脑卒中个案管理师准入标准和工作职责方案的构建

目的 构建脑卒中个案管理师准入标准和工作职责,为制订符合中国国情的脑卒中个案管理师人才培养方案和工作标准提供参考依据。方法 基于文献研究、脑卒中患者管理现状调查、专家会议讨论和预咨询,构建准入标准和工作职责初稿;采用德尔菲专家咨询法,对全国8个省市的20名专家进行问卷咨询。 结果 2轮专家咨询的问卷有效回收率分别是95.2%和100.0%。第2轮咨询中,专家权威系数为0.910,准入标准和工作职责的一、二、三级指标专家意见的肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.193、0.155、0.141（P<0.05）和0.445、0.156、0.134（P<0.05）。最终形成的脑卒中个案管理师准入标准包括一级指标3项（基础条件、专业能力、综合能力）,二级指标7项,三级指标17项。工作职责包括一级指标4项（评估、计划、实施、评价）,二级指标17项,三级指标79项。 结论 经专家咨询确定的脑卒中个案管理师准入标准和工作职责方案具有较好的科学性、实用性、可行性和创新性,能为脑卒中个案管理护理实践提供理论依据。     

患者安全目标:加强医学装备安全与警报管理

阐述医疗器械使用安全与警报管理的意义和内涵，分析医疗器械使用安全与警报的风险点，探讨建立医疗器械使用安全与警报风险防范体系的方案，列举了医疗器械使用安全与警报管理的实践案例。     

Que devient l’hôpital en régime néolibéral ? Entretien avec Stéphane Velut

ObjectivesThis interview with Professor Stéphane Velut, neurosurgeon and writer, is an occasion to reflect on the current challenges of transforming the functioning of public hospitals today. In recent years, he has made his voice heard in public debate by publishing several essays and tracts. This interview allows him to expand upon some of his theses, by giving voice to his experience. Professor Velut's lively and passionate speech is in constant dialogue with the human sciences and literature. His taste for words led him in particular to develop a sensitivity to and a critique of the rhetoric employed by contemporary hospital administrators.MethodsThis dialogue is based on open questioning. Professor Velut is asked about his own experience as head of department and surgeon. The interview makes it possible to explore the many influences, from Victor Klemperer to Régis Debray, which help him think about the era and the issues specific to it. The analysis of the social and political context of French medicine over the last forty years is widely discussed: from the emergence of health democracy with the AIDS epidemic to the most recent upheavals caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.ResultsThe new logics of care, evolving towards an ever greater requirement of technicality, systematicity, and evaluability, lead to a standardization of medical practice, which tends to eliminate any singularity, both that of the patient and the clinician.DiscussionToday, it is administrators, economists, and communicators who seem to hold the power to decide what is desirable for the hospital. The analysis of their “metalanguage” reveals a singular enterprise of watering down, which de-realizes the reality of the concrete objects of the caregiver: illness, care, death. This metalanguage contrasts with the language of clinicians, grappling with a reality other than that of evaluation and quantification, in their proximity to the suffering of each patient.ConclusionThe neoliberal management of the hospital, controlled by economic imperatives; modern forms of management, indexed against the principle of subsidiarity; finally, the new systematized and protocolized conceptions of care lead to a loss of autonomy for clinicians and caregivers who are no longer expected to be actors capable of thinking for themselves. In contrast, the concrete, even artisanal exercise of surgeon, in which the work of the surgeon's hand (like that of the craftsman) is irreplaceable, is a form of clinical practice that preserves the singularity of the encounter and the possibility of inventiveness. The practice of surgery allows the practitioner to take the singularity of each participant into account; in this, it can be compared to the practice of psychiatry.     

