门静脉高压症猪肺血管的结构重建及临床意义

目的:探讨门静脉高压症猪肺血管形态结构重建的特点。方法:采用健康2月龄湖北白猪14头,随机分为正常对照组和实验组,用四氯化碳建立门静脉高压症模型。取肺动脉和肺静脉,横断切片。用Pilloridine和Cy3-IgG分别染胶原纤维和平滑肌,弹性纤维自发荧光。在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察,用计算机图像分析系统测量各结构成分的相对含量。结果:与正常对照组相比,门静脉高压猪肺血管壁中胶原纤维、平滑肌的相对含量及胶原纤维与弹性纤维的比值(C/E)均增大,弹性纤维则减少。结论:门静脉高压时,猪肺血管的形态结构可发生重建,表现为胶原纤维增加,弹性纤维减少,导致C/E值的改变。肝肺联合移植时,移植材料间的结构成分的差异也应引起关注。     

人与猪升主动脉、肺动脉干零应力状态的比较研究

目的 :比较人与猪升主动脉、肺动脉干零应力状态。方法 :取 5例人和 42例不同月龄猪的升主动脉、肺动脉干 ,沿其轴向均分为 5个等长的血管环 ,再沿径向剪开各血管环 ,2 0min后由计算机记录并测量各血管环的零应力状态张开角。结果 :人升主动脉的张开角从近侧端的 10 0 .4°± 12 .8°增至远侧端的15 2 .8°± 18.6° ,各月龄猪升主动脉张开角从近侧端的 68°左右增至远侧端的 13 0°左右 ;人肺动脉干张开角沿轴向无明显变化 ,各月龄猪肺动脉干的张开角从近侧端的 65°左右增至远侧端的 12 5°左右 ,猪升主动脉、肺动脉干的张开角不随年龄增加而发生显著变化。结论 :人和猪升主动脉、肺动脉干零应力状态张开角存在一定差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但在某些区段二者相应动脉的张开角相近 ;猪受试血管的张开角无明显年龄性变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

腰骶段椎间盘与相应椎体的应用解剖

目的　为临床诊断椎间盘疾患提供参数。方法　对 31例正常男性脊柱第 1腰椎至第 1骶椎间 15 5个椎间盘及其相应的 186个椎体上下面的矢径、横径、斜径进行了测量和比较 ,同时对其周围毗邻结构进行了观察。结果　椎间盘各径均大于其相应椎体各径 ,且自上而下逐渐增大 ,获得了腰骶段周围毗邻结构的观察结果。结论　提示结果与各椎骨间所负体重逐渐增加相适应 ,为临床应用提供解剖学依据     

Colnparison of Morphology and Microstructurai Components of Hepatic Portal Vein between Human and Pig

Summary： In order to provide morphological data and theoretical basis for pig-to-human hepatic xenotransplantation, the difference in morphological parameters and vessel wall structural factors between human and porcine hepatic portal vein was studied. From human subjects and pigs of varying ages, hepatic portal veins were collected, paraffin-embedded and cut into sections. The histological structures were stained with HE, and elastin, collagen and smooth muscles were stained with Weigert, Aniline blue and orange G, respectively. Morphological parameters and relative contents of structural components were determined under microscopy and by computer image analysis system, respectively. The results showed that histological structures of human and porcine hepatic portal vein wall were similar. Caliber, wall thickness, lumen and wall area in pigs increased with age, all in linear correlation to months. Morphological parameters of 6-month-old pigs were similar to those of human. In pigs, collagen content increased gradually with months, elastin content remained relatively stable, smooth muscle content reached the peak at the 3rd month, and collagen/elastin （C/E） rose gradually. The contents of collagen and elastin in porcine hepatic portal vein wall were lower, while the content of smooth muscle was higher than in human, and C/E at the 5th and 6th month was similar to that in human. It is concluded that morphological parameters and contents of structural components of porcine hepatic portal vein vary with age. At the 6 month, its caliber, wall thickness, lumen and wall area are similar to those of human. There are differences in contents of structural components between human and pigs. However, in terms of C/E, mechanic properties of pigs at the 5th and 6th month mimic those of human, hence inosculation is viable in xenotransplantation between pigs and human.     

乙状窦后手术入路的应用解剖学

对３２个颅骨（６４例）乙状窦后区进行了观测，并以星点、颞枕线、乳突前后缘为参考点，描述了该区域的体表投影。观测结果提示乙状窦后手术入路在颞枕线上距星点下方１．８４ｃｍ，距乳突前垂直线（相当于耳后沟）２．２ｃｍ左右的范围内钻孔，既能充分暴露视野，也比较安全，可避免损伤乙状窦。     

猪肝门静脉生物力学特性的增龄性变化

目的研究猪肝门静脉的生物力学特性与月龄间的关系，为猪→人异种肝移植提供力学资料。方法 取不同月龄猪肝门静脉，利用软组织力学试验机测量压力-直径关系数据，推导出其弹性模量和顺应性。结果 猪肝门静脉的弹性模量随猪的月龄的增大和血管内压力的升高而增大；顺应性则随猪的月龄的增大而下降。结论 猪肝门静脉的力学特性随增龄发生变化，在实施猪→人异种肝移植时应选择与人肝门静脉力学特性相匹配的月龄猪作为供体。     

椎管腰段CT应用解剖研究

在经弓根上１／３、弓根上缘的ＣＴ扫描图像上，对１１１个正常腰椎（男７８个，女３３个）椎体及参与构成椎管的后部结构进行了１４项指标的测量，并选用１０种指数反映它们的比例关系。通过分析发现从腰１到腰５，某些测量均值和指数均值的变化与该椎骨负重大小，距重力线远近及脊柱生理曲度有一定关系。并对腰椎椎管疾患的诊断标准进行了探讨     

经颈静脉肝内门腔分流术的解剖学基础

经颈静脉肝内门腔分流术(transjugular intralepatic portosystemic shunt，TIPS)是近几年来应用于临床的一项新的介入技术，是治疗肝硬化并食管静脉曲张破裂或顽固性腹水的有效手段。其主要操作步骤包括两个方面；(1)选择性肠系膜上动脉插管门静脉造影。主要了解门静脉主干的解剖位置，有无血栓形成及血流方向等。(2)经颈静脉肝内分流道开辟。经颈静脉测量右心房和肝静脉的压力后，选择好穿刺点进行穿刺。     

脊柱下腰段椎间盘的CT解剖

在３６幅经椎间盘中心平面的ＣＴ横切扫描图像上，对下腰段８２个正常椎间盘（男４９个，女３３个）及后方之硬膜囊，椎管的矢径，横径和面积进行了测量，通过与４０个（男２７个，女１３个），椎间盘膨隆断面各项指数的比较分析，发现硬膜囊面积／椎间盘面积，硬膜囊矢径／椎间盘矢径及椎管矢径／椎间盘矢径等三个指数在椎间盘退行性变的诊断中有一定参考价值。