军队卫生信息数据集和数据元的标准化

数据标准化是信息标准化的重要内容,须通过遵守一致的元数据标准完成。数据集及其包含的数据元的标准化是信息交换中实现语义互操作的关键。军队卫生信息数据集的标准化可从管理状态、范围、统计单元、收集方法和周期、包含的数据元等方面描述;数据元的标准化应该从名称、标识号、定义、语境、数据元概念、值域、允许值等方面描述。元数据的集合构成数据字典,将各类信息系统或数据库的字段、数据集的数据项（数据元）与数据字典中的通配数据元进行比照和协同化,形成标准化的系统或数据库字典,可促进卫生信息的可解释性、可比性和一致性。     

结合迁移学习与深度卷积网络的心电分类研究

为解决一维深度卷积网络（1D-DCNN）在心电分类方面存在的多类疾病识别不准、难以提取最佳特征等问题,提出一种结合迁移学习与二维深度卷积网络（2D-DCNN）直接识别心电图像的方法。首先,截取R波前后75 ms内的心电信号,并将一维心电电压信号转化为二维灰度图像信号。接着,构建2D-DCNN对心电节拍样本进行分类训练,权值初始化采用在ImageNet大规模图像数据集上进行预训练的AlexNet参数值。本文提出方法在MIT-BIH心电数据库上进行性能验证,其准确率达到98%,并在不同信噪比下保持较高的准确率,证明了所述模型在心电分类上具有良好的鲁棒性。为了验证2D-DCNN的识别性能,实验部分与采用不同激活函数的1D-DCNN、近些年性能较好的深度学习方法进行比较。量化结果表明,结合迁移学习和2D-DCNN方法,比最优1D-DCNN算法,其准确率提升2%、敏感度提升0.6%、特异性提高4%;在二分类与多分类任务中,均好于现有的其他算法。     

基于三维脑基因表达图谱的基因挖掘方法研究

目的为了研究帕金森氏病发病机理,探索从多元三维脑基因表达图谱的基因芯片数据中提取帕金森氏病的基因的方法。方法用一种统计学方法对小鼠基因芯片数据进行初步筛选及标准化,将实验数据分成两个集合,计算基因表达数据的标准差并按升序排列,选出排名最靠前的数个基因(本实验选取基因总数的10%),并对其进行评估。结果选出的这18个基因为更好的研究帕金森氏病发病机理提供了一个思路,且该基因挖掘方法也适合其他疾病机理的研究。     

Report of the NIH Task Force on Research Standards for Chronic Low Back Pain

Despite rapidly increasing intervention, functional disability due to chronic low back pain (cLBP) has increased in recent decades. We often cannot identify mechanisms to explain the major negative impact cLBP has on patients' lives. Such cLBP is often termed non-specific and may be due to multiple biologic and behavioral etiologies. Researchers use varied inclusion criteria, definitions, baseline assessments, and outcome measures, which impede comparisons and consensus. Therefore, NIH Pain Consortium charged a Research Task Force (RTF) to draft standards for research on cLBP. The resulting multidisciplinary panel recommended using 2 questions to define cLBP; classifying cLBP by its impact (defined by pain intensity, pain interference, and physical function); use of a minimum dataset to describe research participants (drawing heavily on the PROMIS methodology); reporting “responder analyses” in addition to mean outcome scores; and suggestions for future research and dissemination. The Pain Consortium has approved the recommendations, which investigators should incorporate into NIH grant proposals. The RTF believes that these recommendations will advance the field, help to resolve controversies, and facilitate future research addressing the genomic, neurologic, and other mechanistic substrates of chronic low back pain. We expect that the RTF recommendations will become a dynamic document and undergo continual improvement.PerspectiveA task force was convened by the NIH Pain Consortium with the goal of developing research standards for chronic low back pain. The results included recommendations for definitions, a minimum dataset, reporting outcomes, and future research. Greater consistency in reporting should facilitate comparisons among studies and the development of phenotypes.     

基于非参数相关系数的心肌病自动诊断

针对肥厚型心肌病和扩张型心肌病患者的心电图导联间的相关性,提出心肌病自动诊断的一种方法。该研究从12导联ECG信号中分割出来的单个心跳片段进行识别,以健康人群为对照识别出DCM和HCM的片段。从片段中提取264个非参数相关系数特征并通过变量筛选得到12个特征,输入到支持向量机中进行建模,采用10折交叉验证评价模型。模型的总准确率为99.88%±0.08%。模型使用的特征少,运行速度快,准确率高,有助于临床心肌病的自动化诊断,节约医疗资源。     

Social care as first work experience in England: a secondary analysis of the profile of a national sample of migrant workers

Migrant workers are increasingly important to the care sector in England as well as in other developed countries. The profile of migrants is likely to continue changing due to reforms in immigration policy and legislation limiting the range of jobs open to migrants from non-EU countries while facilitating migration from the new European Union accession countries. This article reports on detailed secondary analysis of newly available data on the characteristics of migrants working in the care sector as their first job. The analysis was undertaken in 2009 as part of research investigating the contribution made by migrant care workers in England. The sample was identified from the new National Minimum Data Set for Social Care (NMDSSC), which is completed by social care employers in England. Workers whose ethnicity was identified as not White British and who had their previous job abroad were used as a proxy of recent migrants. The analysis shows that this group of workers has a significantly different profile compared with other workers. Recent migrants in the care sector were significantly younger and held higher qualifications relevant to social care; however, there were no significant gender differences. They were also significantly concentrated in the private and voluntary sectors and in direct care work. There were variations between recent migrants' ethnicity and their job roles, with Asian workers more prevalent in senior care positions. These findings have a number of possible implications for social care workforce and providers, particularly within the current context of changing migration rules and social care reforms.     

