Eating self-efficacy as predictor of long-term weight loss and obesity-specific quality of life after sleeve gastrectomy: A prospective cohort study

Background

A person's confidence to control eating, eating self-efficacy (ESE), has been identified as a target for long-term weight management in nonsurgical weight loss interventions, but has to a limited extent been studied after bariatric surgery.

Maternal self-efficacy,postpartum depression,and their relationship with functional status in Iranian mothers

ABSTRACT

Readiness to care for family, infant, and self are important during the postpartum period. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships of self-efficacy and postpartum depressive symptoms with functional status in randomly sampled Iranian mothers (n = 437). The study was cross-sectional and conducted in 2015. The mean (SD) of the total functional status score was 2.3 (0.2) out of a possible score of 1–4. The maximum and minimum scores in infant care were 4.0 and 2.2 and, in social and community activity, levels were 3.5 and 1.0, respectively. Significant inverse correlations were observed between postpartum depressive symptoms and total scores for functional status, self-care, and levels of social and community activity. A significant positive relationship was observed between self-efficacy and functional status and all of its subscales. In the multivariate linear regression model, postpartum depressive symptoms, nulliparity, and low income were significantly negatively related with functional status; maternal self-efficacy, having a spouse aged 26–35 years, high school diploma, lower educational level, and the spouse’s job (shopkeeper) were significantly positively correlated with functional status. Early diagnosis and treatment of depressive symptoms and promotion of maternal self-efficacy may improve overall functional status of mothers in the postpartum.     

基于跨理论模型协同护理模式在急性心肌梗死介入治疗病人中的应用

目的:探讨基于跨理论模型(TTM)协同护理模式在急性心肌梗死(AMI)介入治疗病人中的应用效果。方法:根据随机数字表法将2018年6月—2019年6月收治的88例AMI介入治疗病人分为观察组及对照组各44例,对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施基于TTM的协同护理模式。比较两组干预前及干预6个月后自我效能、疾病管理能力及生活质量改善情况,记录两组不良心脏事件发生率、再入院率及治疗依从率。结果:两组病人干预后自我效能、疾病管理能力、西雅图心绞痛量表(SAQ)总评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组病人不良心脏事件发生率(2.27%)、再入院率(4.54%)低于对照组的18.18%、20.45%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组病人用药依从率、生活方式管理依从率分别为97.73%和95.45%,高于对照组的75.00%和72.73%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于TTM协同护理模式能有效改善AMI介入治疗病人自我效能,提高病人遵医行为及疾病管理能力,减少不良心脏事件的发生,改善病人生活质量。     

Effects of Individualized Bone Density Feedback and Educational Interventions on Osteoporosis Knowledge and Self-Efficacy: A 12-Yr Prospective Study

This is 12-yr follow-up of a randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of bone density feedback and osteoporosis education on osteoporosis knowledge and self-efficacy. We examined the effects of feedback of bone density-defined fracture risk (high [T-score <0] vs normal [T-score ≥0] risk) and 2 different educational interventions (the group-based Osteoporosis Prevention and Self-Management Course [OPSMC] vs an osteoporosis leaflet) on osteoporosis knowledge and self-efficacy in women aged 25–44. Seventy-four percent (N = 347) of 470 participants at baseline participated at 12 yr. Overall, the scores were higher for osteoporosis knowledge but lower for self-efficacy at 12 yr. However, neither intervention had an effect on the change in knowledge (T-score, β = 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.3 to 1.1; OPSMC, β = 0.2, 95% CI = −0.5 to 0.9) or self-efficacy (T-score, β = −1.1, 95% CI = −2.5 to 0.4; OPSMC, β = −0.2, 95% CI = −1.6 to 1.3). Women in households with an unemployed main financial provider had a decrease in knowledge at 12 yr compared with those in households with an employed main financial provider in whom knowledge increased (β = −1.95, 95% CI = −3.40 to −0.50), but there were no other predictors of change identified for knowledge or self-efficacy. In conclusion, beneficial effects of both OPSMC and feedback of high fracture risk on osteoporosis knowledge seen previously at 2 yr were not sustained after 12 yr although overall knowledge was still significantly higher than at baseline. Neither intervention improved osteoporosis self-efficacy. More frequent osteoporosis education and bone density feedback may be required to maintain knowledge, and other approaches to improve self-efficacy are necessary.     

