讨延迟增强MRI对基质诱导自体膝关节软骨移植术的临床评估效果.方法 随机选取我院2012年1月至2014年2月期间收治的行自体膝关节软骨移植术患者45例作为实验组,另选取同期软骨损伤患者45例作为对照组,对两组患者进行MRI扫描,对扫描结果进行对比分析.结果 实验组患者术后CR值(0.92±0.08)较术前(1.33±0.15)明显降低,且随着患者病情分级的不断升高,其CR也随之增高(P＜0.05);各部位的MRI增强扫描结果明显优于平扫,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对基质诱导自体膝关节软骨移植术患者进行MRI增强扫描,能够为临床诊断提供高质量的膝关节软骨检查图像,同时通过对手术前后软骨强化率进行分析,有助于对手术效果进行有效评估.     

高密度脂蛋白胆固醇两种直接测定法试剂性能的评价

目的对比评价高密度脂蛋白胆固醇免疫分离法和化学修饰法试剂性能。方法对两种方法进行精密度、线性、干扰评价,并对二者进行相关性分析。结果两种方法精密度,线性,抗干扰都符合要求,且具有较好的相关性,免疫分离法抗干扰优于化学修饰法。结论两种测定方法皆适用于临床自动化检测。     

髋关节X线测量指标在评价脑瘫患儿髋关节半脱位中的应用

目的：探讨髋关节X线片测量指标与脑瘫患儿髋关节发育的相关性,评价其在该类疾病所致髋关节半脱位中的价值与作用。方法回顾性分析2012年5月—2014年5月在我中心检查治疗的60名脑瘫患儿骨盆平片中的120个髋关节,测量其骨结构的X线指标,包括：髋臼指数（acetabular index,AI）、股骨头偏移百分比（migrarion percentage,MP）、颈干角（neck-shaft angle,NSA）。结果 AI （21.05±3.83）°、MP （18.05±13.74）%、NSA（150.54±8.41）°。结论大部分脑瘫患儿存在髋关节骨骼发育异常,并导致髋关节半脱位改变。股骨头偏移百分比测量可以较客观地反映髋关节半脱位情况及其严重程度,具有较高的临床实用价值。     

厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片在原发性高血压治疗中的应用效果评价

目的探讨原发性高血压患者使用厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片的临床疗效。方法随机选取该院收治的140例原发性高血压患者,将其随机分为A、B两组,每组70例患者,A组使用厄贝沙坦片进行治疗,B组则使用厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片治疗,对比两组相关指标。结果 A组使用厄贝沙坦片进行治疗后收缩压为（140.3±11.7）,B组则使用厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片治疗后收缩压为（129.4±12.3）;A组使用厄贝沙坦片进行治疗后舒张压为（86.2±7.7）,B组则使用厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片治疗后舒张压为（81.1±5.3）。 A组使用厄贝沙坦片进行治疗的有效率为82.86%,B组使用厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片治疗有效率为91.43%。结论原发性高血压患者使用厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片进行治疗具有很好的治疗效果,不良反应较少,安全性高,值得广泛临床推广。     

Improved quantification of protein in vaccines containing aluminum hydroxide by simple modification of the Lowry method

Aluminum (Al) components in vaccines are known to act as adsorbents that interfere with accurate protein quantification by the Lowry method. Therefore, certain modifications based on the characteristics and compositions of the vaccine are required for determination of protein contents.We investigated the effects of an additional centrifugal separation and found that protein contents were overestimated by up to 238% without centrifugation through a collaborative study performed with hepatitis B vaccines containing Al. However, addition of a centrifugation step yielded protein concentrations that were similar to the actual values, with small coefficients of variation (CVs). Proficiency testing performed in 11 laboratories showed that four laboratories did not have satisfactory results for vaccines containing aluminum hydroxide, although all laboratories were proficient in protein analysis when samples did not contain aluminum hydroxide. Incomplete resuspension of aluminum hydroxide solution with alkaline copper solution was the major cause of insufficient proficiency in these laboratories.     

住院患者健康教育评价标准的应用研究

目的：形成完善的住院患者健康教育评价标准,对健康教育活动起到系统的监测作用。方法选取2013年7—12月1297例住院患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为研究组540例和对照组757例。对照组采用常规健康教育,研究组采用健康教育评价标准确定后的健康教育。比较两组患者健康教育评价标准结果及患者满意度。结果入院时两组患者健康知识的知晓率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),出院时研究组健康知识知晓率为93.1%,高于对照组的82.6%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=31.20,P<0.05)。出院时研究组患者满意度得分为(98.88±2.88)分,高于对照组的(95.95±6.63)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-9.26,P<0.01)。研究组患者在参与计划、寻求健康教育方式、控制疾病疼痛的方法、病情自我观察、生活自理能力、执行药物计划、选择食物、健康及功能锻炼的健康行为评价积极率分别为88.9%,92.7%,91.1%,85.1%,80.4%,83.3%,87.2%,81.1%,均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为141.6,176.8,178.3,59.3,36.5,64.6,91.4,30.2;P<0.01)。结论住院患者健康教育评价标准的形成对临床护理人员实施系统化、规范化的健康教育与提高健康教育评价有很大帮助。     

