The Cognitive Science of Visual‐Spatial Displays: Implications for Design

This paper reviews cognitive science perspectives on the design of visual‐spatial displays and introduces the other papers in this topic. It begins by classifying different types of visual‐spatial displays, followed by a discussion of ways in which visual‐spatial displays augment cognition and an overview of the perceptual and cognitive processes involved in using displays. The paper then argues for the importance of cognitive science methods to the design of visual displays and reviews some of the main principles of display design that have emerged from these approaches to date. Cognitive scientists have had good success in characterizing the performance of well‐defined tasks with relatively simple visual displays, but many challenges remain in understanding the use of complex displays for ill‐defined tasks. Current research exemplified by the papers in this topic extends empirical approaches to new displays and domains, informs the development of general principles of graphic design, and addresses current challenges in display design raised by the recent explosion in availability of complex data sets and new technologies for visualizing and interacting with these data.     

Visualizing risks in cancer communication: A systematic review of computer-supported visual aids

ObjectiveHealth websites are becoming important sources for cancer information. Lay users, patients and carers seek support for critical decisions, but they are prone to common biases when quantitative information is presented. Graphical representations of risk data can facilitate comprehension, and interactive visualizations are popular. This review summarizes the evidence on computer-supported graphs that present risk data and their effects on various measures.MethodsThe systematic literature search was conducted in several databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. Only studies with a controlled design were included. Relevant publications were carefully selected and critically appraised by two reviewers.ResultsThirteen studies were included. Ten studies evaluated static graphs and three dynamic formats. Most decision scenarios were hypothetical. Static graphs could improve accuracy, comprehension, and behavioural intention. But the results were heterogeneous and inconsistent among the studies. Dynamic formats were not superior or even impaired performance compared to static formats.ConclusionsStatic graphs show promising but inconsistent results, while research on dynamic visualizations is scarce and must be interpreted cautiously due to methodical limitations.Practice implicationsWell-designed and context-specific static graphs can support web-based cancer risk communication in particular populations. The application of dynamic formats cannot be recommended and needs further research.     

Optimizing needle tip visualization during out-of-plane ultrasonography: A novel technique

Ultrasound-guided interventions are rapidly growing area in pain medicine. We developed a novel “underhand” technique aimed to improve upon the “freehand technique”. With the operator's hand stabilization, precise movements of the transducer are easier to perform that can improve visualization of the needle and targeted anatomical structures. Similar to the classical technique hydrolocalization can be used incrementally during the needle advancement to the target structure. Both the wrist up and the wrist down underhand approaches are described and provide the patient and physician comfort with superior needle visualization that can improve injection accuracy. This novel underhand out-of-plane technique may serve as a convenient and precise method to carry out ultrasound-guided interventions when the classical freehand technique may be challenging to perform.     

GOPubMed:基于GO和MeSH的信息检索与分析研究

GOPubMed是一种基于PubMed的结果可视化和后处理类型的智能搜索引擎.从工作原理、关键技术以及扩展功能3个方面对其性能进行解析.研究显示,GOPubMed利用基于语义网的语义分类工具--GO(Gene Ontology,基因本体)和MeSH,对PubMed检索结果进行分类,帮助用户快速地找出最相关的命中文献,实现语义网与生物医学信息检索的完美结合,并能对检索结果从多角度进行可视化统计分析.     

质子泵抑制剂对老年人磁控胶囊胃镜图像质量的影响

目的探讨应用质子泵抑制剂对老年人磁控胶囊胃镜（MCE）图像质量的影响。 方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年4月北京大学第一医院接受MCE检查的老年患者（≥60岁）临床资料,根据是否应用质子泵抑制剂分为2组,比较2组的胃视野清洁度、黏膜可视度、疾病检出率及不良反应事件情况。采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较MCE胃视野清洁度和黏膜可视度积分的组间差异,采用χ²检验或Fisher精确检验比较2组患者疾病检出率的差异。 结果共纳入93例患者[男性70例,中位年龄75.0（60~93）岁],未应用质子泵抑制剂组（N组）54例;应用质子泵抑制剂组（P组）39例。N组胃总体视野清洁度评分高于P组[22.0（6.0,23.0）分vs 19.5（11.0,23.0）分],差异具有统计学意义（Z=-3.186,P<0.001）。N组胃总体黏膜可视度评分高于P组[18.0（6.0,18.0）分vs 17.0（11.0,18.0）分],差异具有统计学意义（Z=-2.158,P=0.031）。N组患者的整体胃视野好于P组,尤其是胃底、胃体部视野更清晰。N组和P组胃部病变总检出率比较（57.4% vs 51.3%）,差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.343,P=0.558）。2组均未发生不良反应及胶囊滞留。 结论对于老年人群,应用质子泵抑制剂虽会影响MCE视野,但不影响病变检出率,MCE对老年人群是安全的检查选择。     

