海洋真菌Aspergillus ruber CTD-5000-2中的吲哚二酮哌嗪生物碱研究

目的对海洋来源真菌Aspergillus ruber CTD-5000-2中的吲哚二酮哌嗪生物碱的结构多样性及抗氧化活性进行研究。方法利用硅胶、十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶(ODS)、半制备高效液相色谱(semi-HPLC)等色谱学方法对菌株发酵物中的吲哚二酮哌嗪生物碱进行分离;利用紫外(UV)、核磁共振波谱(NMR)、质谱(MS)等波谱学方法,结合与文献的数据对比确定化合物的结构。利用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH法)测试了化合物的抗氧化活性。结果从菌株发酵的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离鉴定了10个吲哚二酮哌嗪生物碱,分别为rubrumlines P(1)、neoechinulin B(2)、isoechinulin B(3)、neoechinulin C(4)、cryptoechinulin G(5)、tetrahydroechinulin(6)、neoechinulin A(7)、isoechinulin A(8)、variecolorin G(9)和dehydroechinulin(10)。Neoechinulin A(7)在0.1 mg·mL^?1浓度下对DPPH自由基的清除率为71.83%。结论从海洋真菌Aspergillus ruber中发现了10个二酮哌嗪类生物碱,报道了1个新颖的二酮哌嗪生物碱rubrumlines P(1)。同时发现这10个化合物具有一定的抗氧化活性。     

胰蛋白酶对烟曲霉分生孢子表面纤连蛋白受体的影响

目的：应用流式细胞仪(FCM)测定胰蛋白酶(胰酶)对烟曲霉细胞活力的影响，探讨胰酶对烟曲霉分生孢子表面纤连蛋白受体的影响。方法：用流式细胞仪检测经胰酶预处理20min后的烟曲霉分生孢子的活力、纤连蛋白与烟曲霉分生孢子的黏附率及经胰酶处理后的分生孢子与纤连蛋白黏附率的变化，同时应用激光共聚焦显微镜观察分生孢子表面纤连蛋白受体的分布情况。结果：经胰酶预先处理的分生孢子无凋亡峰出现、被干预的分生孢子接种于马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)培养基后仍有大量烟曲霉生长；纤连蛋白与被干预的分生孢子的黏附率随着胰酶浓度的增加而降低；干预后分生孢子表面荧光标记的纤连蛋白受体分布下降。结论：胰酶可降解烟曲霉分生孢子表面相关蛋白受体；流式细胞仪可作为检测烟曲霉分生孢子表面微观变化可靠而高效的辅助手段之一。     

Identification of airborne bacterial and fungal species in the clinical microbiology laboratory of a university teaching hospital employing ribosomal DNA (rDNA) PCR and gene sequencing techniques

Universal or “broad-range” PCR-based ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was performed on a collection of 58 isolates (n = 30 bacteria + 28 fungi), originating from environmental air from several locations within a busy clinical microbiology laboratory, supporting a university teaching hospital. A total of 10 bacterial genera were identified including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative genera. Gram-positive organisms accounted for 27/30 (90%) of total bacterial species, consisting of seven genera and included (in descending order of frequency) Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, Paenibacillus, Arthrobacter, Janibacter and Rothia. Gram-negative organisms were less frequently isolated 3/30 (10%) and comprised three genera, including Moraxella, Psychrobacter and Haloanella. Eight fungal genera were identified among the 28 fungal organisms isolated, including (in descending order of frequency) Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Thanatephorus, Absidia, Eurotium, Paraphaeosphaeria and Tritirachium, with Cladosporium accounting for 10/28 (35.7%) of the total fungal isolates. In conclusion, this study identified the presence of 10 bacterial and eight fungal genera in the air within the laboratory sampled. Although this reflected diversity of the microorganisms present, none of these organisms have been described previously as having an inhalational route of laboratory-acquired infection. Therefore, we believe that the species of organisms identified and the concentration levels of these airborne contaminants determined, do not pose a significant health and safety threat for immunocompotent laboratory personnel and visitors.     

白藜芦醇对红色毛癣菌和烟曲霉菌抑菌作用比较

目的 比较白藜芦醇（resveratrol,Res）对红色毛癣菌（Trichoph yton rubrum,T.rubrum）和烟曲霉菌（Aspergillus fumigatus,A.fumigatus）体外抑菌作用.方法 按照CLSI M38-P方案的微量肉汤稀释法检测Res对14株T.rubrum和3株A.fumigatus的体外最低抑菌浓度（MIC）,比较亚浓度Res作用下两种真菌在电镜下细胞结构的改变.结果 Res对T.rubrum和A.fumigatus的MIC分别为0.064 mg/ml和0.512 mg/ml,电镜下Res作用后的红色毛癣菌细胞内容物严重缺失,出现大片空白区,空泡大小不一,排列凌乱;烟曲霉菌菌丝出现空白区,内容物排列不整.结论 Res对T.rubrum 体外抑菌浓度MIC低于A.fumigatus,Res对T.rubrum抑菌效果明显,电镜下Res两种真菌的抑菌效果明显.     

