吸烟对牙周基础治疗前后RANKL/OPG水平的影响

目的 评价吸烟因素是否影响牙周炎基础治疗前、后龈沟液（gingival crevicular fluid，GCF）中核因子活化因子受体配体（ligand of receptor activator of NF-kB，RANKL）和骨保护素（osteoprotegerin，OPG）的水平。方法 依据吸烟情况，将30例男性慢性牙周炎患者分为吸烟组（15例，30颗实验牙），和非吸烟组（15例，30颗实验牙）。牙周基础治疗前、治疗后1、4和12周用滤纸条法收集实验牙的GCF，酶联免疫吸附测定法（enzyme—linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA）测定GCF中的RANKL／OPG水平。结果 牙周基础治疗后，两组的RANKL浓度与基线时相比，在治疗后1、4和12周明显下降（P〈0．05），而OPG浓度均明显升高（P〈0．05）；两组的RANKL／OPG比值在治疗后各个时间点与基线相比，下降明显，具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。基础治疗前后各个时间点。吸烟组GCF中RANKL浓度以及RANKL／OPG的比值明显高于非吸烟组（P〈0．05）；在治疗前后各个时间点非吸烟组OPG浓度都高于吸烟组，但仅在治疗后4和12周时，具有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论 牙周基础治疗使龈沟液中的RANKL浓度下降，RANKL／OPG的比值下降，OPG浓度明显升高；吸烟使慢性牙周炎患者基础治疗前后龈沟液中RANKL浓度和RANKL／OPG的比值明显高于非吸烟慢性牙周炎患者。吸烟慢性牙周炎患者治疗后4和12周时0PG浓度明显低于非吸烟慢性牙周炎患者。     

Biochemical markers in oncology. Part I: molecular basis. Part II: clinical uses

The investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression has led to the development of numerous biochemical markers. Biochemical markers may serve for early prediction of tumor recurrence, progression and development of metastases including bone metastases and for prediction of response to therapy. Tumor antigens have been used for more than a decade and although they have shown promising clinical results, their sensitivity and specificity remain limited. A lot of knowledge on the key molecules which control cell cycle, apoptosis and angiogenesis has been acquired during recent years, but their clinical value remains uncertain. Molecular markers which are linked to malignant transformation may provide a non-surgical therapeutic approach by targeting these molecules through gene therapy or antisense molecules. Because of the complexity of the physiopathogical processes involved in tumorogenesis and metastases, we first provide a review on the molecular basis of the various tumor markers and then discuss their potential clinical utility for the major cancers. The review of the current literature indicates that at the exception of a few examples, such as the use of Her-2 to predict response of the targeted Herceptin therapy, no single marker is sensitive and specific enough to perform an accurate diagnosis, predict disease progression or response to treatment. A combination of different biochemical and imaging markers appears to be the most promising strategy to monitor patients with cancer.     

Relationships Between the Changes of Serum Levels of OPG and RANKL with Age, Menopause, Bone Biochemical Markers and Bone Mineral Density in Chinese Women Aged 20-75

The correlations between the serum levels of OPG, RANKL with age, menopause, bone markers, and bone mineral densities (BMDs) at the lumbar spine and proximal femur were studied in 504 pre- and postmenopausal Chinese women aged 20–75 years. We found that age was positively and negatively correlated with serum concentrations of OPG (r = 0.442, P < 0.001) and RANKL (r = –0.263, P < 0.001), respectively. Compared with premenopausal women, postmenopausal women showed higher serum OPG levels (107.6 ± 3.0 vs 72.0 ± 1.8 pg/ml, P < 0.001), lower serum RANKL concentrations (4.7 ± 0.4 vs. 5.8 ± 0.3 pg/ml, P < 0.001) and RANKL/OPG ratios (0.045 ± 0. 004 vs. 0.099 ± 0.008, P < 0.001). Neither serum levels of OPG nor RANKL or RANKL/OPG ratio correlated with BMDs after adjustment of age and menopause. They also showed no differences among normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Serum levels of OPG were positively correlated with urinary excretion of NTx (r = 0.1453, P = 0.006). Serum levels of RANKL (r = –0.1928, P < 0.001) and RANKL/OPG ratio (r = –0.1303, P = 0.013) were inversely correlated with serum concentrations of OC. In multiple regression analysis, up to 20% variance (R² = 0.106–0.224) of the OPG-RANKL system in peripheral circulation can be explained by age, menopause and bone markers.These results suggest that although serum OPG and RANKL concentrations were unrelated with BMDs, the age– and menopause– dependent changes of serum OPG and RANKL might be a protective mechanism against the accelerated bone loss in postmenopausal women.     

