新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术室管理策略

摘要：目的根据疫情期间耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医护人员面临的交叉感染风险和职业暴露危险，制订手术室管理策略，达到保障手术患者和医务人员安全的目的。方法2020年1月25日—2020年3月8日空军军医大学西京医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科完成手术29例。手术室从人员、物资、手术、环境、安全防护等方面入手，制定严格的管理策略，规范手术实施，并对医护人员防护效果及患者围手术期状况进行评估。结果通过对患者术前临床观察以及直至术后14 d的跟踪随访，在29例手术中，无疑似、确诊和漏诊病例，无医护人员交叉感染，所有患者手术顺利，无围手术期并发症。结论制定严格有效的手术室管理策略，保证了疫情期间手术的正常及时开展，保护医护人员、手术患者安全有效，防止院内交叉感染的发生。     

The Current Pediatric Surgery Job Market: A Perspective of Recent Fellowship Graduates

PurposeThis study describes the job market from the perspective of recent pediatric surgery graduates.MethodsAn anonymous survey was circulated to the 137 pediatric surgeons who graduated from fellowships 2019–2021.ResultsThe survey response rate was 49%. The majority of respondents were women (52%), Caucasian (72%), and had a median student debt burden of $225,000. Considering job opportunities, respondents strongly emphasized camaraderie (93%), mentorship (93%), case mix (85%), geography (67%), faculty reputation (62%), spousal employment (57%), compensation (51%), and call frequency (45%). 30% were satisfied with the employment opportunities available, and 21% felt strongly prepared to negotiate for their first job. All respondents were able to secure a job. Most jobs were university-based (70%) or hospital employed (18%) positions where surgeons covered median of two hospitals. 49% wanted protected research time, and 12% of respondents were able to secure substantial, protected research time. The median compensation for university-based jobs was $12,583 below the median AAMC benchmark for assistant professors for the corresponding year of graduation.ConclusionThese data highlight the ongoing need for assessment of the pediatric surgery workforce and for professional societies and training programs to further assist graduating fellows in preparing to negotiate their first job.Type of studySurveyLevel of EvidenceLevel V.     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖管理保护动机问卷的编制及信效度检验

目的 编制妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖管理保护动机问卷并检验其信效度。 方法 以保护动机理论为基础,根据《妊娠期糖尿病临床护理实践指南》,通过文献回顾、患者半结构式访谈、专家咨询编制问卷初稿。通过咨询7名专家及调查408例妊娠期糖尿病孕妇对问卷信效度进行检验。 结果 妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖管理保护动机问卷包含7个维度,共35个条目,问卷内容效度指数为0.976,Cronbach’s α系数为0.901,折半信度为0.965;各维度的Cron-bach’s α系数为0.850~0.953,折半信度为0.905~0.961。探索性因子分析共提取7个公因子,累计方差贡献率为75.32%。验证性因子分析显示,模型拟合度良好。 结论 妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖管理保护动机问卷具有良好的信效度,可用于妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖管理保护动机的评估及血糖管理行为的分析和预测。     

The Development and Operation of a Home Management System during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience of the Local Government Gyeonggi-do in Korea

During the three the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surges in South Korea, there was a shortage of hospital beds for COVID-19 patients, and as a result, there were cases of death while waiting for hospitalization. To minimize the risk of death and to allow those confirmed with COVID-19 to safely wait for hospitalization at home, the local government of Gyeonggi-do in South Korea developed a novel home management system (HMS). The HMS team, comprised of doctors and nurses, was organized to operate HMS. HMS provided a two-way channel for the taskforce and patients to monitor the severity of patient''s condition and to provide healthcare counseling as needed. In addition, the HMS team cooperated with a triage/bed assignment team to expedite the response in case of an emergency, and managed a database of severity for real-time monitoring of patients. The HMS became operational for the first time in August 2020, initially managing only 181 patients; it currently manages a total of 3,707 patients. The HMS supplemented the government''s COVID-19 confirmed case management framework by managing patients waiting at home for hospitalization due to lack of hospital and residential treatment center beds. HMS also could contribute a sense of psychological stability in patients and prevented the situation from worsening by efficient management of hospital beds and reduction of workloads on public healthcare centers. To stabilize and improve the management of COVID-19 confirmed cases, governments should organically develop self-treatment and HMS, and implement a decisive division of roles within the local governments.     

A case of psoriasis successfully treated by extracorporeal photopheresis during COVID-19 pandemic

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by well-demarcated erythematous plaques with a silver scale. Although many new and emerging therapeutic agents are often sufficient to control the disease, there is still a need for alternative treatment options in challenging cases. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been applied to many T-cell-mediated diseases to restore immune homeostasis and treat psoriasis effectively. In this paper, we present a psoriasis patient who did not respond to methotrexate, narrowband ultraviolet B, or acitretin. Because of a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the patient had contraindications for cyclosporine, fumaric acid esters, and biologics but achieved remission with a total of 12 sessions of ECP in two and a half months. Although exacerbation was recorded after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease infection at the end of the first month, scores from the psoriasis area severity index (PASI) and dermatological life quality index (DLQI) were regressed significantly within two and a half months. ECP seems to provide an effective and rapid response for psoriasis and should be considered for psoriasis patients who fail to respond or have contraindications to existing treatments.     

