阴道乳杆菌对常见阴道假丝酵母菌抑制作用的体外试验研究

目的:观察阴道乳杆菌菌株在体外实验中对假丝酵母菌生长的抑制作用。方法:分离健康妇女阴道中常见的乳杆菌和外阴、阴道假丝酵母菌病(vulvovaginal candidiasis,VVC)患者阴道中的常见假丝酵母菌,采用96孔板混合生长抑制法观察处于生长对数期的乳杆菌对假丝酵母菌生长的抑制作用。结果:23例健康妇女阴道分泌物中分离出3种乳杆菌:嗜酸乳杆菌(La)、干酪乳杆菌(Lca)和卷曲乳杆菌(Lcr),15例VVC初发患者阴道分泌物中分离出3种假丝酵母菌:白色假丝酵母菌(Ca)、热带假丝酵母菌(Ct)和克柔假丝酵母菌(Ck)。各种乳杆菌均表现出对假丝酵母菌生长的抑制能力,La对各种假丝酵母菌的抑制能力均优于Lcr;与Lca相比,La对Ct的抑制更为明显;产H2O2的Lcr与不产H2O2的Lca对假丝酵母菌的抑制能力无显著差异。结论:各种乳杆菌表现出对假丝酵母菌生长的不同抑制能力,La对研究的3种假丝酵母菌的抑制能力均优于Lcr;与Lca相比,La的唯一优势体现在对Ct的抑制上;乳杆菌对假丝酵母菌的抑制可能不仅仅与产生H2O2能力有关。     

复方嗜酸乳杆菌联合常规四联疗法治疗幽门螺旋杆菌感染消化性溃疡的疗效

目的 观察复方嗜酸乳杆菌联合常规四联疗法治疗幽门螺旋杆菌（Hp）感染消化性溃疡的疗效。方法 选择2018年5月~2019年5月在我院诊治的幽门螺旋杆菌感染消化性溃疡患者112例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各56例。对照组采用常规四联疗法治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用复方嗜酸乳杆菌治疗,比较两组临床治疗总有效率、临床症状（反酸、上腹痛、饱胀、呕吐）评分、Hp根除率以及临床不良反应发生情况。结果 观察组治疗总有效率为94.64%,高于对照组的80.35%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组反酸、上腹痛、饱胀、呕吐症状评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组Hp根除率为92.85%,高于对照组的78.57%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组不良反应发生率为3.57%,低于对照组的16.07%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 复方嗜酸乳杆菌联合常规四联疗法治疗Hp感染消化性溃疡疗效确切,可促进Hp根除,有助于减轻临床症状,降低临床症状评分,且临床不良反应少。     

乳杆菌活菌胶囊临床应用667例合理用药分析

目的对妇科乳杆菌联合使用处方进行合理性分析,旨在使医师更安全、有效、合理、经济的使用药品。方法抽取医院门诊2012年6～8月使用乳杆菌活菌胶囊的处方共667例,进行归类分析。结果 667例处方中单用乳杆菌活菌胶囊211例,联合其他药物使用456例。不合理处方177例,占26.5%,其中联合用药不合理115例,无适应证用药62例。结论乳杆菌活菌胶囊与外用洗剂（阴道冲洗）及口服抗菌药物联合使用不合理,应加强临床药物的合理使用。     

实时定量PCR法分析2型糖尿病患者肠道乳酸杆菌菌种数量的改变

目的:明确2型糖尿病患者与正常对照人群比较是否存在总乳酸杆菌及其具体菌种嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌数目的差异,以及探索乳酸杆菌与血糖、血脂等代谢指标是否相关.方法:选取2型糖尿病患者50人、正常对照者30人作为研究对象,两组性别、年龄、BMI相匹配.检测糖尿病患者空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、血脂、C反应蛋白等指标,并收集糖尿病患者及对照者粪便提取细菌总DNA,通过实时荧光定量PCR方法测定目标细菌的拷贝数.结果:2型糖尿病组肠道乳酸杆菌(P<0.001)及嗜酸乳杆菌(P<0.001)、保加利亚乳杆菌(P<0.001)、干酪乳杆菌(P=0.008)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(P<0.001)显著高于对照组,且乳酸杆菌与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著负相关(P=0.04).结论:2型糖尿病患者肠道总乳酸杆菌及其某些具体菌种数量增多,乳酸杆菌数量的改变对血脂也存在影响.通过饮食调节肠道乳酸杆菌含量可能有助于改善糖尿病、高脂血症等代谢性疾病.     

激光共聚焦显微镜观察阴道来源乳杆菌生物膜的形成

目的:采用激光共聚焦显微镜技术动态观察一株女性阴道来源卷曲乳杆菌生物膜的形成过程. 方法:使用体外盖玻片生物膜培养法,培养阴道来源卷曲乳杆菌的生物膜,在培养2、4、8、12、16、20、24、48、72、96、120 h后取出盖玻片,用异硫氰酸荧光素标记的刀豆蛋白A( fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugatedconcanavalin A,FITC-conA)和碘化丙啶( andpropidium,PI)双重免疫荧光染色,激光共聚焦显微镜( confocal laser scanning microscopy, CLSM)观察卷曲乳杆菌生物膜形成过程与特点. 结果:获得生物膜形成过程不同时间点的CLSM图像,观察到卷曲乳杆菌在4 h即开始有散在的细菌黏附于盖玻片上,为可逆吸附期;8~20 h细菌黏附量逐渐增加,进入不可逆吸附期,20 h细菌聚集成团,生物膜初步形成;24~48 h形成大片的生物膜菌落,细菌镶嵌在大量多糖基质中,结构紧密,形态稳定,生物膜成熟;72 h后生物膜菌落开始解聚. 培养20 h乳杆菌生物膜密度为42. 7 × 10 -3 ± 6. 83 × 10 -3 ,24 h上升为102.5 ×10 -3 ±23.14 ×10 -3,两者相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明培养24 h乳杆菌生物膜形成. 结论:该株阴道来源卷曲乳杆菌在体外可形成生物膜,24 h可形成成熟的生物膜,72 h生物膜开始解聚再定植.     