熊果酸衍生物对糖尿病骨质疏松骨重塑的影响

目的 探讨熊果酸衍生物(ursolic acid derivatives,UAD)对糖尿病骨质疏松骨重塑的影响。方法 将小鼠随机分为对照组、STZ组与US组三组,取胫骨进行基因和蛋白表达测定以及组织形态学分析,测定骨体积/总体积(BV/TV)、骨小梁数(Tb.N)、小梁厚度(Tb.Th)和骨密度/总体积(BMD／TV)等各项骨形态参数,分别检测骨保护素/核因子-κΒ受体活化剂(OPG/RANKL)比值与骨代谢关键调控因子mRNA的表达。结果 STZ组与对照组相比,OPG/RANKL比值和OPG显著降低且RANKL升高;US组显著增加OPG/RANKL比值。STZ组MMP9和CAII mRNA表达显著高于对照组,而STZ组Runx2和TGF-β的mRNA表达显著低于对照组。US组同时逆转糖尿病小鼠MMP9、CAII、RUNX2和TGF-β mRNA的表达。结论 UAD通过促进成骨细胞分化、新生骨形成及抑制破骨细胞骨吸收功能来逆转STZ诱导的骨小梁损伤作用进行骨重塑。     

Protective effect of zinc supplementation against cadmium-induced oxidative stress and the RANK/RANKL/OPG system imbalance in the bone tissue of rats

It was investigated whether protective influence of zinc (Zn) against cadmium (Cd)-induced disorders in bone metabolism may be related to its antioxidative properties and impact on the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κΒ (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system. Numerous indices of oxidative/antioxidative status, and Cd and Zn were determined in the distal femur of the rats administered Zn (30 and 60 mg/l) or/and Cd (5 and 50 mg/l) for 6 months. Soluble RANKL (sRANKL) and OPG were measured in the bone and serum. Zn supplementation importantly protected from Cd-induced oxidative stress preventing protein, DNA, and lipid oxidation in the bone. Moreover, Zn protected from the Cd-induced increase in sRANKL concentration and the sRANKL/OPG ratio, and decrease in OPG concentration in the bone and serum. Numerous correlations were noted between indices of the oxidative/antioxidative bone status, concentrations of sRANKL and OPG in the bone and serum, as well as the bone concentrations of Zn and Cd, and previously reported by us in these animals (Brzóska et al., 2007) indices of bone turnover and bone mineral density. The results allow us to conclude that the ability of Zn to prevent from oxidative stress and the RANK/RANKL/OPG system imbalance may be implicated in the mechanisms of its protective impact against Cd-induced bone damage. This paper is the first report from an in vivo study providing evidence that beneficial Zn impact on the skeleton under exposure to Cd is related to the improvement of the bone tissue oxidative/antioxidative status and mediating the RANK/RANKL/OPG system.     

