Exposure to formaldehyde and phenol during an anatomy dissecting course: sensitizing potency of formaldehyde in medical students

BACKGROUND: The sensitizing potency of formaldehyde and phenol during anatomy dissecting was investigated. The objective was to determine whether exposure induces specific IgE or IgG against formaldehyde-albumin or phenol-albumin. METHODS: In 27 medical students, specific IgE against formaldehyde-albumin by RAST plus ELISA and specific IgE against phenol-albumin by ELISA were assessed. In addition, specific IgG against formaldehyde-albumin was assessed in 23 students. Symptoms before and during dissecting were assessed, and indoor formaldehyde and phenol were measured. RESULTS: Mean indoor formaldehyde was 0.265 +/- 0.07 mg/m3, and mean indoor phenol was 4.65 +/- 2.96 mg/m3. Specific IgE/IgG against formaldehyde-albumin was not found at the beginning. Four students developed specific IgE against formaldehyde-albumin (RAST classes of > or =2.0), and all four also had specific IgE in the ELISA, but IgG against formaldehyde-albumin was not found. Specific IgE against phenol-albumin was not seen. Itch and paresthesia of the hands (P<0.00001), dizziness (P<0.008), burning eyes (P<0.01), headache, sneezing, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, oral or pharyngeal itch, and shortness of breath were experienced. CONCLUSIONS: Formaldehyde exposure during dissecting may induce specific IgE, but not IgG, against formaldehyde-albumin. Sensitization did not correlate with symptoms.     

桉树叶对无菌室空气消毒效果的研究

目的观察桉树叶 (小叶桉 )熏蒸法对无菌室空气消毒的效果。方法以桉树叶熏蒸法与甲醛熏蒸和空气洁净器两种消毒方法对无菌室空气消毒比较 ,桉树叶熏蒸按 0 5kg/m3 用量 ,关闭门窗 1 2h ;甲醛熏蒸 ,按 4 0ml/m3 用量 ,关闭门窗 1 2h ;空气洁净器开机 2h消毒。消毒前、后 2次空气采样 ,进行细菌计数。结果 3种消毒方法消毒前、后比较 ,P <0 0 1 ,差别有高度显著性意义。 3种方法消毒后 ,细菌总数均在 87cfu/m3 以下。结论桉树叶对空气消毒效果良好 ,可作为空气消毒剂。     

超声波与消毒剂协同杀菌作用的实验研究

试验表明超声波与洗必泰、新洁尔灭、过氧化氢、过氧乙酸及醛醇合剂对细菌芽胞具有协同杀灭作用。     

贯叶连翘提取物和盐酸赖氨酸复方的镇痛作用研究

目的:研究贯叶连翘提取物和盐酸赖氨酸复方(贯叶连翘提取物与盐酸赖氨酸以质量比2∶1配比,简称赖金丝)的镇痛抗炎作用。方法:采用小鼠醋酸扭体实验、甲醛实验和热板实验。结果:赖金丝125,250和500mg/kg灌胃能:①显著减少小鼠扭体次数,抑制率分别为29%,32%和54%。②显著抑制甲醛引起的第2时相疼痛反应,分别使小鼠舔脚时间缩短至(23±20),(18±22)和(12±19)s。③显著减轻甲醛所致小鼠足跖水肿,小鼠左右足重量差值较阴性对照组(34±15)减轻至(16±15),(18±12)和(15±6)mg。但不能抑制甲醛引起的第1时相疼痛反应和小鼠热板反应。结论:赖金丝在125～500mg/kg剂量范围内对炎症性疼痛效果显著,能抑制皮下注射甲醛引起的水肿,可能在外周抑制炎症过程的某个环节。     

2009-2011年广州市番禺区水产品污染状况分析

目的分析番禺区水产品污染状况,为食品安全监管提供依据。方法在番禺区各水产交易市场、肉菜综合市场和餐饮单位随机采集鲜活鱼（淡水鱼、海水鱼）、虾蟹、贝类、冰鲜、生吃水产品等水产品进行重金属、抗生素、农药、致病菌、肝吸虫等项目检测。结果各类水产品均存在镉超标,总超标率为5.2%。虾蟹类镉平均含量为0.516mg/kg,最高含量为14.300mg/kg;贝类、海水鱼、淡水鱼的镉超标率分别为4.5%、3.7%、2.5%。铅合格率为99.5%,汞和无机砷均未超标。部分水产品中检出四环素、土霉素、金霉素超标,超标率在8.3%～14.3%。各类水产品中六六六、DDT的含量均未超标。冰鲜水产品中甲醛合格率为98.1%。222份水产品中副溶血性弧菌检出率为18.5%（41/222）,其中检出率最高的是虾蟹类为41.7%,贝类为33.3%。淡水鱼、海水鱼、虾蟹类、贝类等4类水产品的副溶血性弧菌检出率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,淡水鱼与海水鱼的副溶血性弧菌检出率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。所有样品均未检出沙门菌和霍乱弧菌。生吃水产品未检出致病菌和肝吸虫。结论番禺区水产品镉污染情况较为突出,水产品中副溶血性弧菌检出率较高,水产养殖和销售中存在不按规定使用抗生素的情况。     

Patch testing with 2.0% (0.60 mg/cm2) formaldehyde instead of 1.0% (0.30 mg/cm2) detects significantly more contact allergy

Background. The currently used patch test concentration for formaldehyde is 1.0% (wt/vol) in water. However, clinical experience and previous studies suggest that 1.0% might be insufficient for detecting an optimized number of clinically relevant cases of contact allergy to formaldehyde. Objectives. To validate earlier patch test results for comparison of 1% (wt/vol) and 2% (wt/vol) formaldehyde in water, and to investigate co‐reactivity with quaternium‐15. Materials and methods. In 12 dermatology clinics, 3591 patients were routinely patch tested simultaneously with 2.0% (wt/vol) (0.60 mg/cm²) and 1.0% (wt/vol) (0.30 mg/cm²) formaldehyde. Micropipettes were used for delivering the exact dosage of the allergen. Results. Significantly more patients reacted to 2.0% formaldehyde than to 1.0% (3.4% versus 1.8%, p < 0.001). Overall, there were no sex differences between those reacting positively to 2.0% and 1.0%. Of 25 quaternium‐15‐positive patients, 4 (0.1%) reacted positively without reacting to formaldehyde. Conclusion. On the basis of the results of this multicentre study, as well as of previous studies, it can be suggested that 2.0% (wt/vol) in water formaldehyde should be used in routine patch testing in the baseline series.