焦点解决取向团体辅导对改善大学生学业拖延的影响

目的探讨焦点解决取向的团体辅导对降低学业拖延,提升学业自我效能感的影响效果。方法对10名大学生进行6次团体辅导,采用学业拖延量表和学业自我效能问卷对实验组和对照组进行前后测,并对团体成员填写自编的自我评估表。结果经过团体辅导后,实验组在学业拖延和学业自我效能感上存在显著差异(t=9.181,-4.250;P0.001);干预后,实验组与对照组在学业拖延和学业自我效能感上存在显著差异(t=-8.946,6.409;P0.001)。结论团体辅导能有效提升大学生的学业自我效能感,减少学业拖延行为的产生。     

Depression,Self-efficacy,and Adherence in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Depression and self-efficacy can be major factors in treatment adherence for patients with type 2 diabetes. Fifty-five adults with diabetes completed a depression inventory, a self-efficacy questionnaire, and a diabetes self-care inventory. As depressive symptoms increased, self-efficacy decreased (P = .000). As depressive symptoms increased, participants reported following the appropriate diet (P = .020) and exercise (P = .034) recommendations less often. Participants with higher self-efficacy were less likely to smoke (P = .031), and were more likely to adhere to diet (P = .000) and exercise (P = .000). Interventions should be multifaceted to address various factors that affect diabetes adherence.     

Evaluation of an Intervention to Increase Self-Efficacy for Independent Exercise in Cardiac Rehabilitation

Adherence to independent exercise is an essential outcome of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), yet limited theory-based interventions to improve adherence exist. This study tested the effects of an intervention based on Bandura's conceptualization of self-efficacy. The self-efficacy coaching intervention (SCI), a supplement to standard care, was designed to increase self-efficacy for independent exercise and independent exercise behavior in CR. We examined whether the SCI vs. attention control (AC) resulted in improved exercise self-efficacy (ESE), barriers self-efficacy (BARSE), and minutes of independent exercise for CR participants (n = 65). While between-group differences did not reach significance (p > .10) for any of the outcome measures, significant within-group changes were noted in BARSE scores and independent exercise (p < .001) for the SCI group. Change in independent exercise for the AC group was also significant (p =. 006). Further study is needed to explore whether short-term changes translate into maintenance of independent exercise participation after program completion.     

园艺疗法对慢性精神分裂症患者糖脂代谢指标及自我效能的影响

目的 探讨园艺疗法在慢性精神分裂症患者中的应用效果。方法 选择本院2018年11月至2019年11月收治的慢性精神分裂症患者50例,按随机数字表法将其分为两组,各25例。两组均接受常规药物治疗,对照组给予常规院内活动干预,在此基础上,观察组实施园艺疗法干预,比较两组社会适应能力[住院精神病人康复疗效判定量表(IPROS)]及一般自我效能感量表(GSES)评分。结果 干预12周后,观察组IPROS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=11.367,P＜0.001);干预12周后,观察组GSES评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.729,P=0.009)。结论 对慢性精神分裂症患者应用园艺疗法,可有效提高自我效能,改善社会适应能力。     

Psychometric properties of coping and self-efficacy scales related to substance use in a sample of Iranian adolescents

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Persian version of self-efficacy and coping skill scales (CSE) which are relevant to substance use in Iranian adolescents. Method: The method included a forward–backward translation with face and content validity in the first step and the psychometric properties were evaluated in the second step. The study used reliability and construct validity in a cross-sectional survey, in three steps, including: item analysis, explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses in 720 adolescents, aged from 14 to 18 years old in Isfahan. Findings: In the first step, three items were excluded because of low CVI and one item was deleted due to low CITC. EFA in the cross-sectional study showed appropriate loading items and revealed an 18-item scale with four factors including: refusal self-efficacy, decision making, assertiveness and communication skills. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis represented an acceptable fitness (CMIN/DF?=?3.6, NFI?=?0.90, TLI?=?0.92, CFI?=?0.93, PNFI?=?0.76, RMSEA?=?0.06). Internal consistency was found from 0.68 to 0.89 for the four subscales. Conclusion: Overall, the results of these studies indicate that the Persian version of coping and self-efficacy appears to be a psychometrically robust instrument and could significantly predict substance use behaviour in Iranian adolescents.     

Psychological Constructs of Activity Readiness in High Functioning Elderly

Abstract

This study examined the relationship of activity readiness with self efficacy, perceived behavioral control, exercise attitudes, self-rated health, and selected demographic variables among high functioning, independent-living elderly. Four hundred seventy-one subjects, ranging in age from 62 to 93 years, were drawn from a popular retirement area and data were gathered through a self-report survey instrument. Subjects residing at no exercising readiness stages held negative self-efficacy, behavioral control, and attitudinal beliefs whereas regular exercisers held positive beliefs toward these constructs. Perceived behavioral control was most indicative of active lifestyle attainment, suggesting intervention strategies designed to initiate and maintain activity in the high functioning elderly focus on control belief cognitions.