基本公共卫生服务文献计量分析

以CNKI为数据源,检索我国公共卫生服务项目相关文献,采用文献计量学方法从发文量、研究层次、作者机构、基金来源、研究热点、合作者等方面进行梳理及分析,将结果做可视化展示,初步揭示我国现阶段基本公共卫生服务研究现状及存在问题,以期为后续研究提供参考。     

超大规模医学图像并行虚拟可视化的仿真研究

在网格计算基础上,研究利用医院内部局域网和普通配置计算机,实现超大规模医学图像并行可视化的关键技术,包括系统硬件构成、软件框架、负载平衡以及虚拟现实可视化等问题。在普通计算机群上,编程实现大规模医学图像的最大密度投影重建算法,并在虚拟现实构造语言(virtual reality modeling language,VRML)基础上,设计人机交互控制面板,实现虚拟可视化操作。仿真结果表明,该方法较好地解决了运算速度和内存空间这两大难题,效果良好,实时性强,对医生诊断治疗具有很好的辅助作用。     

Adherence, behavior change, and visualization: a qualitative study of the experiences of taking an obesity medication

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine patients' experiences of taking orlistat as a means to explore adherence and behavior change. METHOD: We performed qualitative interviews with 12 participants who had taken orlistat in the past 2 years. RESULTS: Their experiences were described in terms of beliefs about the causes of their obesity, their motivations for taking orlistat, and highly visual side effects. These themes have implications for understanding adherence and behavior change. For some, the side effects led to nonadherence and absence of behavior change. These individuals seemed to be motivated by routine effects of being overweight, such as lowered self-esteem. In contrast, those who were motivated by a life crisis seemed to tolerate the side effects of the drug, leading to adherence. In turn, these highly visual side effects enabled them to make an explicit link between food consumed and weight, creating a shift in their beliefs about the causes of obesity and making behavior change more likely. CONCLUSION: Orlistat use illustrates how treatment and illness beliefs interact to create both adherence and behavior change, particularly in the context of a life crisis and particularly when symptoms can be visualized.     

A Tissue Mimicking Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Phantom for Visualizing Thermal Lesions Generated by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound

An optically transparent tissue-mimicking (TM) phantom whose acoustic properties are close to those of tissue was constructed for visualizing therapeutic effects by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The TM phantom was designed to improve a widely used standard bovine serum albumin (BSA) polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAG), which attenuated ultrasound far less than tissue and, unlike tissue, did not scatter ultrasound. A modified recipe has been proposed in the study by adding scattering glass beads with diameters of 40–80 μm (0.002% w/v) and by raising the concentration of acrylamide (30% v/v). The TM BSA-PAG constructed has an acoustic impedance of 1.67 MRayls, a speed of sound of 1576 m/s, an attenuation coefficient of 0.52 dB/cm at 1 MHz, a backscattering coefficient of 0.242 × 10⁻³ 1/sr/cm at 1 MHz and a nonlinear parameter (B/A) of 5.7. These parameters are close to those of liver. The thermal and optical properties are almost the same as the standard BSA-PAG. The characteristic features of the thermal lesions by HIFU were observed to be more accurately visualized in the TM BSA-PAG than in the standard BSA-PAG. In conclusion, the proposed TM BSA-PAG acoustically mimics tissue better than the standard BSA-PAG and is expected to be preferentially used for assuring if a clinical HIFU device produces the thermal lesion as planned.     

Neural network classification of otoneurological data and its visualization

When complex data is distributed in a biased manner between disease classes, classification accuracy can be increased with a network set of perceptron neural networks developed by us. A novel projection method is also introduced for the visual classification of the data to elucidate its features and disease class distribution. The set of the perceptron neural networks and the projection method were tested with otoneurological data and they improved average sensitivity and positive predictive value at least 10% up to 85% and 83%, compared to our earlier neural network classifications with the same data. The methods were also experimented with two additional data sets, which included diagnostically very difficult cases.     

Design and test of a PC-based portable three-dimensional ultrasound software system Ultra3D

Currently, portable ultrasound units lack three-dimensional (3D) image display, limiting their potential usefulness especially under remote and hostile operating environments where information must be intuitive and objective. A freehand 3D image processing and visualization software package, Ultra3D, has been developed and tested, especially to work with a miniaturized linear-array transducer probe that is connected to a laptop PC. This paper presents the software design and method to integrate Ultra3D into Terason's miniaturized SmartProbe for freehand 3D ultrasound imaging. Since images generated by Ultra3D are in a digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) format, data sharing with others is easy.     

国际视野下中医研究的可视化分析

以Web of Knowledge为数据来源,利用信息可视化软件CiteSpace对所采集的中医研究相关文献进行可视化分析,直观地展现中医研究的主要国家或地区、机构、期刊、高被引文献,揭示近些年来国际中医研究的热点领域并探索其发展趋势。     

以问题为基础学习为导向的要点形象化教学在斜弱视教学中的应用

本文分析了在眼科斜弱视教学中实施以问题为基础学习(problem-based learning,PBL)为导向的要点形象化教学的意义,介绍了该教学方法的具体内容,即教学内容整合重组、利用影像资源将教学要点形象化、创建特色教学形式,以及教学的具体实施过程,激发学生的学习兴趣与欲望,提高学生的学习主动性,达到理解性学习、运用所学知识解决临床实际问题的目的.

Abstract：

This article analyzed the necessity and advantages of practice of key point visualization teaching oriented by problem-based learning(PBL) in strabismus and amblyopia courses,introduced the specific contents of the teaching procedure,including reorganization of the contents, visualization of learning key point,creating a distinctive teaching style.All the efforts helped inspiring the students'interest and desire in learning,improving their initiative in learning,developing their ability to synthesize and achieve the purpose of comprehension-based learning and to resolve the strabismus and amblyopic problem in real clinic practices.     

英文期刊内容差异性测度和分析

【目的】 从差异性视角提出期刊区分度(Journal Discriminative Capacity,JDC)测算方法,并对期刊内容的差异性进行定量测算及分析,以探测不同期刊个体之间的区分性特征及不同学科期刊总体的差异化程度。【方法】 以2015—2017年SCI、SSCI、A&HCI收录期刊的题录信息为数据源,首先通过层次聚类和JDC测算对LIS学科23种期刊内容的差异性进行深入分析;然后通过计算不同学科的JDC并结合多维尺度降维分析法来探测学科间期刊的差异性特征,同时利用学科期刊个体的JDC均值来探讨不同学科期刊的差异性。【结果】 LIS学科期刊的区分性出现明显分层,图书馆类期刊的区分性最强,评价与评述类期刊的区分性最弱;不同学科期刊具有鲜明的学科性特征,SCI收录期刊的区分性最为显著,SSCI收录期刊次之,A&HCI收录期刊的区分性最弱。【结论】 在单学科中区分度越低的期刊,其综合性特征越显著;而在多学科中,理工类期刊的内容差异性更为显著,其学科特色较人文社科类期刊更为突出。