痔组织弹性纤维退变和血管生成的机制及其意义

目的研究痔组织弹性纤维的病理变化及微血管密度(MVD)和血管生成相关蛋白的表达与痔形成的关系。方法利用免疫组织化学染色技术(SP法),对比研究24例Ⅲ度痔患者的正常肛垫和痔两种组织内弹性纤维和MVD的变化,并检测一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的3种亚型、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和金属基质蛋白酶(MMP)2、MMP9在两种组织中表达的差异。结果痔组织存在显著的新生血管形成,痔组织与相对正常肛垫组织间的MVD计数、VEGF、MMP9表达差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。痔组织中iNOS明显增高,但与正常肛垫组织比较,不具备统计学意义;痔组织弹性纤维出现断裂、扭曲、变形、玻璃样变等异常,而正常肛垫组织中弹性纤维形态较规则、密集,断裂和变形少见。结论新生血管形成可能是痔的发病机制之一;MMP9对肛垫纤维支持结构的直接降解作用可能是痔形成和加重的一个重要机制;痔组织中iNOS表达增高还提示炎症因素和一氧化氮可能参与了痔的病理过程。     

吻合器痔环切术经肛引流应用观察

目的：探讨采用吻合器经肛管引流治疗重度痔降低术后并发症的影响。方法：随机将101例Ⅲ～Ⅳ期混合痔及内痔患者分为引流组48例和非引流组53例，回顾性分析两组施行PPH经肛引流及非引流术后的临床资料。结果：两组间数据比较伤口渗血（12h～48h）、排便异常指标，对照显示差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论：该术式具有安全、有效、术时短、恢复快及术后并发症明显降低等优点。     

保留齿线悬吊术治疗环状混合痔

目的:探讨保留齿线悬吊术治疗环状混合痔的临床应用价值.方法:72例环状混合痔病人连续进入观察.随机分为两组:保留齿线悬吊术组(即治疗组36例)和外剥内扎法组(即对照组36例).根据治愈率、治愈时间及安全性方面的结果作评价.结果:保留齿线悬吊术组治愈率(88.89%)与对照组(83.33%)相比无显著性差异.治愈时间(18.42±4.67) d VS(22.11±6.01) d,两组有显著性差异;通过测定肛管直肠压力,显示两组手术均较安全.结论:保留齿线悬吊术治疗环状混合痔与外剥内扎术相比,明显缩短术后伤口愈合时间.     

Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy: A Prospective Study From Pathology to Clinical Outcome

Stapled hemorrhoidopexy is widely accepted to treat hemorrhoids, but serious complications have been reported. In this prospective audit, we correlated clinical outcome with pathological findings. From January 2003 to April 2007, 94 patients underwent hemorrhoidopexy. Macroscopic appearance of the specimen (shape, size, and depth) was recorded. Microscopically, the presence of columnar, transitional, and squamous epithelium, the involvement of circular/longitudinal smooth muscle, and features of mucosal prolapse were assessed. Clinical outcome was evaluated by a validated questionnaire. Postoperative pain, secretion, and bleeding durations were 12.7 +/− 10.6, 5.6 +/− 9.6, and 6.3 +/− 8.4 days. Patient’s return to work averaged 16.7 +/− 10.7 days. Fissure, skin tags, and anal strictures were observed in 23.4%. Seven patients experienced pain for a significantly longer period of time. All specimens contained columnar mucosa, but 29.8% contained columnar and transitional epithelium and 12.8% contained columnar, anal transitional, and stratified squamous epithelium. Smooth muscle was observed in 62.7%. Pain was significantly increased if transitional epithelium was present in the specimen. No correlation or differences were observed if smooth muscle was present, although postoperative bleeding was more frequent. Hemorrhoidopexy is safe and effective. The specimen should always be sent for pathology examination. Only columnar epithelium should be present and, although the presence of smooth muscle does not influence the outcome in terms of functional results, its presence may play a role in postoperative bleeding. Presented as poster at the Digestive Disease Week, May 2007, Washington, USA     

Treatment of Hemorrhoids in Day Surgery: Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy vs Milligan–Morgan Hemorrhoidectomy

Background Recently, it has been demonstrated that surgical treatment of hemorrhoids in a day-care basis is possible and safe. The aim of this study was to compare the Longo stapled hemorrhoidopexy (SH) and the Milligan–Morgan hemorrhoidectomy (MMH). Methods One hundred seventy one patients (95 cases in SH group and 76 cases in MMH group) entered the study: 83 cases were III degree hemorrhoids, 88 IV degree. A priori and a post hoc power analysis were performed. Results, prospectively collected, were compared using chi squared test and student t test. Visual analog scale was used for pain evaluation. Postoperative pain, duration of pain, wound secretion, bleeding, resumption of a normal lifestyle, and postoperative complication were evaluated. Results Surgical time was 28.41 ± 10.78 for MMH and 28.30 ± 13.28 min in SH (P = 0.94). Postoperative pain was not different between MMH and SH during the first two postoperative days (4.73 ± 2.91 vs 5.1 ± 3.048; P = 0.4), during the following 6 days, patients treated with SH had less pain (4.63 ± 2.04 in MMH vs 3.60 ± 2.35 in SH; P = 0.006). In the SH group, seven patients needed further hospital stay for complicated course. SH showed higher incidence of anal fissure compared with MMH (6.3% vs 0%; P = 0.025) but no differences in urinary retention, anal stricture, urgency, or anal hemorrhage. Conclusions This study confirms that SH is associated with less postoperative pain and shorter postoperative symptoms, compared with MMH. SH may be a viable addition to the therapy for hemorrhoids with some advantages in early postoperative pain and some disadvantages in postoperative complications and costs.     

