雨季透析用水消毒方法及时间的改进

目的 保证雨季透析用水质量。方法 传统组采用1％甲醛对反渗机进行消毒；改进组分别对反渗机、贮水罐及供水管道进行分段消毒。比较两组消毒后细菌含量，并探讨时间与细菌含量的关系。结果 改进组反渗机出口水样细菌含量与传统组比较，差异无显著性意义，贮水罐出口与供水管出口水样中细菌含量均显著低于传统组（F＝17．21、11．60，均P＜0．01）；时间与各出口水样细菌含量呈显著正相关（r=0.897、0．886、0．870，均P＜0．01）。结论 雨季透析用水宜用分段消毒法，消毒间隔时间为1个月。     

Problems associated with use of the benzyloxymethyl protecting group for histidines Formaldehyde adducts formed during cleavage by hydrogen fluoride 1

The use of N^α-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-N^π benzyloxymethylhistidine in peptide synthesis resulted in significant levels of several different side products attributable to the generation of formaldehyde during the hydrogen fluoride cleavage reaction. Methylated impurities in a decapeptide were isolated and identified. These methylated impurities were attributed to the use of the benzyloxymethyl protecting group for the histidines, since the impurities did not form when the dinitrophenyl protecting group was used. Also, peptides containing benzyloxymethyl-protected histidines in addition to N-terminal cysteines quantitatively yielded their respective N-terminal thiazolidine derivatives upon isolation from standard hydrogen fluoride cleavage mixtures. Thiazolidine ring formation was circumvented by including in the cleavage reaction a formaldehyde scavenger such as cysteine hydrochloride or resorcinol.     

超声波与消毒剂协同杀菌作用的实验研究

试验表明超声波与洗必泰、新洁尔灭、过氧化氢、过氧乙酸及醛醇合剂对细菌芽胞具有协同杀灭作用。     

贯叶连翘提取物和盐酸赖氨酸复方的镇痛作用研究

目的:研究贯叶连翘提取物和盐酸赖氨酸复方(贯叶连翘提取物与盐酸赖氨酸以质量比2∶1配比,简称赖金丝)的镇痛抗炎作用。方法:采用小鼠醋酸扭体实验、甲醛实验和热板实验。结果:赖金丝125,250和500mg/kg灌胃能:①显著减少小鼠扭体次数,抑制率分别为29%,32%和54%。②显著抑制甲醛引起的第2时相疼痛反应,分别使小鼠舔脚时间缩短至(23±20),(18±22)和(12±19)s。③显著减轻甲醛所致小鼠足跖水肿,小鼠左右足重量差值较阴性对照组(34±15)减轻至(16±15),(18±12)和(15±6)mg。但不能抑制甲醛引起的第1时相疼痛反应和小鼠热板反应。结论:赖金丝在125～500mg/kg剂量范围内对炎症性疼痛效果显著,能抑制皮下注射甲醛引起的水肿,可能在外周抑制炎症过程的某个环节。     

甲醛对人脐静脉内皮细胞氧化损伤作用

目的 探讨甲醛对人脐静脉内皮细胞的损伤作用及可能机制。方法 将人脐静脉内皮细胞暴露于不同浓度甲醛（0、5、10、20、40、80μmol／L）下；同时以过氧化氢为阳性对照组，抗氧化药物维生素C为保护组。24h后通过MTT比色法检测细胞生长抑制率，硫代巴比妥酸比色法检测丙二醛含量，观察甲醛是否对内皮细胞具有损伤作用及维生素C对甲醛损伤的内皮细胞是否具有保护作用。结果 甲醛能抑制细胞的生长活性，细胞生长抑制率随甲醛浓度的增加而增加；甲醛诱导细胞外丙二醛的生成，且其含量随甲醛浓度的增加而增加。维生素C能降低甲醛对内皮细胞的生长抑制率，降低细胞外MDA含量。结论 甲醛能诱导内皮细胞产生损伤作用，这种作用与其增加内皮细胞产生过多的脂质过氧化物有关。抗氧化刺维生素C能减轻甲醛对内皮细胞的氧化损伤。     

桉树叶对无菌室空气消毒效果的研究

目的观察桉树叶 (小叶桉 )熏蒸法对无菌室空气消毒的效果。方法以桉树叶熏蒸法与甲醛熏蒸和空气洁净器两种消毒方法对无菌室空气消毒比较 ,桉树叶熏蒸按 0 5kg/m3 用量 ,关闭门窗 1 2h ;甲醛熏蒸 ,按 4 0ml/m3 用量 ,关闭门窗 1 2h ;空气洁净器开机 2h消毒。消毒前、后 2次空气采样 ,进行细菌计数。结果 3种消毒方法消毒前、后比较 ,P <0 0 1 ,差别有高度显著性意义。 3种方法消毒后 ,细菌总数均在 87cfu/m3 以下。结论桉树叶对空气消毒效果良好 ,可作为空气消毒剂。     

