Cross-Cultural Reliability of an Arabic Version of the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale in Arab Patients with Diabetes mellitus

IntroductionArab nations have the second highest diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence in the world. There is a growing interest in self-management programs that emphasize patient’s central role in managing type 2 DM.Aim of the studyTo validate an Arabic version of the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale (SEM6S) among Arab type 2 DM patients and to explore factors associated with self-efficacy measured with the SEM6S.MethodsCross-sectional study on 302 Arab patients with T2DM of three different nationalities (Egyptian, Saudi, Kuwaiti).The SEM6S was translated using forward–backward method, and its reliability was determined by calculating Cronbach’s alpha. A regression model was used to examine variables associated with self-efficacy in Arab patients with T2DM.ResultsQuestionnaire was successfully translated without language or content-related problem. The mean age of participants was 47.71 ± 14.7 years with equally represented sexes. The mean total score of the SEM6S was 5.99 ± 1.86. The scale psychometric properties was reproducible (ICC = 0.61–0.71) with good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.79). Statistically significant increase in self-efficacy was observed in patients <30 years, uncomplicated DM, DM with hypertension, and in patients who had physical activity > 60 min per day. Also, a bimodal increase in self-efficacy was detected in patients with DM < 5 years and 10.1-15 years. After regression analysis, physical activity was significantly positively correlated with self-efficacy (β = 0.8, P = 0.01), and duration of diabetes was significantly negatively correlated with self-efficacy (β = -0.23, P = 0.03).ConclusionArabic SEM6S is acceptable, reliable and repeatable metric for self-efficacy.     

基于动机谈话技术的社区糖调节受损者干预效果评价

目的评价动机谈话技术对社区糖调节受损(IGR)者自我效能、血糖等代谢指标的干预效果。方法采用自身前后对照研究,对某社区卫生服务中心所管理的81例IGR者进行6个月的动机访谈。比较干预前后IGR者饮食、运动、自我监测方面的自我效能得分、血糖水平以及其他代谢指标的变化。结果与干预前相比,IGR者各项目的自我效能得分均提高(P值均0.01);干预后IGR者的血糖、BMI、血压及TG平均水平较干预前均下降,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。结论动机谈话技术在社区慢性病管理中具有一定的应用价值。     

How can self-efficacy be increased? Meta-analysis of dietary interventions

Targeting individuals' beliefs that they are able to eat healthily can improve dietary-related behaviours. However, the most effective behaviour change techniques (BCTs) to promote dietary self-efficacy have not been systematically reviewed. This research addressed this gap. Studies testing the effect of interventions on healthy eating and underlying dietary-related self-efficacy, within randomised controlled trials, were systematically reviewed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and PSYCINFO. Two reviewers independently coded intervention content in both intervention and comparison groups. Data pertaining to study quality were also extracted. Random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate an overall effect size on dietary self-efficacy for each study. The associations between 26 BCTs and self-efficacy effects were calculated using meta-regression. In some of the analyses, interventions that incorporated self-monitoring (tracking one's own food-related behaviour), provided feedback on performance, prompted review of behavioural goals, provided contingent rewards (rewarding diet success), or planned for social support/social change increased dietary self-efficacy significantly more than interventions that did not. Stress management was consistently associated with self-efficacy effects across all analyses. There was strong evidence for stress management and weaker evidence for a number of other BCTs. The findings can be used to develop more effective, theory- and evidence-based behavioural interventions.     

The effects of scenario-based communication training on nurses’ communication competence and self-efficacy and myocardial infarction knowledge

Objective

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of a simulated communication training course on nurses’ communication competence, self-efficacy, communication performance, myocardial infarction knowledge, and general satisfaction with their learning experience.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted with a pre-test and two post-tests. The experimental group underwent simulated communication training course and the control group received a case-based communication training course.

Results

The experimental group made more significant improvement in competence and self-efficacy in communication from pre-test to the second post-test than the control group. Although both groups’ satisfaction with their learning experience significantly increased from the first post-test to the second post-test, the experimental group was found to be more satisfied with their learning experience than the control group. No significant differences in communication performance and myocardial infarction knowledge between the two groups were identified.

