胸腔镜手术诊治血胸的临床研究

目的：总结胸腔镜手术（video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS）诊治血胸的临床经验。方法：回顾性分析3年来VATS治疗68例血胸患者的临床资料,并与同期的18例开胸术（Thoracotomy,TH）作比较。结果：VATS组手术时间、术后胸腔引流管放置时间和住院时间均明显短于TH组,无并发症发生。结论：合理应用胸腔镜治疗血胸具有创伤小、康复快、并发症少和瘢痕小等优点,大部分血胸手术可由胸腔镜完成,是值得临床推广、安全有效的治疗方法。     

Spontaneous hemothorax associated with von Recklinghausen''s disease

Spontaneous hemothorax is a rare and life threatening complication of neurofibromatosis. Two types of vascular involvement have been described: (a) stenotic or aneurysmal alterations in large vessels such as the aorta and its branches; and (b) dysplastic features in smaller vessels. Thoracotomy and surgical ligation of the bleeding vessels is primarily indicated in the presence of active bleeding with associated hemodynamic compromise. A more conservative approach with endovascular embolization or non-operative management have also been reported in case of hemodynamic stability. We present a rare case of spontaneous hemothorax treated conservatively in a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease.     

Isolated splenic hemangioma presenting with bleeding into serous body cavities

We present two children with massive bleeding into the serous body cavities accompanied by intractable consumption coagulopathy. One had a large spleen palpable at admission, the other developed progressive splenomegaly while in hospital. Neither child had any external evidence of angiomatous lesions. A splenic hemangioma was suspected clinically and on abdominal ultrasound; the diagnosis was confirmed at laparotomy. Splenectomy resulted in a prompt cure in both cases.     

Giant Fibrous Tumor Misdiagnosed as Traumatic Hemothorax

Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura are neoplasms of the mesenchymal tissue of the pleural mesothelium. The most frequent symptoms are dyspnea, coughing and chest pain. A 45-year-old female patient presented after a thoracic contusion. A radio-opaque image was evidenced on chest X-ray. At the initial hospital, a hemorrhagic fluid was aspirated at thoracocentesis and the patient was transferred to our hospital with diagnosis of traumatic hemothorax. A thoracic CT showed a tumoral formation filling two-thirds of the left hemithorax. The transthoracic biopsy finding was compatible with a fibrous tumor. The patient was taken for surgery and the large pleural tumor was excised. In conclusion, a large pleural fibrous tumor was initially mistaken for hemothorax. A CT-scan revealed the tumoral nature of the thoracic opacity.     

创伤性胸外伤的临床诊治体会

目的:总结分析胸部外伤的诊治特点。方法:回顾分析760例胸部外伤程度及治疗情况,其中肋骨骨折,肺挫伤,血气胸常见,伴有颅脑损伤和腹部闭合伤。结果:治愈741例。心脏破裂抢救成功1例,死亡3例;复合伤引起死亡16例。结论:创伤所致胸外伤病情危急,具体分析致伤原因及根据临床体征检查,迅速作出诊断和快速救治是关键,合并颅脑损伤、腹部脏器损伤、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是其主要死亡原因。     

肝肺综合征Ⅱ型肺血管异常合并血胸病例报道并文献复习

目的了解肝肺综合征(HPS)Ⅱ型肺血管异常(肺动静脉畸形)合并血胸的临床特征和处理原则。方法对1例HPSⅡ型肺血管异常合并反复血胸患者的临床资料进行分析,并结合国内外相关文献进行复习。结果患者男性,72岁,以反复加重的喘憋和包裹性胸腔积液就诊。先后4次胸穿,总共抽取血样胸液2510mL,胸液常规红细胞计数在100×109/L以上,细胞学检查和肿瘤标记物均阴性。后经CTPA和肺动脉造影证实为HPSⅡ型肺血管异常合并血胸。患者立卧位PaO2分别为58.3mmHg和66.3mmHg。对血管畸形行栓塞治疗后,低氧血症改善,血胸得到控制。总结文献,HPSⅡ型肺血管异常合并血胸既往未见报道。HPS最突出的临床表现是呼吸困难和发绀。直立位低氧血症或卧位呼吸是HPS较为特异的表现。P(A-a)O2是筛查HPS低氧血症的最敏感指标。HPS胸部CT特点为被强化的团片状密度增高影或多发小结节影,以双下肺野多见。肺动脉造影可对肺血管异常予以分型。HPS肺血管病变Ⅱ型患者对吸氧反应不佳,血管畸形栓塞治疗有助于缓解症状,改善低氧血症。结论HPSⅡ型肺血管异常破裂是血胸的少见病因。肺血管畸形栓塞治疗可有效改善低氧血症,控制血胸。对于具有肝脏病史者,出现肺血管扩张和低氧血症应警惕HPS的存在。     

Intercostal artery injury manifested by a sentinel pleural clot

We present the imaging findings in a case of penetrating injury to an intercostal artery. The presence of the “sentinel clot sign” within the hemothorax and the extravasation of contrast material were the clues to the site of active bleeding. Active extravasation of contrast agent identified in CT scans may represent a life-threatening hemorrhage that usually requires emergency treatment.