Purpose: Numerous studies have reported a robust relationship between early phonological awareness (PA) and subsequent reading achievement, in addition to the critical role of the alphabetic principle in predicting and supporting later reading and spelling development. Given this association, there has been an increasing push to teach these skills to young children prior to word level reading and spelling instruction. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Cracking the Code (CtC) program with students aged 3;8–5;4. CtC is a teacher-implemented program, designed to explicitly target PA skills and alphabet knowledge.
Method: A pre-test post-test group design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. Four schools in metropolitan Western Australia were randomly assigned to either the control or experimental condition within a parallel groups design. The control group participated in an alternative program matched for duration and frequency, targeting semantics and grammar.
Result: The children in the experimental condition improved significantly more in PA, alphabet knowledge and non-word reading, and spelling after intervention than the control group.
Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that classroom-based, teacher-delivered PA and alphabet knowledge instruction can be effective for 3;8–5;4 year-olds. 相似文献
IntroductionSocial withdrawal can be problematic for adolescents, increasing the risk of poor self-efficacy, self-esteem, and academic achievement, and increased levels of depression and anxiety. This prospective study follows students across adolescence, investigating links between social withdrawal and two types of parenting hypothesized to impact or be reactive to changes in social withdrawal.MethodsAdolescent social withdrawal and parenting were assessed across seven years in a U.S. sample, beginning when students were in 6th grade and ending in 12th grade. The sample consisted of 534 adolescents (260 girls and 274 boys, 82% Euro- and 16% African-American). Social withdrawal was assessed in four grades using at least two informants (teachers, mothers, and/or adolescents). Mothers' and fathers' psychological control and monitoring-related knowledge were assessed by adolescents at two time points. A developmental cascade analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling to assess how withdrawal and control-related parenting impact each other transactionally over time. Analyses included a test for gender differences in the model.ResultsThe cascade model revealed that, controlling for previous levels of social withdrawal and parenting, earlier social withdrawal positively predicted psychological control and negatively predicted monitoring knowledge, and earlier parental psychological control—but not monitoring knowledge—predicted later social withdrawal. No adolescent gender differences were identified in the associations between social withdrawal and parental knowledge.ConclusionsThis study offers insight into the mechanisms by which adolescents become more or less withdrawn over time, and suggests psychological control as a point of psychoeducation or intervention for parents. 相似文献
IntroductionDrinking at levels beyond standard binge drinking thresholds poses particularly high risks to youth. Few studies have examined high-intensity drinking (HID; 10+ drinks in a row) in high school students and none have tested whether peer drunkenness and parental knowledge (e.g., about youth's whereabouts) distinguish between binge and high-intensity drinkers.MethodsWe used data from the Monitoring the Future study collected from nationally-representative samples of U.S. 10th graders (modal age 16 years old) in 2016–2018 (n = 14,824; 48.3% girls, 46.8% boys). We conducted multinomial logistic regression to examine odds of drinking at one of four mutually-exclusive levels: HID in the past 2 weeks, binge (5+) drinking in the past 2 weeks, any alcohol use in the past year, and no alcohol use in the past year.ResultsLow parental knowledge and peer drunkenness were both associated with higher odds of each drinking level, including HID vs. binge, binge vs. alcohol use, and alcohol use vs. no alcohol use. Boys had higher odds than girls of HID compared to binge drinking and of no alcohol use compared to alcohol use.ConclusionsParent and peer risk factors differentiate HID from other levels of drinking. 相似文献
[摘要] 目的 对发热伴血小板减少综合征(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, SFTS)的相关文献进行文献计量学和可视化分析,探寻近年来的研究现状、热点及趋势,为临床治疗和基础研究提供参考。方法?以Web of Science(WOS)核心合集和中国知网(China national knowledge infrastructure, CNKI)数据库为文献来源,检索2011年1月1日—2021年12月31日有关SFTS的文献,导入CiteSpace.5.7.R2软件,以国家、作者、文献共被引、关键词为节点进行可视化分析,并绘制相关图谱。结果?在WOS核心合集共检索到797篇文献,在CNKI数据库共检索到714篇文献。相关领域发文量总体呈上升趋势,中国发文量居首位,美国和日本之间机构合作密切。研究热点集中在发病机制、抗体、特异性治疗等领域。非结构蛋白、临床预后、血小板减少、SFTS感染的靶细胞等将是未来的研究重点。结论?国内外关于SFTS的研究逐渐成熟,新型布尼亚病毒、免疫功能、预后是研究重点,但是对SFTS发病机制和病毒受体尚不清楚,仍须进一步探索。 相似文献
AimTo investigate medical and nursing students’ education on hand hygiene, their attitude on hand hygiene education and how this education influences their hand hygiene knowledge and practices.BackgroundHospital-acquired infections are associated with prolonged hospitalisation and mortality. The most effective measure for their control is healthcare workers’ hand hygiene compliance. Since medical and nursing students constitute the future healthcare workers, our study focuses on them.DesignCross-sectional studyMethodsThis study was conducted during the academic year 2016–2017, using a modified World Health Organisation questionnaire. Our sample consisted of 132 medical and 111 nursing students from National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. In data analysis, the Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests were applied to compare differences in continuous variables and proportions in categorical variables, respectively. Knowledge and practices overall scores were calculated per student group. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the influence of potential confounders on these scores.ResultsWe found that 73.1% of medical and 98.2% of nursing students had received relevant education, which was reported as “only theoretical” by 77.4% of the former and as “hands-on and theoretical” by 88.1% of the latter group. Besides the risk of infection, knowledge acquired in lectures and trainer’s behaviour were also considered very influential factors shaping hand hygiene attitude in both groups. Overall, medical students reported better hand hygiene practices than nursing ones (69.9% and 59.7%, respectively; p < 0.001). The opposite finding was observed regarding their overall knowledge on hand hygiene (57.2% of medical versus 60.4% of nursing students, p = 0.04). The majority of students (86.6% of all participants; p < 0.001) supported the inclusion of compulsory hand hygiene education in their curriculum. Compulsory education and seminars were assessed as the most effective measures to increase hand hygiene compliance (71.4% of all students).ConclusionIn our study, medical students scored better in practices questions than nursing students; this did not apply for the knowledge score. The majority of students supported the inclusion of compulsory education on hand hygiene principles in their Departments’ curricula, highlighting compulsory education and seminars as the most effective measures to increase compliance with hand hygiene. 相似文献