小肠异位胰腺 1例报告及文献复习

目的探讨异位胰腺的诊治，提高对该疾病的认识以减少误诊。方法回顾性分析 1例小肠异位胰腺病人的临床表现、诊断及治疗经过，结合文献分析其组织病理分型、临床表现和治疗经验。结果病人因“突发腹痛 1d”入院。入院后在全麻下急诊行开腹探查术，于术中见“小肠表面可及一肿物，肿物穿孔可见小肠内容物溢出”。术后病理证实肿物为异位胰腺。术后恢复满意，术后第 90天随访无并发症及影像学检查异常。结论异位胰腺属于一种先天性异常，缺乏特异性诊断方法，早期多无症状，因此可保守治疗；如有症状或术中意外发现为异位胰腺组织时，可手术切除。     

BCL2 G quadruplex-binding small molecules: Current status and prospects for the development of next-generation anticancer therapeutics

B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) overexpression in a range of human tumors is often related to chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis. GC-rich regions upstream of the P1 promoter in human BCL2 can form G-quadruplex (G4) structures through the stacking of four Hoogsteen-paired guanine bases. Stabilizing the G4 fold implies the inhibition of BCL2 expression and, thus, small molecules that selectively bind to the G4 are promising anticancer candidates. In this review, we discuss the structural aspects, binding affinity, selectivity, and biological activity of well-characterized BCL2 G4 binding ligands in vitro and in vivo. We also explore future directions in the research and development of G4-based anticancer therapeutics.     

Prognostic Model and Nomogram for Estimating Survival of Small Breast Cancer: A SEER-based Analysis

BackgroundDifferent clinicopathologic characteristics could contribute to inconsistent prognoses of small breast neoplasms (T1a/T1b). This study was done to conduct a retrospective analysis and establish a clinical prediction model to predict individual survival outcomes of patients with small carcinomas of the breast.Materials and MethodsBased on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, eligible patients with small breast carcinomas were analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to clarify the indicators of overall survival. Pooling risk factors enabled nomograms to be constructed and further predicted 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival of patients with small breast cancer. The model was internally validated for discrimination and calibration.ResultsA total of 17,543 patients with small breast neoplasms diagnosed between 2013 and 2016 were enrolled. Histologic grade, lymph node stage, estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor status, and molecular subtypes of breast cancer were regarded as the risk factors of prognosis in a Cox proportional hazards model (P < .05). A nomogram was constructed to give predictive accuracy toward individual survival rate of patients with small breast neoplasms.ConclusionsThis prognostic model provided a robust and effective method to predict the prognosis of patients with small breast cancer.     

Risk factors and management of stoma-related obstruction after laparoscopic colorectal surgery with diverting ileostomy

BackgroundStoma-related obstruction (SRO) is defined as small bowel obstruction occurring around the limbs of diverting ileostomy (DI). This study was aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and management of SRO after laparoscopic colorectal surgery with DI creation.MethodsThis study included 155 patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery with DI creation for rectal cancer (n = 138), ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 14), and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) (n = 3) between 2011 and 2019. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors of SRO.ResultsThe incidence of SRO was 7.7% (n = 12), and it was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in patients with lower anterior resection or intersphincteric resection (4.3%) than in those with ileal-pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) (35.2%). The multivariate analysis revealed that IPAA was independently associated with the development of SRO (P = 0.001; odds ratio, 9.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.5–35.4). Eleven of 12 patients (92%) with SRO required trans-stomal tube decompression, and 8 of those (67%) underwent early stoma closure.ConclusionIPAA was an independent risk factor of SRO in laparoscopic colorectal surgery with DI creation. Early stoma closure was needed in most cases of SRO.     

不同组织来源的生物补片修补腹壁肌部分层次缺损的研究

目的探讨不同组织来源的生物补片体内组织重塑的差异，并提供信息供临床选择生物补片时参考。 方法选取健康SD大鼠，随机分组，每组10处缺损，建腹壁肌部分层次缺损模型并以基底膜（basement membrane，BM）/小肠黏膜下层（small intestine submucosa，SIS）复合细胞外基质补片、SIS补片、真皮补片和心包补片修补，设立未修补组为空白对照。术后2、4、8、16周评价修复区血清肿发生、皱缩率、植入降解比例，取修复区组织做组织学切片分析补片内组织长入、新生血管化、周围组织包裹情况。 结果实验期内，BM/SIS复合细胞外基质补片未发生血清肿，基本维持植入面积，术后4周再生高度有序的新生胶原替代缺损区域，术后8周补片降解。术后2周，SIS补片的血清肿发生率为65%，修复区早期大量炎性细胞浸润，再生胶原组织有序性较差，术后8周补片降解，术后16周皱缩率为－52.0%±9.8%。50%的真皮补片细胞浸润补片中央，完全降解。其余真皮补片出现纤维囊包裹，细胞仅浸润交界区，修复区显著扩张，实验期内无降解。心包补片仅少量细胞浸润交界区，无组织长入，术后16周皱缩率为－29.5%±14.0%，出现致密纤维囊包裹，实验期内无降解。 结论与SIS补片、心包补片和真皮补片相比，BM/SIS复合细胞外基质补片具备优异的组织修补和再生疗效。     

不同手术方式治疗小儿腹股沟疝临床疗效

目的比较腹腔镜手术方式、皮横纹下横行小切口术及传统开放手术治疗小儿腹股沟疝临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2019年1月，湖北省公安县人民医院住院治疗的小儿腹股沟疝396例患者的临床资料，其中行腹腔镜手术治疗124例（A组）、行皮横纹下横行小切口术134例（B组）、行传统开放手术138例（C组），比较3组患者手术效果及并发症发生情况。 结果3组患儿手术时间、术中出血量、手术切口长度以及住院时间等情况比较，差异有统计学意义（F=1021.469、3426.029、1003.086、945.457，P均<0.001）；组间两两比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。3组患儿自主活动时间、术后排气时间以及疼痛评分情况比较，差异均有统计学意义（F=2051.296、519.327、232.345，P均<0.001）；组间两两比较，差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。3组患儿术后并发症总发生率比较，差异有统计学意义（χ²=11.704，P=0.003）；A组和B组并发症发生率均显著低于C组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；而A组与B组并发症发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论相较于传统开放手术及皮横纹下横行小切口术，腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟疝具有手术时间短、创伤小，术后恢复快，安全性高等优点，值得临床上进一步推广应用。