Views of healthcare professionals about the role of active monitoring in the management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): Qualitative interview study

BackgroundDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is an in-situ (pre-cancerous) breast malignancy whereby malignant cells are contained within the basement membrane of the breast ducts. Increasing awareness that some low-risk forms of DCIS might remain indolent for many years has led to concern about overtreatment, with at least 3 clinical trials underway internationally assessing the safety of active monitoring for low-risk DCIS. This study aimed to understand healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) views on the management options for patients with DCIS.MethodsQualitative study using semi-structured interviews with HCPs involved in the diagnosis and management of DCIS in Australia and New Zealand. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically using Framework Analysis method.ResultsTwenty-six HCPs including 10 breast surgeons, 3 breast physicians, 6 radiation oncologists, and 7 breast care nurses participated. There was a strong overall consensus that DCIS requires active treatment. HCPs generally felt uncomfortable recommending active monitoring as a management option for low-risk DCIS as they viewed this as outside current standard care. Overall, HCPs felt that active monitoring was an unproven strategy in need of an evidence base; however, many acknowledged that active monitoring for low-risk DCIS could be appropriate for patients with significant co-morbidities or limited life expectancy. They believed that most patients would opt for surgery wherever possible.ConclusionsThis study highlights the important need for robust randomised controlled trial data about active monitoring for women with low-risk DCIS, to provide HCPs with confidence in their management recommendations and decision-making.     

路径式营养管理在食管癌患者围术期的应用研究

目的 探讨路径式营养管理在食管癌围术期患者中的应用效果。方法 选取2018年1月至2018年7月在四川省肿瘤医院胸外科接受食管癌根治手术治疗的患者156例，随机分为干预组（n=78）和对照组（n=78），干预组采用路径式营养管理，对照组采用常规营养管理，比较两组患者在术后7d血红蛋白、前白蛋白、体质指数（BMI）、预后营养指数（PNI）等营养指标、术后并发症发生率及术后住院时间。结果 干预组患者术后7d血红蛋白（126.09±16.69）g/L、前白蛋白（208.74±38.51）mg/L、BMI（22.28±2.05）kg/m2、PNI（46.62±4.03）优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；干预组患者胸腔积液发生率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（t=4.02，P=0.04）；干预组患者住院时间短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（t=6.53，P=0.03）。结论 路径式营养管理能有效改善食管癌围术期患者营养状况、降低并发症发生率、缩短术后住院时间。     

Management recommendations for patients with chronic kidney disease during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic

COVID-19 has become a pandemic and it has already spread to at least 171 countries/regions. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem with a total of approximately 850 million patients with CKD worldwide and 119.5 million in China. Severe COVID-19 infection may damage the kidney and cause acute tubular necrosis, leading to proteinuria, hematuria and elevated serum creatinine. Since the SARS-CoV-2 enters the cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, some doctors question its ability to increase the risk and severity of developing COVID-19. Neither clinical data nor basic scientific evidence supports this assumption. Therefore, patients who take angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker are not advised to change their therapy. Patients with CKD are generally the elderly population suffering from multiple comorbidities. Moreover, some patients with CKD might need to take glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants. Dialysis patients are recurrently exposed to a possible contaminated environment because their routine treatment usually requires three dialysis sessions per week. Considering all the above reasons, patients with CKD are more vulnerable to COVID-19 than the general population. The development of COVID-19 may worsen the impaired kidney function and further lead to rapid deterioration of kidney function and even death. Strict comprehensive protocols should be followed to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among patients with CKD. In this review, we provide some practical management recommendations for health care providers, patients with CKD, dialysis patients and dialysis facilities.     

Guía de actuación para el manejo de la infección por COVID-19 durante en el embarazo

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) has caused a large global outbreak and has had a major impact on health systems and societies worldwide. The generation of knowledge about the disease has occurred almost as fast as its global expansion. Very few studies have reported on the effects of the infection on maternal health, since its onset. The mother and foetus do not seem to be at particularly high risk. Nevertheless, obstetrics and maternal-foetal medicine practice have made profound changes in order to adapt to the pandemic. In addition, there are aspects specific to COVID-19 and gestation that should be known by specialists. In this review an evidenced-based protocol is presented for the management of COVID-19 in pregnancy.     

四川省互联网医疗服务监管平台建设及思考

随着“互联网+”战略的不断推进,医疗卫生领域的互联网技术运用日益成熟。以四川省互联网医疗服务监管平台为研究对象,结合传统医疗监管模式存在的针对性不强、监管局限以及监管滞后等问题,从设计监管理念、监管模式、平台服务以及监管要点等方面对政府监管方式进行了阐述。同时,对未来监管平台建设提出完善医师多点执业、强化医疗平台责任、构建多元共治体系、打造统一的卫生行政执法平台等建议。