健康人外周血烟曲霉硫氧还蛋白还原酶抗原特异性T 淋巴细胞检测与结果评价

目的：为评估烟曲霉硫氧还蛋白还原酶（ thioredoxin reductase , TR）抗原是否具有免疫保护作用,文中建立并优化检测健康人外周血单个核细胞（peripheral blood mononuclear cell , PBMC）中TR抗原特异性T淋巴细胞（TR／AST）分泌干扰素γ（interferon γ, IFN-γ）与白细胞介素-4（interleukin-4, IL-4）的酶联免疫斑点法（enzyme linked immunospot assay , ELISPOT）检测技术,以探讨TR抗原特异性T淋巴细胞在侵袭性曲霉病（ invasive aspergillosis , IA）中的作用。方法采用方阵滴定法优化ELISPOT反应条件。以烟曲霉TR为特异性刺激物,阳性细胞刺激剂为对照,用ELISPOT技术检测20名健康人外周血PBMC分泌IFN-γ、IL-4的阳性斑点形成细胞（spot forming cell, SFC）频数。结果方阵滴定法结果显示,10μg TR抗原、健康人PBMC终浓度为3×105／孔时ELISPOT检测结果最佳。20名健康人特异性分泌IFN-γ和IL-4的SFC频数分别为15（3．5,59．5）个和0（0,0）个,IFN-γ的SFC频数显著高于IL-4,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．001）。 TR可刺激所有20名健康人产生IFN-γ应答,其中9例产生强IFN-γ应答（SFC＞20个／3×105 PBMC）,占45％;而19名健康人在TR刺激后不产生IL-4应答,仅1例产生弱IL-4应答（SFC＝1）。结论烟曲霉TR抗原诱导的T细胞免疫以Th1型免疫应答占绝对优势,因此,该抗原具有成为保护性抗原的潜能。     

重症肺部感染后继发曲霉菌感染的临床研究

目的研究重症肺部感染后患曲霉菌感染的危险因素、临床特征、影像学特点,以做到早期诊断和治疗。方法回顾分析2005年1月—2011年12月在呼吸重症监护室（RICU）的重症肺部感染继发曲霉菌感染患者,随机抽取同一时期未并发真菌感染的重症肺炎为对照组。记录患者临床资料,包括一般资料、基础疾病、治疗相关因素进行统计分析,以及血液指标、细菌培养结果和影像学资料。结果监护病房住院天数、广谱抗生素、糖皮质激素、机械通气（MV）、感染性休克、肝功能不全、糖尿病、免疫性疾病以及慢性呼吸道疾病（CRD）在2组比较中差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;而年龄、留置静脉导管、肠外营养以及实体肿瘤之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。临床以发热、呼吸困难及肺部哮鸣音为主;外周血白细胞升高、CRP、IGE升高占较大比例;同时影像学具有不典型性,以肺纹理增重、片状渗出和实变等非特异性表现。抢救成功8例中7例为伏立康唑治疗。结论重症肺部感染后存在上述相关危险因素时需注意易患曲霉菌感染可能;由于其临床表现及影像学具有不典型性,因此临床医师应认识其好发因素、观察临床病情的变化、多次查痰培养,同时气管镜检查观察黏膜、PBS及活检获得病理不失为一个比较安全的方法,抢先治疗成为降低病死率的关键。     

医院空气中黄曲霉菌含量分析研究

目的 了解医院空气中黄曲霉菌污染程度和规律.方法 采用离心式空气微生物采样器和真菌培养的方法,在1年中不同季节分别选择1 d中不同的5个时段,对医院不同环境空气中黄曲霉菌进行采集、培养、计数和分析.结果 所有采样点在4个季度均采集到了黄曲霉菌株;6个环境区空气中黄曲霉菌含量不同,以门诊楼最高,平均达1238.9 CFU/m~3;其中内科楼各科室空气中黄曲霉菌含量各季节间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);均数两两比较显示,春、秋季与冬、夏季间差异有统计学意义,而冬季与夏季、春季与秋季差异无统计学意义;外环境各季节间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);同时内科与外环境空气中黄曲霉菌含量在冬、夏季差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05).春季、秋季差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05).结论 医院环境中黄曲霉菌污染较严重,加强环境控制,预防曲霉菌属感染非常必要.     

Aspergillus endocarditis in lung transplant recipients: case report and literature review

M. Lázaro, A. Ramos, P. Ussetti, A. Asensio, R. Laporta, E. Muñez, I. Sánchez‐Romero, E. Tejerina, R. Burgos, V. Moñivas, A. Varela. Aspergillus endocarditis in lung transplant recipients: case report and literature review.
Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13 : 186–191. All rights reserved Abstract: We present a case of endocarditis caused by Aspergillus in a lung transplant (LT) patient and review 6 previously reported cases. All cases were caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. Five patients (71%) were transplanted due to cystic fibrosis. None of the patients had any previously known valvular heart disease. The time that elapsed between LT surgery and the diagnosis of Aspergillus endocarditis was 8±6 months. Large peripheral emboli were observed in 6 patients (85%); blood cultures were negative in all. Transthoracic echocardiography did not detect the presence of vegetations in 3 patients (43%); the vegetations measured >1.5 cm in all cases. Five patients (71%) died from disseminated disease. Both survivors underwent combined therapy with antifungal drugs and surgical treatment.