复方角菜酸酯乳膏和复方角菜酸酯栓治疗混合痔的疗效及安全性对比研究

目的研究复方角菜酸酯乳膏治疗痔病的疗效及安全性,并与复方角菜酸酯栓剂比较。方法采用多中心、开放、对比的研究方法,将252例混合痔患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,分别应用复方角菜酸酯乳膏和复方角菜酸酯栓剂,在用药后30min至6d量化评价两组疼痛、出血、水肿、脱出等情况。结果用药后在疼痛以外的其他症状改善方面,两组疗效均显著,有效率分别为87.3%和94.8%,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但在各时间点,治疗组患者疼痛平均得分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。在用药后30min和3h,止痛起效的患者比例明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗组在30min和3h总起效患者的比例也高于对照组(P<0.01)。用药期间,两组均无不良反应。结论复方角菜酸酯乳膏用于混合痔的治疗,在缓解疼痛和起效时间上有优势;在改善疼痛以外的症状方面,与复方角菜酸酯栓相似。     

内痔粘膜及血管上皮细胞VEGF/FGF2的表达与内痔分期的相关性分析

目的 通过观察人体内痔不同分期粘膜及血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF2）的表达，探讨内痔的发生及发展机制。 方法 收集南方医院肛肠科门诊手术切除的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期内痔标本134例（Ⅰ期42例，Ⅱ期45例，Ⅲ期47例），内痔周围正常肠壁组织40例作为对照，采用HE染色观察组织的病理学变化，采用免疫组织化学方法检测血管内皮细胞VEGF及FGF2的表达。 结果 正常组及Ⅰ期内痔黏膜层被覆上皮完整，未见扩张血管；Ⅱ期内痔黏膜层被覆上皮破坏，黏膜肌层破坏，黏膜层内见新生血管；Ⅲ期内痔黏膜层被覆上皮破坏，见血管管壁增厚迂曲，管腔扩张；与正常粘膜成纤维细胞相比VEGF在粘膜层成纤维细胞表达水平明显升高，并随分期增高而增高（F=883.961，P<0.01），FGF2也存在相同表达（F=656.013，P<0.01）；与正常组相比VEGF在血管内皮细胞表达水平明显升高，并随分期增高而增高（F=776.561，P<0.01），FGF2在血管内皮细胞的表达水平存在相同趋势（F=1066.458，P＜0.01）。 结论 VEGF及FGF2在内痔的形成过程中具有促进血管内皮细胞和粘膜下成纤维细胞增生的作用，同时可作为内痔发生发展的分子标志物。     

影响吻合器痔上黏膜环切术疗效的因素及改进方法

目的探讨影响吻合器痔上黏膜环切术(PPH)疗效的因素及改进方法。方法使用美国强生一次性PPH吻合器或国产PPH吻合器对68例痔病患者进行PPH手术，在手术改进前后分别对每例黏膜环切的标本以及症状的改善进行测量及观察。结果方法改进前，标本宽度为0．5～2．6cm，术后痔核回缩率75％；方法改进后，标本宽度为3．0～3．5cm，术后痔核回缩率100％。结论影响PPH手术疗效的因素主要是肛垫的提升复位与肛垫的固定。通过改进方法克服不利因素，使环切黏膜的宽度达到要求，进而使肛垫提升复位并得以固定，痔核回缩效果满意。     

挑治结合麦粒灸治疗顽固性痔疮出血一例

观察挑治结合麦粒灸治疗顽固性痔疮出血的临床疗效,应用挑治八"穴结合麦粒灸隐白、大敦治疗顽固性痔疮出血患者1例,取得显著的疗效,挑治结合麦粒灸可有效的改善痔疮出血症状,值得临床推广应用。     

内扎外剥保留齿状线加内痔注射术治疗混合痔的临床观察

为观察内扎外剥保留齿状线加内痔注射术治疗混合痔的疗效，将600例混合痔患者随机分为A、B两组，每组各300例。A组采用内扎外剥保留齿状线加内痔注射术治疗，B组采用传统的外剥内扎术治疗。观察两组术后创口愈合时间、痔核结扎线脱落时间、疼痛程度、创缘水肿、肛周皮赘、肛门溢液、肛门舒适度及疗效。结果显示，两组各项指标均有显著性差异（P均〈0．05）。A组治愈率明显高于B组（93．3％vs 83．3％，P〈0．05）。结果表明，混合痔内扎外剥保留齿状线加内痔注射术疗效确切，创伤小，并发症少，操作简单，值得推广。