颈动脉壁结构变化与心脑血管事件关系的研究

目的研究老年人颈动脉血管壁结构变化与心脑血管事件的关系。方法采用高分辨率彩色多普勒超声仪,对255例老年疗养干部颈动脉结构进行超声检测和临床观察,并将心脑血管疾病组患者的血管壁结构、血流动力学参数及临床检测结果与对照组作比较。结果心脑血管疾病组老人颈部血管硬化指标IMT、PI、R I以及脂质代谢指标TG、HDL等显著大于对照组(P<0.05),Vs、Vd显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论颈动脉超声检测对于评估和防治心脑血管疾病有重要临床价值。     

Mimicking of cerebral autoregulation by flow-dependent cerebrovascular resistance: a feasibility study

Understanding circulatory autoregulation is essential for improving physiological control of rotary blood pumps and support conditions during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Cerebral autoregulation (CAR), arguably the most critical, is the body's intrinsic ability to maintain sufficient cerebral blood flow (CBF) despite changes in aortic perfusion pressure. It is therefore imperative to include this mechanism into computational fluid dynamics (CFD), particle image velocimetry (PIV), or mock circulation loop (MCL) studies. Without such inclusions, potential losses of CBF are overestimated. In this study, a mathematical model to mimic CAR is implemented in a MCL‐ and PIV‐validated CFD model. A three‐dimensional model of the human vascular system was created from magnetic resonance imaging records. Numerical flow simulations were performed for physiological conditions and CPB. The inlet flow was varied between 4.5 and 6 L/min. Arterial outlets were modeled using vessel‐specific, flow‐dependent cerebrovascular resistances (CVRs), resulting in a variation of the pressure drop between 0 and 80 mm Hg. CBF is highly dependent on the level of CAR during CPB. By varying the CVR parameters up to the beginning of plateau phase, it can be regulated between 0 and 80% of physiological CBF. So while implementing autoregulation, CBF remains unchanged during a simulated native cardiac output of 5 L/min or CPB support of 6 L/min. Neglecting CAR, constant backflow from the brain occurs for some cannula positions. Using flow‐dependent CVR, CBF returns to its baseline at a rate of recovery of 0.25 s. Results demonstrate that modeling of CAR by flow‐dependent CVR delivers feasible results. The presented method can be used to optimize physiological control of assist devices dependent upon different levels of CAR representing different patients.     

三高对年轻人脑血管意外的影响及临床分析

目的:探讨高血压、高血脂、高血糖对45岁以下年轻人脑血管意外发生发展的影响。方法:回顾某医院收治的50例45岁以下年轻人继发性脑血管意外患者,采用198例同时期入院的单纯轻型颅脑外伤对照,分析年轻人的高血压、高脂血症、高血糖与脑血管意外的发生之间的关系,并分析其临床特点、预后及对策。结果:50例脑血管意外患者病例均随访3个月,根据GOS评分,Ⅴ级31例,Ⅳ级12例,Ⅲ级5例,Ⅱ级2例,无1例死亡。其分布在脑血管意外组和正常对照组的差异有显著性。结论:高血压以及高脂血症合并糖尿病是年轻人发生脑血管意外的高危因素。     

Neuromuscular electric stimulation effect on lower-extremity motor recovery and gait kinematics of patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of neuromuscular electric stimulation (NMES) of the tibialis anterior muscle on motor recovery and gait kinematics of patients with stroke. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded trial. SETTING: Rehabilitation ward and gait laboratory of a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 25 consecutive inpatients with stroke (mean age, 55y), all within 6 months poststroke and without volitional ankle dorsiflexion. INTERVENTION: Both the NMES group (n=12) and the control group (n=13) participated in a conventional stroke rehabilitation program, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The NMES group also received 10 minutes of NMES to the tibialis anterior muscle of the paretic limb. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Brunnstrom stages of motor recovery and kinematic characteristics of gait. RESULTS: Brunnstrom stages improved significantly in both groups (P<.05). In total, 58% of the NMES group and 61% of the control group gained voluntary ankle dorsiflexion. Between-group difference of percentage change was not significant (P>.05). Gait kinematics was improved in both groups, but the difference between groups was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: NMES of the tibialis anterior muscle combined with a conventional stroke rehabilitation program was not superior to a conventional stroke rehabilitation program alone, in terms of lower-extremity motor recovery and gait kinematics.     

