聚甲酚磺醛治疗宫颈炎100例

目的：评估聚甲酚磺醛对不同程度宫颈炎疗效。方法：宫颈炎轻、中、重度病人１００例，年龄３５ａ±ｓ７ａ。于月经干净后５ｄ，用３６％聚甲酚磺醛浓缩液１∶５稀释后，冲洗阴道、宫颈，再用浸有该药液纱布湿敷宫颈糜烂面，留置２０～３０ｍｉｎ，ｑｄ，２～３ｄ后阴道深部放入该药栓剂，ｑｏｄ，６次为一个疗程×２。结果：轻、中、重度宫颈炎的有效率分别为１００％（４０／４０），９６％（４４／４６）和７９％（１１／１４）。重度与轻、中度相比，Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５。结论：聚甲酚磺醛是治疗宫颈糜烂的有效药物，轻、中度疗效尤佳。     

The anti-IgE/anti-FcεRIα autoantibody network in allergic and autoimmune diseases

Basophil granulocytes and tissue mast cells and their mediators play a role in the pathogenesis of several immune and inflammatory disorders. Human basophils and mast cells (FcepsilonRI+ cells) can be activated through immunological interaction with the IgE-FcepsilonRI network. FcepsilonRI+ cells can be triggered by cross-linking between the Fab portions of IgE and multivalent antigens (direct anaphylaxis). 'Reverse type' anaphylaxis can occur through three distinct mechanisms: antibodies against the Fcepsilon portion of IgE (anti-IgE), antibodies against epitopes of the alpha chain of FcepsilonRI (anti-FcepsilonRIalpha) and anti-IgG acting on IgG-IgE complexes bound to FcepsilonRI. Anti-IgE autoantibodies are occasionally present even in normal donors and more frequently in a variety of allergic (chronic urticaria, atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma) and autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis). IgG anti-IgE from a small percentage of patients induces the release of mediators from human FcepsilonRI+ cells. Some of the anti-IgE autoantibodies present in allergic patients are non-anaphylactogenic, thus representing a possible protective mechanism preventing the association of IgE with FcepsilonRI. Anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoantibodies also occur in a significant percentage of patients of chronic urticaria and probably non-allergic asthma and some autoimmune diseases. Although anti-IgE and anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoantibodies, present in a percentage of patients with immune disorders, are relevant to the pathogenesis of these conditions, much remains to be learnt about their immunochemistry, their prevalence and precise role in various inflammatory diseases.     

Prospective study of respiratory effects of formaldehyde among healthy and asthmatic medical students

We conducted a prospective evaluation of pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms among 103 medical students exposed to formaldehyde over a 7-month period to determine the incidence of bronchoconstriction and respiratory symptoms in response to exposure. Time-weighted average formaldehyde exposures were generally less than 1 part per million (ppm) and peak exposures were less than 5 ppm. Acute symptoms of eye and upper respiratory irritation were significantly associated with exposure. There was no pattern of bronchoconstriction in response to exposure after either 2 weeks or 7 months. Twelve subjects had a history of asthma; they were no more likely to have symptoms of respiratory irritation or changes in pulmonary function than those without such a history. These findings are consistent with previous case reports that indicate exposure to formaldehyde vapor at levels that are commonly encountered in occupational and residential settings do not commonly cause significant bronchoconstriction, even among subjects with preexisting asthma.     

An examination of factors that could affect choice reaction time in histology technicians

Histology technicians exposed to formaldehyde and solvents have symptoms and objective evidence of neurobehavioral impairment of memory, judgment, and equilibrium. Because reaction time has been prolonged in many groups of workers exposed to toxicants, choice reaction time was measured in 385 female formaldehyde and solvent-exposed histology technicians, and 79 unexposed female laboratory workers. Choice reaction time to a visual stimulus (CRT) is defined, for the purpose of this study, as the time required for discriminated cancellation of two different letters on a microcomputer screen by pressing the matching keys. Initial analysis showed that increases in age, years of cigarette smoking, and hours per day of formaldehyde exposure significantly lengthened CRT, but xylene-toluene exposure had no effect. Since duration of smoking and length of daily formaldehyde exposure were age related, multiple linear regression analysis of CRT was performed using them as independent variables. Increasing age was the only significant factor in lengthening CRT. However, in these female histology technicians, the second measurement one year later was 44 msec faster (p less than .04). The reason for improved performance is unclear, but it may be an effect of training encompassing familiarity, improved attention, or learning.     

Mortality of U.S. Embalmers and funeral directors

The causes of mortality of 3,649 white and 397 non-white male U.S. embalmers and funeral directors, who had died between 1975 and 1985, were examined in a proportional mortality study. Non-significant excesses were found for malignancies of the buccal cavity and pharynx (PMR = 120) and for nasopharyngeal cancer (PMR = 216). No sinonasal cancers were observed, while 1.7 were expected. A statistically significant excess of colon cancer (PMR = 127) was found and a non-significant excess of brain and other CNS cancer was noted among whites only (PMR = 123). Statistically significant excesses of malignancies of the lymphatic and hematopoietic systems were found in whites (PMR = 131) and non-whites (PMR = 241). Myeloid leukemia (PMR = 157) and leukemia of other and unspecified cell types (PMR = 228) were in excess, while no excess of lymphatic leukemia was noted. Elevations in risk were also found for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis. Non-whites showed a marked excess of multiple myeloma (PMR = 369). Chronic nephritis was in excess among whites (PMR = 215) and non-whites (PMR = 257). No excess of cirrhosis of the liver was found. Excesses of malignancies of the lymphatic and hematopoietic systems could not be directly related to job held in the funeral industry. Further case-control studies are planned to rule out the possibility that the observed associations are artifactual, by assessing the association between specific work practices and disease risk.     

甲醛急性染毒对性成熟期雄性大鼠睾丸支持细胞结构和功能的影响

目的探讨甲醛急性染毒对性成熟期雄性大鼠支持细胞结构和功能的影响。方法选用性成熟期健康SD雄性大鼠24只,随机分为甲醛染毒高[10mg／（kg·d）]、中[1mg／（kg·d）]、低[0．1mg／（kg·d）]剂量和对照组4组。腹腔注射染毒3d后,利用透射电镜观察支持细胞的超微结构,利用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）测定雄激素结合蛋白（ABP）mRNA的相对表达量。结果①染毒3d后,高剂量甲醛染毒组精子数与对照组相比显著下降（P〈0．05）;中、高剂量甲醛染毒组精子活动率与对照组相比显著下降（P〈0．05）而精子畸形率与对照组相比显著升高（P〈0．05）;②中、高剂量甲醛染毒组大鼠支持细胞线粒体空泡化、核染色质边集;③各剂量甲醛染毒组的ABPmRNA表达水平与对照组相比均有明显的差异（P〈0．05）。相关检验发现甲醛染毒剂量与ABPmRNA表达水平显著负相关（r=-0．896,P〈0．05）。结论对支持细胞结构和功能的影响可能是甲醛雄性生殖毒性的重要机制。 献标志码：A