卧式搅拌床反应器的返混特性

在卧式搅拌床反应器冷模实验装置中,使用不同的聚丙烯粉料,采用脉冲示踪法测定了不同搅拌桨结构下的停留时间分布,同时分别采用多级全混釜串联模型和双参数模型对实验结果进行了模拟计算。结果表明：叶片桨的卧式釜搅拌返混最大,最接近于全混流;T型桨的卧式釜搅拌返混最小,最接近于平推流。     

聚丙烯输液瓶中添加剂的迁移研究

目的:聚丙烯输液瓶是高风险的输液类包装容器,本研究重点考察我国聚丙烯输液瓶中添加剂的迁移是否会影响所包装的药品质量和安全。方法:分别采用HPLC法、ICP法对聚丙烯输液瓶中药液的抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂168和水滑石中的铝、镁在药液中的迁移量进行研究。结果:39个企业的59批药品溶液中均未检出抗氧剂,镁、铝2种离子在其中的迁移量大都小于0.05 mg.L-1。结论:研究结果表明,所检测的聚丙烯输液瓶中的添加剂的迁移不影响药品使用的安全。     

负极性驻极体对美洛昔康贴剂透皮吸收的促渗作用

目的:检测SD大鼠经皮给予美洛昔康4 h内的血药浓度和给药面皮肤浸出液中的浓度,以及荧光素钠(NaFI)在SD大鼠完整皮肤中的定位和荧光强度,探讨负极性驻极体对美洛昔康透皮的促渗作用以及驻极体促渗的主要途径。方法:利用药剂学方法和栅控恒压电晕充电技术制备驻极体美洛昔康贴剂;采用高效液相色谱法检测美洛昔康的浓度;以NaFI为探针,通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)考察其在皮肤中的定位及透皮路径情况。结果:(1)负极性驻极体及其驻极体美洛昔康贴剂具有良好的电荷储存稳定性;(2)高效液相色谱检测表明经皮给药4 h内驻极体对美洛昔康的透皮促进作用明显;(3)LSCM研究结果进一步验证了驻极体对小分子的促渗作用,同时证实了驻极体促进药物透皮的主要途径是角质层间脂和毛囊孔扩散。结论:负极性驻极体可以作为美洛昔康透皮吸收的一个促进因子。     

Clinical pathway for tension-free vaginal mesh procedure: Evaluation in 300 patients with pelvic organ prolapse

Objectives:   To evaluate a clinical pathway of discharge on postoperative day 3 for the tension-free vaginal mesh (TVM) procedure in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP).
Methods:   Between May 2006 and December 2007, 305 consecutive women with POP quantification stage 3 or 4 were planned to undergo the TVM procedure in a single general hospital. Excluding five patients with concomitant hysterectomy, a pathway (removal of the indwelling urethral catheter on the next morning, discharge on postoperative day 3) was applied to the remaining 300 patients. The perioperative complications and postoperative hospitalization were prospectively evaluated in this case series.
Results:   Perioperative complications were: bladder injury (11 cases, 3.7%), vaginal wall hematoma (two cases, 0.7%), rectal injury (one case, 0.3%) and temporary hydronephrosis (one case, 0.3%). None needed blood transfusion. The indwelling urethral catheters were removed on the next morning as in the pathway in 287 cases (95.6%), and none required clean intermittent catheterization at home. Postoperative hospitalization was within 3 days in 280 cases (93.3%). The six cases (2.0%) with longer hospitalization were due to complications (two cases of bladder injury, one of rectal injury, one of blood loss over 200 mL, one of temporary urinary retention, and one of hydronephrosis). Two patients were re-hospitalized within one month due to vaginal bleeding or gluteal pain.
Conclusions:   Patients generally accepted the pathway of discharge on postoperative day 3 in spite of the Japanese culture preferring a longer hospital stay.     

