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Abstract

There is a significant gap in the provision of palliative care for children living with HIV (CLHIV) in Indonesia. While Indonesia has one of the highest rates of HIV infection amongst children in Asia, there is limited availability and access to palliative care services for CLHIV, especially for those living in rural areas. This paper highlights the need to scale up the provision of pediatric palliative care services for CLHIV in the country through the integration of palliative care into existing HIV care. This integration would not only increase the accessibility of palliative care for CLHIV, but also improve the quality of HIV care by addressing and meeting individual needs, enhancing retention in HIV care and improving quality of life amongst CLHIV. An effective integration of palliative care may be achieved by adopting World Health Organization’s Public Health Strategy for Palliative Care, with adaptations made to accommodate the unique geographical and cultural contexts of Indonesia.     

Behavioral Self-Management

While behavioral treatments have been increasingly utilized with older patients, they have almost entirely involved operant, rather than self-management, approaches. In the present paper, differences between operant and self-control behavioral approaches are discussed. A case example is presented of the successful use of a behavioral self-management treatment with an elderly patient with severe agitation. The potential utility of the self-management approach with older patients is discussed.     

农村艾滋病预防与控制的思考

目的分析当前农村艾滋病的预防与控制情况。方法结合某区艾滋病控制过程中的具体措施,提出对应控制方法。结果通过强化农村艾滋病的预防控制,能够完善艾滋病防控体系,切实保障农村村民的身体健康利益。结论应对农村艾滋病传播需要有切实可行的控制预防措施,包括建立健全防控体系、强化宣传教育、完善管理、加大资金投入等。     

Structure of Drug Use and Drug Definition among Youth

Five thousand West-German soldiers anwered a questionnaire on personal drug use, evaluation of substances regarding their being drugs, and illness-value ascribed to heavy drug use. A partial correspondence between the structures of drug use and drug definition was found. Beer and wine consumption were clearly differentiated. Mentally, cannabis and hard liquor were placed on comparable levels. A wholesale approach to alcohol consumption, and exclusive categorization of cannabis as a fashion drug, lumped together with hallucinogens and opiates. seem unwarranted.     

新型农村合作医疗补偿及知晓情况对住院利用影响研究

目的:评价新农合补偿水平及知晓情况对住院服务利用的影响。方法:使用2006和2008年混合横断面家庭调查数据,进行条件logit模型分析。结果:新农合提高60%的住院利用率,其实际补偿比提高1%,住院率提高6%。结论:提高新农合补偿比例,增强居民政策知晓程度,改善住院服务利用。     

An “Economic” Theory of Addiction,Hypomania, and Sensation Seeking

Research into the relationship between mania, sensation seeking, and substance abuse has shown that hypomanics and sensation seekers use substances frequently and often for the purpose of adjusting their moods. This essay develops an “economic” theory of addiction that attempts to account for those phenomena. The theory also supports the notion that sensation-seeking behavior and variants of manic behavior share many of the characteristics of the addictive behaviors. Implications for the treatment of addictive behaviors are discussed. Data from drug users in the military (Navy) are presented to support the theory, and suggestions for future research are outlined.     

Treatment Retention Predictors of Drug Court Participants in a Rural State

Factors distinguishing clients who complete drug court treatment from those who do not complete drug court have been documented, but differences between urban and rural drug court participants have not been examined. The present study focuses on examining mental health, drug use, criminal activity, and education/employment as factors that are associated with treatment retention, which is measured by graduation from a rural and urban drug court. Study findings indicate that for the urban drug court, marital status, employment, drug use, and criminal activity predicted graduation. For the rural drug court, however, graduation was only predicted by age and juvenile incarceration. Findings from this study suggest there are different factors associated with drug court retention/graduation between urban and rural drug court settings. It is suggested that drug court administrators and other could use this information to better assess potential participants and to target services.     

2016—2020年泸州市农村集中式供水水质监测分析

目的 了解泸州市2016—2020年农村集中式供水卫生状况和变化趋势，为进一步提高制水和供水质量提供科学依据和参考意见。 方法 收集泸州市2016—2020年农村集中式供水监测数据，对照GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》对水质进行分析评价。结果 2016—2020年共检测农村水样2697份，总合格率为81.31%，呈上升趋势（χ2趋势=27.265，P<0.001）；不同处理方式、消毒方式、消毒设备使用和有无卫生许可证与水质合格率有关（P<0.05），不同供水方式、水期、水源类型和水样类型与水质合格率无关（P>0.05）；浑浊度、总大肠菌群、游离氯/二氧化氯、菌落总数、耗氧量等指标合格率相对较低；年份（P<0.001，OR=1.222）、消毒方式（P=0.002，OR=1.407）、消毒设备使用（P<0.001，OR=4.024）、卫生许可证（P<0.001，OR=2.001）和处理方式（P=0.028，OR=3.205）这5个变量与水质总体合格情况有关。结论 泸州市农村集中式供水卫生状况总体较好，近五年水质呈上升的趋势，微生物、消毒剂和浑浊度等是影响水质合格率的主要指标，卫生许可和监管、水处理和消毒设施是否完善和正确使用是重要因素，建议采取相应措施持续提升供水水质。     

全国农村改厕产业市场化现状调查

目的了解目前我国改厕产业总体运行状况和市场化发展程度,掌握改厕产品市场供需现状,评估我国农村改厕产业的状况,为政府制定推进农村改厕工作的相关政策、措施提供依据。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,在全国范围内组织开展农村改厕企业运行、改厕产品的生产、营销状况调研,了解产业存在的问题和企业自身发展需求,收集相关数据资料。结果农村改厕企业规模以中、小型企业为主;62.5%(10/16)的企业是兼营改厕产品企业,改厕产品以双瓮化粪池或三格化粪池为主;92.3%(12/13)的企业销售模式是政府、工程订购;企业研发能力薄弱,研发经费紧张,技术能力欠缺是主要原因。结论农村改厕产业的市场化尚处于初始阶段,政府行为依然是影响改厕产业发展的主要因素;改厕企业在开拓、维护产品市场方面的能力不足;改厕产业的市场化需要政府在政策、技术、资金等方面的支持;我国农村改厕的巨大市场需求为改厕产业的发展提供了前所未有的机遇。