Comparison of the bone protective effects of an isoflavone-rich diet with dietary and subcutaneous administrations of genistein in ovariectomized rats

Administration of the isoflavone genistein (GEN) has been described to result in bone protection but also to induce uterotrophic responses. To compare bone protective effects of GEN with an isoflavone-rich diet (IRD) and to further elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in bone-protection, ovariectomized rats (OVX) received either a diet low in isoflavone content (IDD) enriched with GEN (42 mg kg⁻¹ b.wt d⁻¹) (GEN^d), an IRD (14 mg kg⁻¹ b.wt d⁻¹ GEN, 14 mg kg⁻¹ b.wt d⁻¹ daidzein) or were treated subcutaneously (s.c.) with GEN (10 mg kg⁻¹ b.wt d⁻¹) (GEN^sc) for 12 weeks. Intact (SHAM), vehicle treated OVX animals and those substituted with 17β-estradiol (2 μg kg⁻¹ b.wt d⁻¹) (E₂), served as controls.     

RANKL/OPG比值变化在根尖肉芽肿骨质破坏中的意义

目的 检测核因子kappa B受体活化因子配体（RANKL）和骨保护素（OPG）的蛋白表达,探讨RANKL/OPG比值在根尖肉芽肿骨质破坏中的意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学技术检测30例慢性根尖肉芽肿和10例健康牙周膜组织中RANKL和OPG的表达.分析RANKL/OPG比值与炎症浸润、骨质破坏及临床症状之间的关系.结果 与正常对照组相比,根尖肉芽肿病损组织中的RANKL蛋白表达和RANKL/OPG比值显著升高（P＜0.05）.RANKL和OPG的蛋白表达无相关性（P＞0.05）.与小病损相比,RANKL/OPG比值在大病损中显著升高（P＜0.05）.RANKL/OPG比值与病损炎症浸润程度和有无临床症状均无关（P＞0.05）.结论 RANKL/OPG比值与根尖肉芽肿的病损大小密切相关,提示RANKL和OPG在根尖肉芽肿骨质破坏进程中发挥重要作用.     

补肾健脾活血方对去卵巢大鼠BMP2/Smad信号通路的影响

目的:研究补肾健脾活血方对去卵巢大鼠骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP2)/Smad信号通路的影响。方法:72只6月龄雌性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组(24只),手术组(48只),双侧卵巢切除法造模,术后3个月两组各随机选取12只检测骨密度验证造模成功。手术组剩余的36只大鼠随机分为双侧卵巢切除模型组(OVX),补肾健脾活血方组(BSJPHX,给药剂量2.979 g·kg~(-1)),阿仑膦酸钠维D3片(Ⅱ)组(ALN,给药剂量1.02 mg·kg~(-1)),假手术组,OVX组给与等体积生理盐水灌胃。12周后处死各组大鼠,双能X射线法检测大鼠全身骨密度,生物力学试验进行胫骨三点弯曲试验,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测BMP2,Smad1,Runt相关转录因子2(Runx2),骨保护素(OPG)基因的表达,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测BMP2,p-Smad1,Runx2,OPG蛋白的表达。结果:造模3个月后,与假手术组比较,OVX组大鼠骨密度明显降低,最大载荷及刚度均降低,BMP2,Smad1,Runx2,OPG基因和蛋白表达水平显著降低(P0.05);给药3个月后,与OVX组比较,BSJPHX组,ALN组骨密度均明显增高,最大载荷及刚度均增加,能显著提高BMP2,Smad1,Runx2,OPG基因和蛋白表达水平(P0.05)。结论:补肾健脾活血方既能通过调控BMP2/Smad通路的信号转导,又能上调OPG的表达,这可能是补肾健脾活血方防治绝经后骨质疏松症的机制之一。     

VDR,RANKL and OPG polymorphisms as possible predisposing cofactors of postmenopausal osteoporosis: explorative study in Italian population

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PO) has a strong genetic component. Presently, the published evidence on the association between the main single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kb ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) and bone mass density (BMD) are scarce, mostly considering Italian population. This study sought to determine whether OPG (rs2073618), RANKL (rs9525641) and the VDR (rs2228570) SNPs were associated with BMD in a sample of 139 North-Italian postmenopausal women. The allelic distribution of rs9525641 in women with PO or osteopenia (OP?+?OPE group) differed from controls (p?p?相似文献