青年肺结核患者营养护理方案的构建及应用

目的 构建青年肺结核患者营养护理方案并评价其应用效果。 方法 通过文献分析、现况调查和专家会议法形成青年肺结核患者营养护理方案。选取某三级专科医院2019年8月1日—10月30日入院的青年肺结核患者为试验组,实施青年肺结核患者营养护理方案;选取2019年4月1日—6月30日入院的青年肺结核患者为对照组,实施常规营养护理;比较入院时、出院后1个月和出院后3个月两组营养指标、免疫指标和生活质量。 结果 入院时、出院后1个月和出院后3个月,试验组体重高于对照组（F_组间=12.955,F_时间=5.735,F_交互=36.713,均P<0.05）;出院后3个月,试验组CD3+、CD4+高于对照组（t=16.548,P=0.037;t=18.607,P=0.028）,生活质量总分高于对照组（t=5.351,P<0.001）,但生理功能维度、心理功能维度和社会功能维度的比较,差异无统计学差异（t=0.417,P=0.678;t=1.020,P=0.310;t=0.539,P=0.591）。 结论 青年肺结核患者营养护理方案可改善患者体重、免疫功能和生活质量,促进患者康复。     

追踪管理法在护理人员针刺伤管理中的应用效果分析

目的总结与探讨追踪管理法在护理人员职业安全针刺伤管理中的应用效果。方法成立追踪管理小组,由专职人员对护理职业安全管理中的不良事件针刺伤进行个案追踪和系统追踪,分析产生护理职业安全事件的原因,不断完善追踪管理制度,形成一套完整的防控体系,预防护理职业安全针刺伤不良事件的发生。结果追踪管理法实施后,2013年护理职业安全针刺伤不良事件的发生明显低于2012年(P<0.05)。结论追踪管理法能积极防范护理职业安全针刺伤不良事件的发生,降低其发生率,保障护士的职业安全。     

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Revised 2017 Scope of Practice for the Nutrition and Dietetics Technician,Registered

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (Academy) is the world’s largest organization of food and nutrition professionals and the association that represents credentialed nutrition and dietetics practitioners—nutrition and dietetics technicians, registered (NDTRs) and registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs). An NDTR’s scope of practice in nutrition and dietetics has flexible boundaries to capture the depth and breadth of the individual's practice. The NDTR’s practice expands with advances in many areas, including nutrition, food production, food safety, food systems management, health care, public health, community health, and information and communication technology. The Revised 2017 Scope of Practice for the NDTR reflects the position of the Academy on the essential role of the NDTR in the management and delivery of food and nutrition services. The scope of practice for the NDTR is composed of education and credentialing, practice resources, Academy Standards of Practice and Standards of Professional Performance, codes of ethics, accreditation standards, state and federal regulations, national guidelines, and organizational policy and procedures. The Revised 2017 Scope of Practice for the NDTR is used in conjunction with the Revised 2017 Standards of Practice in Nutrition Care and the Standards of Professional Performance for NDTRs. The Standards of Practice address activities related to direct patient and client care. The Standards of Professional Performance address behaviors related to the technical role of NDTRs. These standards reflect the minimum competent level of nutrition and dietetics practice and professional performance for NDTRs. A companion document addresses the scope of practice for the RDN.     

心理测评与团体心理治疗纳入社区卫生服务中心管理的应用

目的了解上海市浦东新区社区卫生服务中心内员工的整体心理状况,探索缓解医务人员心理压力、提升心理健康水平和掌握自我情绪管理能力的效果。方法选取上海市浦东新区3家社区卫生服务中心,采用GHQ-12、SAS、SDS和MBIGS等量表评估中心内员工的心理状况,对存在焦虑、抑郁或职业倦怠者开展团体心理治疗,干预人群基本情况相匹配且无心理问题的医务人员作为对照组,评价干预效果。结果机构员工12项一般健康问卷总分为(22.17±5.24)分,焦虑自评量表标准分为(40.67±10.82)分,抑郁自评量表标准分为(41.14±11.95)分,Maslach职业倦怠调查普适量表总分为(19.79±15.77)分。团体心理治疗干预前两组人群在SAS、SDS、GHQ-12以及MBI-GS量表各因子中均具有显著差异(P0.01)。干预后两组人群在SDS、MBI-GS的情绪衰竭、工作态度和总均分/总分等因子中仍存在显著差异(P0.01),其余量表与因子则无差异。结论基层社区卫生服务中心员工的心理状况与普通人群接近,医疗业务、预防保健、行政等科室以及工龄较高且职称较低的员工是心理弱势群体,团体心理治疗能够明显改善心理异常员工的焦虑并提升其成就感。