Inactivated or damaged? Comparing the effect of inactivation methods on influenza virions to optimize vaccine production

The vast majority of commercially available inactivated influenza vaccines are produced from egg-grown or cell-grown live influenza virus. The first step in the production process is virus inactivation with β-propiolactone (BPL) or formaldehyde (FA). Recommendations for production of inactivated vaccines merely define the maximal concentration for both reagents, leaving the optimization of the process to the manufacturers. We assessed the effect of inactivation with BPL and FA on 5 different influenza virus strains. The properties of the viral formulation, such as successful inactivation, preservation of hemagglutinin (HA) binding ability, fusion capacity and the potential to stimulate a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) reporter cell line were then assessed and compared to the properties of the untreated virus. Inactivation with BPL resulted in undetectable infectivity levels, while FA-treated virus retained very low infectious titers. Hemagglutination and fusion ability were highly affected by those treatments that conferred higher inactivation, with BPL-treated virus binding and fusing at a lower degree compared to FA-inactivated samples. On the other hand, BPL-inactivated virus induced higher levels of activation of TLR7 than FA-inactivated virus. The alterations caused by BPL or FA treatments were virus strain dependent. This data shows that the inactivation procedures should be tailored on the virus strain, and that many other elements beside the concentration of the inactivating agent, such as incubation time and temperature, buffer and virus concentration, have to be defined to achieve a functional product.     

Formaldehyde induces neurotoxicity to PC12 cells involving inhibition of paraoxonase-1 expression and activity

1. Formaldehyde (FA) has been found to cause toxicity to neurons. However, its neurotoxic mechanisms have not yet been clarified. Increasing evidence has shown that oxidative damage is one of the most critical effects of formaldehyde exposure. Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is a pivotal endogenous anti-oxidant. Thus, we hypothesized that FA-mediated downregulation of PON1 is associated with its neurotoxicity. 2. In the present work, we used PC12 cells to study the neurotoxicity of FA and explore whether PON-1 is implicated in FA-induced neurotoxicity. 3. We found that FA has potent cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on PC12 cells. FA induces an accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species along with downregulation of Bcl-2 expression, as well as increased cytochrome c release. FA significantly suppressed the expression and activity of PON-1 in PC12 cells. Furthermore, H(2)S, an endogenous anti-oxidant gas, antagonizes FA-induced cytotoxicity as well as 2-hydroxyquinoline, a specific inhibitor of PON-1, which also induces cytotoxicity to PC12 cells. 4. The results of the present study provide, for the first time, evidence that the inhibitory effect on PON-1 expression and activity is involved in the neurotoxicity of FA, and suggest a promising role of PON-1 as a novel therapeutic strategy for FA-mediated toxicity.     

甲醛急性染毒对性成熟期雄性大鼠睾丸支持细胞结构和功能的影响

目的探讨甲醛急性染毒对性成熟期雄性大鼠支持细胞结构和功能的影响。方法选用性成熟期健康SD雄性大鼠24只,随机分为甲醛染毒高[10mg／（kg·d）]、中[1mg／（kg·d）]、低[0．1mg／（kg·d）]剂量和对照组4组。腹腔注射染毒3d后,利用透射电镜观察支持细胞的超微结构,利用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）测定雄激素结合蛋白（ABP）mRNA的相对表达量。结果①染毒3d后,高剂量甲醛染毒组精子数与对照组相比显著下降（P〈0．05）;中、高剂量甲醛染毒组精子活动率与对照组相比显著下降（P〈0．05）而精子畸形率与对照组相比显著升高（P〈0．05）;②中、高剂量甲醛染毒组大鼠支持细胞线粒体空泡化、核染色质边集;③各剂量甲醛染毒组的ABPmRNA表达水平与对照组相比均有明显的差异（P〈0．05）。相关检验发现甲醛染毒剂量与ABPmRNA表达水平显著负相关（r=-0．896,P〈0．05）。结论对支持细胞结构和功能的影响可能是甲醛雄性生殖毒性的重要机制。 献标志码：A     

居室装修后室内空气污染及变化趋势

[目的]调查居室装修后的室内空气污染状况,分析甲醛及挥发性有机污染物浓度随时间推移的变化趋势。[方法]随机选择95户装修竣工时间分别为〈3个月、3个月～、6个月～、9个月～、12～24个月的居室作为装修组,20户装修时间超过5年的居室作为对照组,测定室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、（对、间、邻）二甲苯和乙苯浓度。[结果]装修组室内甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯的平均含量分别为0.139、0.163、0.294、0.325、0.152mg/m^3,均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）;各污染物的超标率在37.9%～80.0%,其中超标率最高的是甲醛。装修后3个月内甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯浓度较高,分别为0.297、0.391、0.535、0.594、0.454mg/m^3。3个月以后,室内污染物浓度逐渐降低,约于1年后下降到国家标准。[结论]居室装修可造成较严重的室内空气污染,随着竣工时间的延长,室内污染物浓度逐渐下降。