脑血管病患者出现口腔黏膜病的调查分析

目的 调查脑血管病患者出现口腔黏膜异常的患病情况。方法 对182名脑血管病患者和166名对照进行口腔黏膜疾病的检查,比较2组间口腔黏膜疾病的患病率。结果 脑血管病患者中检出口腔黏膜病的比率要高于对照组,最常见的是口腔念珠菌病11.1%（20/182）,其次是沟纹舌5.0Study on the oral mucosal diseases in patients with cerebrovascular diseases%（9/182）、创伤性溃疡2.8%（5/182）、唇疱疹2.2%（4/182）、复发性口腔溃疡1.6%（3/182）、慢性唇炎1.6%（3/182）、白色角化症1.6%（3/182）等。结论 脑血管病患者容易出现口腔黏膜病,尤其是口腔念珠菌病,需要防范其发生和发展。     

Changes in ischemic stroke occurrence following daylight saving time transitions

BackgroundCircadian rhythm disruption has been associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS). Daylight saving time (DST) transitions disrupt circadian rhythms and shifts the pattern of diurnal variation in stroke onset, but effects on the incidence of IS are unknown.MethodsEffects of 2004–2013 DST transitions on IS hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality were studied nationwide in Finland. Hospitalizations during the week following DST transition (study group, n = 3033) were compared to expected hospitalizations (control group, n = 11,801), calculated as the mean occurrence during two weeks prior to and two weeks after the index week.ResultsHospitalizations for IS increased during the first two days (Relative Risk 1.08; CI 1.01–1.15, P = 0.020) after transition, but difference was diluted when observing the whole week (RR 1.03; 0.99–1.06; P = 0.069). Weekday-specific increase was observed on the second day (Monday; RR 1.09; CI 1.00–1.90; P = 0.023) and fifth day (Thursday; RR 1.11; CI 1.01–1.21; P = 0.016) after transition. Women were more susceptible than men to temporal changes during the week after DST transitions. Advanced age (>65 years) (RR 1.20; CI 1.04–1.38; P = 0.020) was associated with increased risk during the first two days, and malignancy (RR 1.25; CI 1.00–1.56; P = 0.047) during the week after DST transition.ConclusionsDST transitions appear to be associated with an increase in IS hospitalizations during the first two days after transitions but not during the entire following week. Susceptibility to effects of DST transitions on occurrence of ischemic stroke may be modulated by gender, age and malignant comorbidities.     

急性脑梗死患者脑血管异常与CT灌注成像参数的关联性研究

目的：探讨急性脑梗死患者脑血管异常与 CT 灌注成像（CTP）参数的相关性及其对临床预后的影响。方法临床纳入发病6 h 内颈内动脉系统急性脑梗死患者45例,所有患者均接受 CT 平扫、CTP 及 CT 血管造影（CTA）,分析 CTP 各个参数并评估患侧大血管情况。以血管情况分为血管正常组（17例）、血管狭窄组（10例）和血管闭塞组（18例）。另外,发病时、发病14 d 、发病90 d 分别采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）、Barthel 指数（BI）、改良 Rankin 量表（mRS）评估患者的临床神经功能缺损、日常生活能力以及预后功能残疾水平。结果 CTA 检查显示：血管大致正常者17例,大脑中动脉狭窄者6例,大脑中动脉闭塞者8例,颈内动脉狭窄者4 例,颈内动脉闭塞者10例。3组患者在缺血区脑血流（CBF）面积、脑血容量（CBV）面积、梗死区相对 CBF（rCBF）、梗死区相对 CBV（rCBV）、局部灌注达峰时间（TTP）面积方面比较差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）;其中血管闭塞组以上参数均差于血管正常组,血管狭窄组仅 CBF 面积高于正常组,血管狭窄组与血管闭塞组比较,CBF 面积、CBV 面积、TTP 面积均较小,差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。发病时,各组间患者仅 NIHSS 评分差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,血管正常组 NIHSS 评分明显低于血管狭窄组及血管闭塞组（P ＜0．05）。发病后14 d 、90 d ,各组患者 NIHSS 、BI 、mRS 评分差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,血管正常组各项评分均明显优于血管闭塞组（P ＜0．05）。结论急性脑梗死患者病灶侧血管异常与 CTP 显示的缺血范围存在密切的联系,能够作为患者临床预后的一个客观指标。     