质量提取法测试直立式聚丙烯输液袋包装的葡萄糖注射液密封完整性

目的 建立质量提取法对直立式聚丙烯输液袋包装的葡萄糖注射液（规格：250 mL：12.5 g）的密封完整性进行测试。方法 进行方法参数设定及系统适用性、检出限与检测范围、耐用性、精密度等方法学验证,以及对直立式聚丙烯输液袋包装的葡萄糖注射液（规格：250 mL：12.5 g）加速0、3、6个月样品的密封完整性进行测定。结果 质量提取法方法检出限为3 μm;精密度（RSD）为2.07%~5.60%。结论 本次研究采用的质量提取法可以用于直立式聚丙烯输液袋的密封完整性测试,该方法灵敏度较高,操作简单,结果真实可靠。     

直立式聚丙烯输液袋细胞毒性检测

目的评价聚丙烯输液袋的细胞毒性情况.方法本实验选取了3个不同批次的样品,采用琼脂覆盖法来进行直立式聚丙烯输液袋的细胞毒性检测.结果在琼脂覆盖法试验中,使用L-929细胞在直立式聚丙烯输液袋检测过程中未观察到明显的脱色区和细胞溶解现象,细胞毒性评级为0级.结论直立式聚丙烯输液器无细胞毒性作用,值得在静脉输液中推广使用.     

Outcome of mid-urethral sling procedures in Korean women with stress urinary incontinence according to body mass index

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine whether the outcome of mid-urethral sling procedures is influenced by the body mass index of Korean women suffering from stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: A total of 285 women, ranging in age from 28 to 80 years (mean 55.4), all of whom were followed up for at least 6 months, were ultimately included in this study. The patients were classified as follows: normal weight, 18.5-23 kg/m2; overweight, 23-27.5 kg/m2; obesity, 27.5 kg/m2 or higher. RESULTS: We noted bladder perforations in 11 cases (4.9%, 3.8% and 2.2% in the normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups, respectively; P = 0.449). We determined there to be no significant differences among the three groups with regard to cure rate (P = 0.173). The rates of postoperative urinary retention were 9.9% in the normal weight group, 10.1% in the overweight group, and 15.6% in the obesity group (P = 0.396). We determined there to be no significant differences among the three groups with regard to the persistence of urgency (P = 0.312). Seventy-nine patients (27.7%) exhibited symptoms indicative of voiding disorder (hesitancy, poor flow, or sensations of incomplete emptying). The postoperative development of these voiding symptoms was not significantly different among the three groups (P = 0.106). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate both the feasibility and the safety of mid-urethral sling procedures for obese Korean women who suffer from SUI. Additional studies, including prospective randomized trials with longer follow-up periods, will be required in order to confirm these findings.     

Near Infrared Investigation of Polypropylene–Clay Nanocomposites for Further Quality Control Purposes—Opportunities and Limitations

Polymer nanocomposites are usually characterized using various methods, such as small angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) or transmission electron microscopy, to gain insights into the morphology of the material. The disadvantages of these common characterization methods are that they are expensive and time consuming in terms of sample preparation and testing. In this work, near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) spectroscopy is used to characterize nanocomposites produced using a unique twin-screw mini-mixer, which is able to replicate, at ~25 g scale, the same mixing quality as in larger scale twin screw extruders. We correlated the results of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, G′ and G″ from rotational rheology, Young’s modulus, and tensile strength with those of NIR spectroscopy. Our work has demonstrated that NIR-technology is suitable for quantitative characterization of such properties. Furthermore, the results are very promising regarding the fact that the NIR probe can be installed in a nanocomposite-processing twin screw extruder to measure inline and in real time, and could be used to help optimize the compounding process for increased quality, consistency, and enhanced product properties.     

单丝聚丙烯补片修补老年腹壁巨大切口疝治疗体会

目的 分析应用单丝聚丙烯补片修补老年腹壁巨大切口疝的治疗效果.方法 采集2006年1月至2009年12月我院老年巨大切口疝患者36例,使用单丝聚丙烯补片修补,其中肌鞘前修补(Onlay法)12例,肌肉与肌肉间修补(Inlay法)5例,肌肉后腹膜前修补(Sublay法)19例.结果 无切口感染,皮下积液6例,均为Onlay法,9例有不同程度异物感,但不妨碍日常生活.平均随访24个月,无复发.结论 应用单丝聚丙烯补片无张力修补老年腹壁巨大切口疝,可取得满意疗效,采用妥善的术中、术后处理方法,可减少术后并发症的发生.