Improvement in quality of colorectal cancer pathology reporting with a standardized proforma – a comparative study

Background Histopathological evaluation is a critical component in the management of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). It is the single most powerful prognostic indicator in CRC and determines if adjuvant chemotherapy is indicated. The aim of this study was to assess if the introduction of a comprehensive standardized pathology proforma improved the quality of histopathology reporting. Methods A standardized pathology proforma, based on the 1996 minimum dataset for colorectal histopathology reporting, was introduced in our pathology department in 1998. Pathology reports for all colonic resection specimens for 1996 (n = 85) and 2000 (n = 86) were identified, retrieved and entered on to database. Comparison was made with the minimum dataset published in the 1996 guidelines for the management of colorectal cancer. Results Demographic details were complete in all cases. Clinical data was incomplete in 57 (67%) patients in 1996 and 63 (73%) in 2000 (ns; χ²). There were 24 (28%) (7 Abdomino‐perineal resections (APER)) and 40 (47%) (17 APER's) rectal specimens for 1996 and 2000, respectively. The presence or absence of pathological background abnormalities were commented on in 18 (21%) reports in 1996 and 80 (93%) reports in 2000 (P < 0.01; Fishers exact test (Fisher)). Histological differentiation was commented on in 73 (86%) and 86 (100%) in 1996 and 2000, respectively (P < 0.01; Fisher). Dukes' stage was stated in 33 (39%) reports in 1996 and 86 (100%) in 2000 (P < 0.01; Fisher) but Dukes' stage was calculable in 84 (99%) in 1996 and 86 reports (100%) for 2000 (ns; Fisher). The apical node was commented on in 34 (40%) reports in 1996 and 85 (99%) reports in 2000 (P < 0.01; Fisher). The median (IQR) number of nodes assessed in 1996 was 8 (5–12) compared to 12 (8–17) in 2000 (P < 0.001; Mann–Whitney (MW)). Complete resection was mentioned in 74 (87%) reports in 1996 and 86 (100%) in 2000 (P < 0.01; Fisher). Regarding rectal specimens, the circumferential resection margin (CRM) was commented on in 19 of 24 specimens in 1996 and 38 of 40 specimens in 2000 (ns; Fisher). Relationship to the peritoneal reflection was commented on in 1 (1%) rectal specimen in 1996 and 30 (35%) in 2000 (P < 0.001; Fisher). Conclusion The introduction of a standardized proforma for reporting CRC resection specimens improves the quality of histopathological reporting. This aids decision‐making regarding adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy and further surveillance.     

The Oregon ADHD-1000: A new longitudinal data resource enriched for clinical cases and multiple levels of analysis

The fields of developmental psychopathology, developmental neuroscience, and behavioral genetics are increasingly moving toward a data sharing model to improve reproducibility, robustness, and generalizability of findings. This approach is particularly critical for understanding attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which has unique public health importance given its early onset, high prevalence, individual variability, and causal association with co-occurring and later developing problems. A further priority concerns multi-disciplinary/multi-method datasets that can span different units of analysis. Here, we describe a public dataset using a case-control design for ADHD that includes: multi-method, multi-measure, multi-informant, multi-trait data, and multi-clinician evaluation and phenotyping. It spans > 12 years of annual follow-up with a lag longitudinal design allowing age-based analyses spanning age 7–19 + years with a full age range from 7 to 21. Measures span genetic and epigenetic (DNA methylation) array data; EEG, functional and structural MRI neuroimaging; and psychophysiological, psychosocial, clinical and functional outcomes data. The resource also benefits from an autism spectrum disorder add-on cohort and a cross sectional case-control ADHD cohort from a different geographical region for replication and generalizability. Datasets allowing for integration from genes to nervous system to behavior represent the “next generation” of researchable cohorts for ADHD and developmental psychopathology.     

EcoPDB：高精度大肠杆菌蛋白质结构与对应基因序列数据集

高质量蛋白质结构及其对应基因序列数据是研究蛋白质折叠与蛋白质编码序列关系问题的基础.通过查询SWISS-PROT数据库中E.coli的蛋白质,得到不同数据库中的蛋白质结构与基因序列的交叉索引表,在此基础上,删除大量冗余及不可靠数据,最后得到一个高精度数据集EcoPDB.该数据集共有191个E.coli基因及其相应的精度好于2.5?的X射线衍射测定的PDB蛋白质结构数据,总残基数约5.5万.