2014版ICSH血液分析仪评价指南介绍(下)

介绍了2014年国际血液学标准化委员会(ICSH)关于血液分析仪的性能评价指南。该指南从仪器的进样模式、批内精密度、批间精密度、携带污染、线性、标本稳定性、参考区间、准确性和可比性等方面对厂商提出了具体确认、评价的方法和要求,并推荐对流式细胞术和/或数字成像技术的白细胞分类计数、有核红细胞计数和未成熟粒细胞计数采用流式细胞免疫表型参考方法进行评价。每个临床实验室在仪器用于患者标本检测前,应对上述性能进行部分确认或转移。     

An evaluation of the Public Health Responsibility Deal: Informants’ experiences and views of the development,implementation and achievements of a pledge-based,public–private partnership to improve population health in England

ObjectivesThe Coalition Government's Public Health Responsibility Deal (RD) was launched in England in 2011 as a public–private partnership designed to improve public health in the areas of food, alcohol, health at work and physical activity. As part of a larger evaluation, we explored informants’ experiences and views about the RD's development, implementation and achievements.MethodsWe conducted 44 semi-structured interviews with 50 interviewees, purposively sampled from: RD partners (businesses, public sector and non-governmental organisations); individuals with formal roles in implementing the RD; and non-partners and former partners. Data were analysed thematically: NVivo (10) software was employed to manage the data.ResultsKey motivations underpinning participation were corporate social responsibility and reputational enhancement. Being a partner often involved making pledges related to work already underway or planned before joining the RD, suggesting limited ‘added value’ from the RD, although some pledge achievements (e.g., food reformulation) were described. Benefits included access to government, while drawbacks included resource implications and the risk of an ‘uneven playing field’ between partners and non-partners.ConclusionsTo ensure that voluntary agreements like the RD produce gains to public health that would not otherwise have occurred, government needs to: increase participation and compliance through incentives and sanctions, including those affecting organisational reputation; create greater visibility of voluntary agreements; and increase scrutiny and monitoring of partners’ pledge activities.     

Coordinated hospital-home care for kidney patients on hemodialysis from the perspective of nursing personnel

OBJECTIVE:

To examine, from the nursing perspective, the needs and challenges of coordinated hospital-home care for renal patients on hemodialysis.

METHODS:

A qualitative analysis was conducted with an ethnographic approach in a hemodialysis unit in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Semistructured interviews were conducted with nine nurses, selected by purposeful sampling. Structured content analysis was used.

RESULTS:

Nurses recounted the needs and challenges involved in caring for renal patients. They also identified barriers that limit coordinated patient care in the hospital and the home, mainly the work overload at the hemodialysis unit and the lack of a systematic strategy for education and lifelong guidance to patients, their families and caregivers.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study shows the importance and necessity of establishing a strategy that goes beyond conventional guidance provided to caregivers of renal patients, integrating them into the multidisciplinary group of health professionals that provide care for these patients in the hospital to establish coordinated hospital-home care that increases therapeutic adherence, treatment substitution effectiveness and patient quality of life.     

杭州市城区不同特征人群对体力活动相关建成环境的主观感知评价

目的 了解杭州市城区不同特征人群的体力活动相关建成环境主观感知情况。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法在杭州市城区抽取25~59岁常住居民开展面对面问卷调查。社区步行环境量表简版(NEWS-A)用于评价居民对社区内住宅密度、场所设施多样性、公共服务可及性、街道连通性、步行道和自行车道适宜性、美观舒适度、交通安全、治安8个建成环境维度的主观感知。采用两水平logistic回归模型分析社会人口学特征和BMI等个体因素对居民建成环境主观感知的影响。结果 共纳入1 362例常住居民,性别、婚姻状况、是否有工作与建成环境主观感知各维度得分关联均无统计学意义。调整其他因素影响后,年龄45~59岁与街道连通性感知得分呈正相关(OR=2.02,95%CI:1.30~3.15)。大专及以上文化程度与人口密度感知得分存在正相关(OR=1.97,95%CI:1.29~3.00),与场所设施多样性感知得分呈负相关(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.43~0.97)。超重肥胖与步行道/自行车道(OR=0.67,95%CI:0.48~0.95)和社区治安得分(OR=0.75,95%CI:0.57~0.99)均呈负相关。相对于Ⅰ类区域,Ⅲ类区域居民对场所设施多样性(OR=0.11,95%CI:0.04~0.30)、公共服务可及性(OR=0.33,95%CI:0.11~0.95)、街道连通性(OR=0.30,95%CI:0.11~0.86)、交通安全(OR=0.39,95%CI:0.17~0.91)的主观感知得分更低。结论 杭州市城区居民对体力活动相关的建成环境主观感知与年龄、文化程度、BMI和居住区域存在相关性,开展人群体力活动的环境干预时需要考虑个体特征。