临床研究中的数据管理标准CDISC及其应用前景

数据管理标准临床数据交换标准协会(CDISC)已广泛应用于临床研究中,它能够优化临床研究数据采集、传递、储存,并简化申办者/研究者向管理部门递交数据的程序,从而提高临床研究的效率。CDISC包含临床数据采集标准(CDASH)、实验室数据模型(LAB)、操作数据模型(ODM)、研究数据表格模型(SDTM)、分析数据库模型(ADaM)等模块。文中从数据管理标准在医学研究中应用的意义、已经广泛应用的CDISC主要模块CDASH,SDTM,AdaM的介绍以及临床研究中数据管理标准CDISC的应用前景等方面加以阐述。     

CORC's Survey of Routine Outcome Monitoring and National CAMHS Dataset Developments: A Response to Johnston and Gower

Background:  The CAMHS Outcome Research Consortium has 44 members across Great Britain who are collaborating to introduce routine outcome monitoring into clinical practice.
Methods:  Members were surveyed in 2004, in order to establish a baseline against which we could measure progress.
Results:  Like Johnston and Gowers, we discovered a wide range of measures were being used, while a third of CORC members were sharing information with clinicians and commissioners, and were using it to develop clinical practice or services.
Discussion:  We discuss the constraints brought up by our members and by Johnston and Gowers, as well as recent work in relation to the development of a national CAMHS dataset.     

Cardiovascular mortality among liver transplant recipients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States—a retrospective study

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become an increasingly important indication for liver transplantation (LT), and there has been a particular concern of excessive cardiovascular‐related mortality in this group. Using the United Network for Organ Sharing‐Standard Transplant Analysis and Research (UNOS STAR) dataset, we reviewed data on 56,995 adult transplants (January 2002 through June 2013). A total of 3,170 NASH liver‐only recipients were identified and were matched with 3,012 non‐NASH HCV+ and 3,159 non‐NASH HCV? controls [matched 1:1 based on gender, age at LT (±3 years), and MELD score (±3)]. Cox regression analysis revealed significantly lower hazard of all‐cause (HR 0.669; P < 0.0001) and cardiovascular‐related mortality (HR 0.648; P < 0.0001) in the NASH compared to the non‐NASH group after adjusting for diabetes, BMI, and race. Relative to the non‐NASH HCV‐positive group, NASH group has lower hazard of all‐cause (HR 0.539; P < 0.0001) and cardiovascular‐related mortality (HR 0.491; P < 0001). A lower hazard of all‐cause mortality (HR 0.844; P = 0.0094) was also observed in NASH patients compared to non‐NASH HCV‐negative group, but cardiovascular mortality was similar (HR 0.892; P = 0.3276). LT recipients with NASH have either lower or similar risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular‐related mortality compared to its non‐NASH counterparts after adjusting for diabetes, BMI, and race.     

中医医院护理管理信息基本数据集体系框架构建

从基本数据集、中医医院护理管理信息基本数据集等相关概念入手,介绍中医医院护理管理信息基本数据集标准体系的研究目的、构建原则、构建方法、构建内容及体系框架,为实现中医医院护理管理数据资源共享与交换奠定基础。     

疾病控制基本数据集的修订研究

根据疾病预防控制业务工作规范最新要求,对疾病控制基本数据集进行修订,包括对数据集数据元及值域代码进行调整更新。在此基础上,进一步探索数据集数据元标准与国家卫生信息数据字典的对应关系,从而规范数据集的应用,为卫生信息标准的修订与应用奠定基础,对于整个卫生信息标准化以及标准维护都具有重要意义。     

Cancer classification using Rotation Forest

We address the microarray dataset based cancer classification using a newly proposed multiple classifier system (MCS), referred to as Rotation Forest. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that Rotation Forest has been applied to the microarray dataset classification. In the framework of Rotation Forest, a linear transformation method is required to project data into new feature space for each classifier, and then the base classifiers are trained in different new spaces so as to enhance both the accuracies of base classifiers and the diversity in the ensemble system. Principal component analysis (PCA), non-parametric discriminant analysis (NDA) and random projections (RP) were applied to feature transformation in the original Rotation Forest. In this paper, we use independent component analysis (ICA) as a new transformation method since it can better describe the property of microarray data. The breast cancer dataset and prostate dataset are deployed to validate the efficiency of Rotation Forest. In all the experiments, it can be found that Rotation Forest outperforms other MCSs, such as Bagging and Boosting. In addition, the experimental results also revealed that ICA can further improve the performance of Rotation Forest compared with the original transformation methods.     

基于GEO数据库生物信息学方法分析子宫内膜癌相关基因和候选通路

目的：通过生物信息学方法分析与子宫内膜癌（EC）发生发展相关的关键基因和候选通路,探讨EC的发病机制和治疗靶点。方法：自公共基因芯片数据库（GEO）下载EC芯片数据集GSE17025和GSE63678,使用GEO2R在线分析工具和R软件筛选EC癌组织与癌旁组织的差异表达基因（DEGs）,并对DEGs进行基因本体论（GO）富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）信号通路分析,采用String数据库进行蛋白质-蛋白质互作网络（PPI）分析,最后采用Cytoscape软件对PPI网络进行可视化并进行模块分析。结果：对芯片数据集GSE17025和GSE63678进行DEGs分析后共获取100个共同上调基因和106个共同下调基因。GO富集分析DEGs主要富集于有丝分裂染色体分离、核分裂和细胞器分裂等生物学过程;KEGG信号通路分析DEGs主要富集于细胞周期、miRNA、p53信号通路和2型糖尿病等信号通路。通过Cytoscape软件分析,PPI网络中细胞分裂周期基因20（CDC20）、极光激酶A（AURKA）、细胞周期蛋白B1（CCNB1）、泛素E3连接酶（DTL）、中心体相关蛋白55（CEP55）、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1（CDK1）、驱动蛋白家族成员11（KIF11）、母体胚胎亮氨酸拉链激酶（MELK）、细胞周期蛋白B2（CCNB2）和苯并咪唑出芽抑制解除同源物蛋白1（BUB1）被筛选为关键基因。结论：细胞周期相关基因与通路调控网络的失调可能是EC发病的主要机制。     

医院人财物运营管理基本数据集研究

医院人财物运营管理信息化建设以及相应的标准化滞后是目前医院精细化运营管理水平较低的重要原因之一。本研究基于医院人财物运营管理系统的研发、建设与良好运行,进行系统信息模型的分析,将整个业务内容划分为5个业务域、25个基本数据集,并提取得到694个数据元,编制了《医院人财物运营管理基本数据集》,并根据基本数据集标准建立了医院人财物运营管理系统基本功能规范。