Association of Multimodal Pain Control with Patient-Reported Outcomes in Children Undergoing Surgery

IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.     

Medición automática de la zona avascular foveal de ojos sanos en angiografía por tomografía de coherencia óptica de dominio espectral Heidelberg

PurposeTo develop and evaluate an automated method to measure the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in healthy eyes on Heidelberg Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (HS-OCTA). This method is referred to as the modified Kanno-Saitama macro (mKSM) which is an evolution of the Kanno-Saitama macro (KSM) approach.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 29 eyes of 25 healthy volunteers who underwent HS-OCTA at the macular area twice at the same time. Regardless of the quality of the images, all of them were included. Macular data on the superficial vascular plexus, intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) and deep capillary plexus were processed by mKSM. The FAZ area was measured twice automatically using the mKSM and KSM and twice manually by two independent examiners.ResultsFrom 174 images, KSM could not measure correctly 31% while mKSM could successfully measure all of them. Intrascan intraclass coefficient ranged from 0.948 to 0.993 for manual measurements and was 1 for mKSM method. Despite that the difference between human examiners is smaller than between human examiners and mKSM according to Bland-Altman plots, the scatterplots show a strong correlation between human and automatic measurements. The best results are obtained in ICP.ConclusionsWith mKSM, the automated determination of the FAZ area in HS-OCTA is feasible and less human-dependent. It solves the inability of KSM to measure the FAZ area in suboptimal quality images which are frequent in daily clinical practice. Therefore, the mKSM processing could contribute to our understanding of the three vascular plexuses.     

Three-dimensional measurement of radiographic bone–implant contact lengths of zygomatic implants in zygomatic bone: a retrospective study of 66 implants in 28 patients

Zygomatic implant treatment is widely applied for severe maxillary atrophy to help rehabilitate the maxillary dentition. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the actual radiographic bone–implant contact (rBIC) lengths of zygomatic implants. The records of 28 patients who underwent zygomatic implant surgery and subsequent follow-up examinations between August 2013 and September 2018 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital were reviewed. The surgeries were performed by a single surgeon using the same treatment protocol. All patients had a computed tomography scan at 1 year after the surgery. Using three-dimensional imaging software, an investigator measured the rBIC lengths of 66 implants and documented their clinical status. The implant survival rate was 100%. The mean rBIC length was significantly longer in male patients than in female patients (20.80 ± 5.88 mm versus 17.79 ± 6.34 mm; P = 0.028). The mean rBIC length of double zygomatic implants was significantly longer when compared to that of single implants (21.11 ± 6.23 mm versus 17.75 ± 5.85 mm; P = 0.027). This article is novel in reporting the exact rBIC lengths of zygomatic implants in a clinical setting. The results showed that zygomatic implants are a viable treatment modality for full-mouth rehabilitation.     

应用 σ度量对深圳市龙华区三家综合医院临床生化检验结果互认的评价研究

目的　探讨 σ度量在深圳市龙华区三家综合医院临床生化检验结果互认中的应用价值。方法　收集三家医院 2019年广东省临检中心常规化学，特殊蛋白前两次的室间质评（ EQA）样本，经混匀并分割成比对样本送至各评价实验室进行检测；以卫生部临检中心（ NCCL)标准和生物学变异导出的允许总误差（ TEa%）为质量规范，通过加权法计算出各项目 2019年 1～ 6月期间室内质控在控数据的不精密度，以 2018年参加卫生部室间质评（ EQA）数据作为偏倚（ bias%）来源，计算三家医院 29个检验项目的 σ度量值并进行性能评价，利用质量目标指数（ QGI)提出改善方法；将评价项目的 σ度量值与直接比对试验进行比较，通过统计分析确定 σ截断值（ cut-off）。结果　①三家医院 29个生化项目的性能并不一致，将项目中、高值的 σ值进行配对 t检验，其 t值分别为 2.28，3.01和 0.74，按 α =0.05水准判断得出医院 A与 B，医院 A与 C间的性能差异有统计学意义，医院 B与 C间的性能差异无统计学意义，医院 A项目性能要优于 B，C医院。评估的 87个项目中有 53项 σ平均值 <6，根据 QGI判断，3个项目需优先改善准确度，10个项目需同步改善准确度和精密度，另 40个项目需优先改善精密度。②对医院间项目比对通过率进行配对 χ2检验，其 χ2分别为 5.33，6.25和 2.5，按α=0.05水准判断， B与 A医院比对通过率低于 C与 A医院、 C与 B医院，差异有统计学意义； C与 A医院比对通过率跟 C与 B医院差异无统计学意义。③将 σ度量值与直接比对试验进行比较，经配对 χ2检验，当 σ cut-off值取≥ 2σ， ≥ 3σ，≥ 4σ，≥ 5σ和≥ 6σ时，其 χ2分别为 7.20，0.00，9.09，15.06和 16.06，按 χ20.05，1=3.84，α=0.05水准判断，当σcut-off值取≥ 3σ时，两种比对方法的差异无统计学意义。结论　σ度量值可以单独用于评价医院间生化检验结果的互认，在判断项目是否具有可比性时，可考虑将 σ cut-off值设为≥ 3σ。     

Measurement errors in control risk regression: A comparison of correction techniques

Control risk regression is a diffuse approach for meta-analysis about the effectiveness of a treatment, relating the measure of risk with which the outcome occurs in the treated group to that in the control group. The severity of illness is a source of between-study heterogeneity that can be difficult to measure. It can be approximated by the rate of events in the control group. Since the estimate is a surrogate for the underlying risk, it is prone to measurement error. Correction methods are necessary to provide reliable inference. This article illustrates the extent of measurement error effects under different scenarios, including departures from the classical normality assumption for the control risk distribution. The performance of different measurement error corrections is examined. Attention will be paid to likelihood-based structural methods assuming a distribution for the control risk measure and to functional methods avoiding the assumption, namely, a simulation-based method and two score function methods. Advantages and limits of the approaches are evaluated through simulation. In case of large heterogeneity, structural approaches are preferable to score methods, while score methods perform better for small heterogeneity and small sample size. The simulation-based approach has a satisfactory behavior whichever the examined scenario, with no convergence issues. The methods are applied to a meta-analysis about the association between diabetes and risk of Parkinson disease. The study intends to make researchers aware of the measurement error problem occurring in control risk regression and lead them to the use of appropriate correction techniques to prevent fallacious conclusions.     

癌症生存者家庭适应相关测量工具的研究进展

介绍家庭适应的相关概念及起源,阐述家庭适应方面常用测量工具的发展历程、内容结构、适用人群、评分方法、信度与效度、应用现状等情况,以期能够指导临床工作者在实践过程中选择合适的家庭适应测量工具,旨在帮助研究者进一步开发适用于我国癌症生存者的特异性家庭适应测量工具。     

Development of a US trust measure to assess and monitor parental confidence in the vaccine system

Objective

To develop a Vaccine Confidence Index (VCI) that is capable of detecting variations in parental confidence towards childhood immunizations centered on trust and concern issues that impact vaccine confidence.