偏头痛患者伴发心脏卵圆孔未闭脑血管反应性研究

目的探讨心脏卵圆孔未闭(patent foramen ovale,PFO)与偏头痛的相关性,以及偏头痛伴发PFO患者的脑血管反应性差异。方法利用经颅多普勒超声声学造影(contrast transcranial Doppler,cTCD)及经颅多普勒超声(transcranial Doppler,TCD)屏气实验检查,对照分析西安交通大学第一附属医院神经内科2013-03-2013-10 62例偏头痛患者与43例正常志愿者,伴发PFO结果和脑血管反应性。结果偏头痛组PFO阳性率明显高于正常对照组(51.61%vs 27.91%,P=0.015),PFO阳性的偏头痛患者头痛侧大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)屏气指数(breath holding index,BHI)值明显低于PFO阴性患者(0.82±0.58vs 1.34±0.72,P=0.013)。结果偏头痛与PFO共患率高,偏头痛伴发PFO患者头痛侧脑血管反应性降低。     

他汀类药物对急性缺血性卒中预后影响的临床研究

目的 评估发病前使用他汀类药物对急性缺血性卒中发病时症状严重程度及出院时功能转归的影响.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至10月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院神经内科住院治疗的185例急性缺血性卒中患者的临床资料,依据发病前是否已使用他汀类药物分为他汀治疗组(57例)与非他汀治疗组(128例),对比两组的一般资料、血管危险因素、牛津郡临床分型、入院时美国国立卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、治疗方法、出院时Barthel指数等.结果 他汀治疗组入院时NIHSS评分低于非他汀治疗组(6.0对13.0,P＜0.01),出院时功能转归良好病例百分比高于非他汀治疗组(77.2%对41.1%,P＜0.01).非他汀治疗组中服用抗血小板药物者与未合并用药者比较,入院时NIHSS评分和出院时达到功能转归良好的病例百分比差异均有显著性意义(P均＜0.05).出院时功能转归良好与发病前使用他汀类药物相关(OR=5.784,P＜0.01).结论 发病前使用他汀类药物能减轻急性缺血性卒中症状及改善出院时功能转归.     

尿微量清蛋白与脑卒中的相关性

目的:观察脑卒中患者尿微量清蛋白的水平,探讨其与脑卒中发生的关系。方法:采用ELISA的方法检测了来自全国7个临床中心病例对照的尿微量清蛋白水平。1890例脑卒中患者经头颅CT或核磁共振检查证实(其中缺血性脑梗死854例,腔隙性脑梗死528例,脑出血508例),1595例性别、年龄匹配的对照组经严格检查排除脑卒中。结果:缺血性脑梗死组和脑出血组的尿微量清蛋白水平分别为(13.26±17.28)和(14.14±15.93)mg/L,明显高于对照组(10.34±11.33)mg/L(P<0.01);腔隙性脑梗死组的尿微量清蛋白水平(10.25±11.18)mg/L,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示:在调整了其他脑血管病危险因素后,尿微量清蛋白330 mg L者发生缺血性脑梗死(OR=1.6,95%的可信区间1.073-2.268,P< 0.05)和脑出血(OR=1.7,95%的可信区间1.054-2.650,P<0.05)的危险性增加;尿微量清蛋白异常与腔隙性脑梗死的关系无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:尿微量清蛋白水平与脑卒中发生的关系密切,是脑卒中独立的危险因素。