Conclusion

Scenario-based communication training can be more fully incorporated into in-service education for nurses to boost their competence and self-efficacy in communication and enhance their communication performance in myocardial infarction patient care.

Practice implications

Introduction of real-life communication scenarios through multimedia in communication education could make learners more motivated to practice communication, hence leading to improved communication capacity.     

以患者为中心的系统化健康教育在围绝经期及绝经后骨质疏松症患者中的运用

目的:探讨以患者为中心的系统化健康教育对围绝经期及绝经后骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)患者骨质疏松知识、自我效能及骨密度的影响.方法:将156名围绝经期及绝经后OP患者按照计算机产生的随机数字分为观察组和对照组,对照组实施常规的健康教育,观察组以患者为中心的系统化健康教育方案,收集并比较两组在干预前及干预6个月后的骨质疏松知识(osteoporosisknowledge tests,OKT)、骨质疏松自我效能(osteoporosis self-efficacy scale,OSES)及骨密度的变化情况.结果:干预后两组在骨质疏松知识总分及各维度得分、骨质疏松自我效能总分及各维度得分、L1～L4及左股骨的骨密度均较干预前明显提升,且观察组在上述各项目的数值均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:实施以患者为中心的系统化健康教育可明显提升围绝经期及绝经后OP患者对疾病的认识水平、应对疾病的自我效能以及骨密度水平,对于预防骨折及改善生命质量具有积极的促进意义.     

冠心病患者自我管理行为现况及其预测因子分析

目的了解冠心病患者的自我管理行为现况,并探讨冠心病患者的疾病知识水平、自我效能、社会支持对自我管理行为改变的预测程度.方法采用横断面调查,以目的抽样法选择符合纳入标准的冠心病患者195例,采用冠心病知识问卷、冠心病自我效能量表、慢性疾病资源简表、健康促进生活方式评定量表分别测定患者的冠心病知识水平、自我效能程度、社会支...     

医学生焦虑情绪与一般自我效能感及应对方式的关系研究

目的 调查医学生焦虑情绪状况及其与自我效能感和应对方式的关系,为提高医学生心理健康教育工作质量提供依据.方法 采用分层抽样的方法,随机抽取440名医学生为研究对象进行问卷调查和心理测评,测评工具包括焦虑自评量表(SAS)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、应对方式量表(CSS).结果 医学生高焦虑水平的发生率为17.5%,焦虑水平在性别、年级及不同专业间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).焦虑与自责、幻想、退避、合理化4个因子呈正相关,焦虑与自我效能、解决问题呈负相关(P＜0.05).自责、解决问题、合理化、求助4个变量是焦虑情绪的有效预测因素,联合解释焦虑情绪总变异的14.6%.结论 应根据医学生焦虑情绪的状况及影响因素,采取针对性的健康教育和心理干预,预防和降低焦虑问题的发生率.     

留守青少年自主学习与学习归因、学习自我效能感的关系

目的通过了解留守青少年自主学习与学习归因、学习自我效能感的关系,帮助留守青少年克服心理障碍,树立学习信心,提高学习能力。方法使用自主学习问卷、学习归因与学习自我效能感问卷对两所农村中学的526名留守青少年进行调查。结果①留守青少年学习自我效能感居于中间水平之上,而自主学习、学习归因居于中间水平之下;②女留守青少年内部可控、学习自我效能感总分(3.39±0.80,3.07±0.63)高于男留守青少年(3.18±0.80,2.94±0.73);非独生留守青少年自主学习总分、内部可控、学习自我效能感总分(2.68±0.44,3.35±0.80,3.06±0.66)高于独生留守青少年(2.53±0.52,3.12±0.75,2.89±0.70);班干部留守青少年自主学习总分、学习自我效能感总分(2.75±0.46,3.15±0.69)高于非班干部留守青少年(2.60±0.46,2.96±0.65);③留守青少年自主学习与学习归因各因素、学习自我效能感各因素之间存在正相关(P<0.001)。结论留守青少年的学习归因、学习自我效能感对自主学习具有一定影响。