藏医药学60年研究热点和趋势知识图谱可视化分析

目的：分析藏医药学60年研究热点与研究趋势,以更好了解藏医药的研究现状及未来发展方向。方法：以藏医药学为研究主题,检索国家知识基础设施数据库（CNKI）自1960年1月至2020年12月的文献,进行发文量统计,并利用CiteSpace与VOSviewer软件对作者及机构进行合作网络分析,对关键词进行共现分析、聚类分析、主题路径及学科前沿突现词分析。结果：共纳入文献6 282篇,文献在近10年增长迅速,年平均发文345篇;共包含8 122位作者,涵盖384个研究机构,研究机构以成都中医药大学民族医药学院张艺团队等为代表;共得到9 347个关键词,通过聚类分析等得出主要研究方向涉及《四部医典》为代表的文献研究、临床疗效评价、化学成分研究以及藏区植物资源研究等内容。结论：藏医药研究目前研究整体呈上升态势,形成了稳定的研究团队与较为成熟的研究主题。应继续加强团队间合作,优势互补,开展高质量临床研究及机制探索,以促进藏医药学的全面发展。     

俯卧位摄影在排泄性尿路造影中的应用

目的完善造影中的摄影体位,显示最佳的造影效果。方法对50例泌尿系梗阻伴积水患者,在IVP中采取先传统仰卧位,必要时俯卧位的造影方法,对其先后两种方法的显影效果进行比较。结果先仰卧位再俯卧位摄影后,肾盂肾盏显影率提高20%,P<0.05;肾盂-输尿管连接部及各段显影率提高18%,P<0.05。结论排泄性尿路造影,必要时采取俯卧位摄影,能弥补传统造影体位的不足,使梗阻部位在仰卧前后位无法显示的解剖机构和病变满意显示出来,是泌尿系梗阻时,肾盂肾盏及解压后输尿管全程显影最好的补充体位。方法简便,值得常规鉴用。     

基于CiteSpace软件的早产儿护理研究文献可视化分析

目的：总结国内外早产儿护理研究现状、了解当前研究热点,预测其发展趋势。方法：检索中文数据库中国知网（CNKI）和英文数据库Web of Science核心合集（WOS）中有关早产儿护理的期刊文献,采用CiteSpace 5.8.R1可视化分析软件对纳入文献的发文量、作者、机构、关键词进行计量学和可视化分析。结果：共纳入中文文献3 525篇,英文文献760篇。近10年国内外发文量整体呈上升趋势,国内发文量多于国外。国内外作者合作网络图谱中均有网络形成,但中心性均＜0.1。关键词分析结果显示,早产儿喂养、生长发育及延续性护理是国内研究热点;而国外以袋鼠式护理、疼痛护理、早产儿喂养和早产儿母亲焦虑等作为研究热点。结论：目前早产儿护理研究热点主要集中在早产儿喂养、袋鼠式护理、延续性护理等方面。建议研究者在今后的研究中,进一步拓展早产儿护理内涵,如护理模式、疼痛及营养管理、早产儿照护者情绪管理等。     

L —a new software system for the evaluation of functional magnetic resonance images of the human brain

This paper describes the non-commercial software system L that was developed for the processing of functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI) of the human brain. The analysis of fMRI data comprises various aspects including filtering, spatial transformation, statistical evaluation as well as segmentation and visualization. In L , particular emphasis was placed on the development of new visualization and segmentation techniques that support visualizations of individual brain anatomy so that experts can assess the exact location of activation patterns in individual brains. As the amount of data that must be handled is enormous, another important aspect in the development L was the efficiency of the software implementation. Well established statistical techniques were used whenever possible.     

基于Web of Science与中国知网的肠息肉研究循证可视化及对比分析

目的:应用文献计量学的方法分析中、英文数据库中肠息肉的研究现状,探讨其目前研究热点及未来研究方向.方法:分别采用Web of Science、中国知网数据库进行中、英文文献的检索.以"肠息肉""结直肠息肉""结肠息肉""大肠息肉"为检索词,检索日期自建库至2021年10月6日,纳入已发表的肠息肉相关文献,采用VOSvi...