乳酸菌对肠粘膜通透性及中小分子尿毒素清除的影响

目的研究乳酸菌对慢性肾衰竭大鼠的肠粘膜通透性及中小分子尿毒素清除的影响。方法40只SD大鼠分为正常对照组（10只）行假手术,30只作5/6肾切除后分为肾衰竭病理对照组、双歧杆菌治疗组和乳酸杆菌治疗组。喂养1周后处死动物留取血粪标本。用紫外线吸收法测定血/粪中分子物质（MMS）。尿素（UN）和肌酐（Cr）;用酶偶联紫外分光度法检测血D-乳酸。结果病理对照组血、粪MMS和UN、Cr均升高（P〈0.01）;血浆D-乳酸含量增高（P〈0.01）。双歧杆菌治疗组和乳酸杆菌治疗组较病理对照组的血浆D-乳酸含量降低（P〈0.01）;BUN、SCr均降低（P〈0.01）;而粪UN、Cr均增加（P〈0.01）。结论双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌均可维持慢性肾衰竭大鼠肠粘膜正常通透性,加速肠道清除MMS,分解肠道内尿素和肌酐降低其血中的浓度。     

Effect of lactobacillus on the gut microfiora and barrier function of the rats with abdominal infection

AIM: To investigate the effect of probiotics supplemented by gut on the tight junctions of epithelial cells, barrier function and the microflora of rats with abdominal infection. METHODS: After the model of cecal ligation and perforation established, SD rats were divided into two groups: parenteral nutrition (PN) group and PN+probiotics (probiotics) group, PN solution was supplemented by neck vein and probiotics was delivered via the jejunostomy tube for five days. Vena cava blood and the homogenated tissue of liver, lung and mesenteric lymph nodes were cultured to determine the bacterial translocation rate (BTR). The ultrastructure of epithelial tight junctions and microvilli of the gut were observed by electron microscopy; occluding expression was measured by indirect-immune fluorescence method; anaerobic bacterial growth by anaerobic culture and DNA fingerprint of bacterial colonies of the feces by PCR. RESULTS: The quantity of lactobacteria and bifydobacteria in probiotics group was higher than that of PN group. The profiles of DNA fingerprint expression in probiotics group were similar to that in the normal group, a new 16S rDNA sequence appeared in the profile in PN group. The occludin expression, the integrality of the gut epithelial tight junctionand microvilli in probiotics group were improved as compared with PN group. The BTR and endotoxin in blood were reduced more significantly in probiotics group as compared with PN group.CONCLUSION: The probiotics could improve the gut microflora disturbance, increase occludin expression, maintain the gut epithelial tight junction and decrease the bacterial translocations rate.     

Multicenter randomized controlled trial of heat‐killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LB in patients with chronic diarrhea

OBJECTIVE: Chronic diarrhea is a common bowel disorder, and disturbance of intestinal microorganisms may play a role in its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of lyophilized heat‐killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LB compared with living lactobacilli in the treatment of chronic diarrhea. METHODS: One hundred and thirty‐seven patients with chronic diarrhea were randomly allocated to receive either a 4‐week course of two capsules of Lacteol Fort twice a day as the Lacteol group (69 patients completed the course) or a 4‐week course of five chewable tablets of Lacidophilin three times a day as the Lacidophilin group (64 patients completed the course). The frequency of stools was recorded quantitatively and the semiquantitative parameters such as stool consistency, abdominal pain, distension and feeling of incomplete evacuation were evaluated. RESULTS: At the second and fourth week of the treatment, the mean bowel frequency was significantly lower in the Lacteol group than in the Lacidophilin group (1.88 ± 1.24 vs 2.64 ± 1.12, 1.39 ± 0.92 vs 2.19 ± 1.05, respectively; P < 0.05). At the end of the treatment, the clinical symptoms were markedly improved in the Lacteol group. CONCLUSIONS: Lactobacillus acidophilus LB is more effective than living lactobacilli in the treatment of chronic diarrhea.     

Lactobacillus plantarum 299v Inhibits Escherichia coli-Induced Intestinal Permeability

The purpose of this work was to investigate whether a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, could affect Escherichia coli-induced passage of mannitol across the intestinal wall. Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated for one week by either tube feeding with L. plantarum 299v twice daily, free access to L. plantarum 299v by adding the bacterium in the drinking water, or negative control receiving regular feeding. Intestinal segments were mounted in Ussing chambers and the mucosa was exposed to control medium, E. coli, and L. plantarum 299v (alone or together). [¹⁴C]Mannitol was added as a marker of intestinal permeability and samples were taken from the serosal side. E. coli exposure induced a 53% increase in mannitol passage across the intestinal wall (P < 0.05). One week of pretreatment with L. plantarum 299v in the drinking water abolished the E. coli-induced increase in permeability. Tube feeding for one week or short-term addition of L. plantarum 299v in the Ussing chambers had no effect on the permeability provoked by E. coli challenge. Notably, L. plantarum 299v itself did not change the intestinal passage of mannitol. These data demonstrate that pretreatment with L. plantarum 299v, which is a probiotic bacterium, protects against E. coli-induced increase in intestinal permeability, and that L. plantarum 299v alone has no influence on the intestinal permeability. Thus, this study supports the concept that probiotics may exert beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract.