2019新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎早期研究进展

2019年12月,中国湖北武汉出现了一种新型冠状病毒引起的肺炎,并扩散传播。中国疾病预防控制中心及相关研究部门快速鉴定、公布其序列,研究并阐述了其流行病学特点。该冠状病毒被WHO命名为2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV),所感染的疾病命名为2019冠状病毒病“COVID-19”,国内简称“新冠肺炎”(novel coronavirus pneumonia,NCP)。中国政府及相关部门快速采取措施阻止疫情的进一步扩散,并采用老药新用策略以及中西结合的方式对病人开展救治工作。本文检索近期所发表的新冠肺炎相关论文,综述其研究进展,提出可能的新药研发思路。     

临床中药师参与新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)防治的药学服务策略

新型冠状病毒肺炎暴发严重危害人民的健康,中医药被国家卫生健康委员会、国家中医药管理局及各地发布的多个《新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案》推荐使用,对疫情的防控作出了突出的贡献。中医药的普遍应用让武汉及全国各地的药师和医生、护士、医技人员一样站到新型冠状病毒防控的一线,开展全程化药学服务,有力地保障了中药的安全合理使用,成为疫情防控的一道新防线。该文将介绍新型冠状病毒肺炎的中医药认识,分析疫情防控的中药临床应用与药学服务切入点,明确临床中药师可在新型冠状病毒肺炎防治中参与中药临床用药方案制定、药物重整、处方审核、合理用药指导、药学监护、叠加用药风险把控等方面开展工作。临床中药师参与新型冠状病毒肺炎的防治,有利于提高中医药防治疫情的水平,对保证患者治疗的有效性、安全性及促进合理用药具有积极的意义。     

新型冠状病毒感染肺炎期间黑素瘤患者个人防护专家共识（第一版）

2019年12月8日以来湖北省武汉市出现第一例新型冠状病毒感染肺炎患者后，该病呈现快速蔓延。由于其发病迅速、传染性强、病程变化快等特点，国家采取甲类传染病的预防、控制措施。当前全国正处于新型冠状病毒感染肺炎防控工作的紧张阶段，黑素瘤患者的免疫机能长期处于免疫低下状态，更加易感。因此，如何做好黑素瘤患者的个人防护工作显得尤为重要。针对上述问题，中国抗癌协会皮肤肿瘤专业委员会组织专家编写了相应的专家共识，以满足当前黑素瘤患者预防新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情工作的需要，帮助黑素瘤患者更好的应对。     

Maternal and fetal outcomes of the pregnant woman with COVID-19: The first case report in Taiwan

ObjectiveA real-Taiwan experience to deal with near-term pregnant woman infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) is extremely limited. We described the first case in Taiwan.Case reportA 30-year-old woman, primigravida had a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection at 36 gestational weeks (GW). She was asymptomatic. Ten days later, she was hospitalized and receive a selective cesarean section with a term baby weighted 3142 gm (Apgar score 8 and 9 at 1st and 5th minute, respectively) at 38 GW. No evidence of in utero and direct transmission was found and newborn was free of COVID-19.ConclusionIt is still uncertain whether timing or mode of delivery is appropriate in SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant woman in near term, but we suggested that a selective delivery time at 38 GW or later, regardless of which mode of delivery is finally decided, can be considered.     

Covax-19/Spikogen® vaccine based on recombinant spike protein extracellular domain with Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvant provides single dose protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters

COVID-19 presents an ongoing global health crisis. Protein-based COVID-19 vaccines that are well-tolerated, safe, highly-protective and convenient to manufacture remain of major interest. We therefore sought to compare the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a number of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein candidates expressed in insect cells. By comparison to a full length (FL) spike protein detergent-extracted nanoparticle antigen, the soluble secreted spike protein extracellular domain (ECD) generated higher protein yields per liter of culture and when formulated with either Alum-CpG55.2 or Advax-CpG55.2 combination adjuvants elicited robust antigen-specific humoral and cellular immunity in mice. In hamsters, the spike ECD when formulated with either adjuvant induced high serum neutralizing antibody titers even after a single dose. When challenged with the homologous SARS-CoV-2 virus, hamsters immunized with the adjuvanted spike ECD exhibited reduced viral load in day 1–3 oropharyngeal swabs and day 3 nasal turbinate tissue and had no recoverable infectious virus in day 3 lung tissue. The reduction in lung viral load correlated with less weight loss and lower lung pathology scores. The formulations of spike ECD with Alum-CpG55.2 or Advax-CpG55.2 were protective even after just a single dose, although the 2-dose regimen performed better overall and required only half the total amount of antigen. Pre-challenge serum neutralizing antibody levels showed a strong correlation with lung protection, with a weaker correlation seen with nasal or oropharyngeal protection. This suggests that serum neutralizing antibody levels may correlate more closely with systemic, rather than mucosal, protection. The spike protein ECD with Advax-CpG55.2 formulation (Covax-19® vaccine) was selected for human clinical development.     

消毒剂使用指南

正前言新型冠状病毒属于β属冠状病毒,基因特征与SARSrCoV和MERSr-CoV有明显区别。目前尚无新型冠状病毒抗力的直接资料,基于以往对冠状病毒的了解,所有经典消毒方法应都能杀灭冠状病毒。2003年SARS疫情暴发时,世界卫生组织在相关指引中仅提到紫外线对冠状病毒杀灭效果差;针对本次新型冠状病毒,仅提出氯己定对其无效。     

新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)相关研究进展

 

自2019年12月底，湖北武汉暴发新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）感染疫情，截至2020年2月20日全国发现感染病例累计7万余例，2019-nCoV传播速度快，影响大。为尽快了解2019-nCoV感染的发生、发展进程，本文对2019-nCoV相关研究进行综述，以进一步了解其致病机制，科学、合理的采取诊疗措施，积极预防和控制疫情。