凉血通瘀方干预高血压大鼠急性脑出血模型对脑组织中差异miRNA表达的影响＊

目的 研究凉血通瘀方对高血压大鼠急性脑出血模型脑组织miRNA表达的影响，对差异表达的miRNA靶基因进行分析，探索凉血通瘀方可能的药效机制。方法 将自发性高血压大鼠随机分成对照组（B）和实验组（C）。适应性饲养一周后，C组灌胃凉血通瘀方，B组灌胃等体积生理盐水，连续5天，每天1次。构建脑出血模型后收集脑组织，借助全转录组测序技术获得miRNA表达量，与miRBase数据库比对获取已知miRNA，使用miRDeep2预测新miRNA。差异分析软件为DESeq2，筛选阈值为|log₂FC| ≥1 并且P <0.05。对显著差异表达的miRNA进行靶基因预测，对靶基因进行GO功能、KEGG通路富集和PPI网络分析。结果 实验组和对照组对比，共发现21个显著差异表达的miRNA，上调有9个，下调有12个，共预测得到1243个有统计学意义的靶基因。GO富集分析发现，生物过程中突触囊泡分泌的调节、神经递质分泌的调节和神经递质运输的调节占前三位，神经元投射终点、全膜、质膜区域和细胞投射则是主要的细胞成分。分子功能分别为小GTPase绑定、底物特异性跨膜转运蛋白活性和离子跨膜转运体活性。通路分析结果显示，靶基因在癌证通路、pI3K-Akt信号通路、人类乳头瘤病毒感染、神经活性配体-受体相互作用和MAPK通路等分布广泛。采用STRING网站和Cytoscape软件，根据MCC算法筛选出ADRA2C、CASR、CCL28、CCR1、DRD2、GNAT3、GRM2、DYNC1LI1、GABBR1、GNAI1等核心靶基因。结论 凉血通瘀方对脑出血急性期鼠脑组织内miRNA的表达有重要影响；显著差异表达miRNAs可能通过靶向核心基因调控凉血通瘀方干预急性脑出血的病理过程及预后。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

高龄老年骨科手术患者术后低蛋白血症风险因素及预测模型

目的回顾性分析高龄老年骨科患者术后低蛋白血症的风险因素。方法选取80岁以上高龄老年骨科手术患者498例,使用Python统计软件包对患者的基本情况进行描述性统计分析,并采用软件包中决策树、逻辑回归、随机森林、ExtraTreesClassifier、AdaBoost、GradientBoostDecisionTree、SVM等7种机器学习模型进行低蛋白血症风险模型构建。绘制并计算受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC),评价模型的预测能力,选择最佳模型。最终根据模型纳入的特征确定风险因素。结果随机森林为最佳预测模型,白蛋白定量最小值(min)、椎管内麻醉、肌酸激酶同工酶、术后引流量、术中出血量、术前直接胆红素最大值(max)、术前血清总蛋白max、术后输血量、术前血清总蛋白min、术前血钠min、术前总胆红素min、术前总胆红素max、术前肌酸激酶min、术前高密度脂蛋白min,是高龄老年骨科手术患者术后发生低蛋白血症的独立危险因素。结论导致术后高龄老人术后低蛋白血症的风险因素较多,其中及时改善术前白蛋白水平是降低术后低蛋白血症及其他术后不良事件的有效措施。     

认知重构干预对急性心肌梗死介入手术患者不良情绪及疾病感知的影响

目的探讨认知重构干预对急性心肌梗死(AMI)介入手术患者不良情绪及疾病感知的影响。方法72例AMI介入手术患者随机分为两组各36例,对照组给予常规护理干预,研究组在对照组基础上给予认知重构干预,比较两组的不良情绪、疾病感知以及治疗依从性。结果干预后,研究组的HAMA、HAMD评分均低于对照组,疾病感知各项评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的治疗依从性为94.44%,高于对照组的75.00%(P<0.05)。结论认知重构干预对急性心肌梗死介入手术患者的不良情绪及疾病感知均有积极的影响,可提升患者的治疗依从性。     

微小RNA-302b在急性心肌梗死患者血清中的表达及临床意义

目的检测微小RNA-302b(miR-302b)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血清中的表达,并探讨其与心肌损伤的关系。方法选取2016年陕西省第四人民医院72例AMI患者为AMI组,采用随机数字表法选取同期体检的48名健康人作为对照组。两组均通过实时荧光定量PCR法检测血清miR-302b含量(AMI组患者在临床确诊后12 h内检测),spearman法分析血清miR-302b表达与心肌酶谱的相关性。结果 miR-302b在AMI组患者血清中的相对表达量显著高于对照组(3.14±0.76比1.13±0.22,t=17.706,P<0.001);AMI患者的血清miR-302b相对表达量与天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(r=0.428,P=0.017)、乳酸脱氢酶(r=0.519,P=0.045)、肌酸激酶同工酶(r=0.718,P=0.003)和心肌肌钙蛋白I(r=0.772,P<0.001)呈正相关。ROC曲线分析示miR-302b诊断AMI的敏感度为88.6%、特异度为64.3%。结论 miR-302b在AMI患者血清中呈高表达,并与心肌损伤相关。