支气管镜在早期识别重症肺炎支原体肺炎中的价值

目的:探讨支气管镜在早期识别重症肺炎支原体肺炎中的价值。方法:回顾性分析2017年5月~2018年5月在本院就诊的75例肺炎支原体肺炎患者的病例资料,按照患者的患病程度分为普通组和重症组。两组患者均行支气管镜检查,比较两组患者支气管镜下的表现。结果:75例患者均出现发热伴咳嗽,病变部位黏膜可见不同程度充血、水肿并有粘液性分泌物,两组患者比较,气管黏膜纵行皱襞出现率(P>0.05),差异无统计学意义;粘液或痰栓堵塞、炎性肿胀致狭窄、黏膜表面结节样凸起、黏膜糜烂出现率(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论:重症肺炎支原体肺炎患者早期支气管镜检查发现,具有更高的粘液或痰栓堵塞、炎性肿胀致狭窄、黏膜表面结节样凸起、黏膜糜烂出现率,这些临床表现可作为不典型症状为重症肺炎支原体肺炎患者的早期诊断提供依据。     

Sleep time and sleep-related symptoms across two generations – results of the community-based RHINE and RHINESSA studies

Study objectivesTo analyze the association between sleep-related symptoms and sleep length in parents and their children in relation to other risk factors in both generations.MethodThe participants were parents (n = 5,855, age 54.3 ± 6.5 years, 45.2% men) who participated in the community-based Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) study and one random member of their adult offspring (n = 5,855, age 30.2 ± 7.7 years, 41.5% men) who participated in the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) study. Both generations responded to identical questionnaires on sleep symptoms, including difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS), early morning awakening (EMA), snoring, nocturnal sweating, nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (nGER), sleep time and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Insomnia was defined as either, or both, DIS and DMS in combination with EDS.ResultsAll sleep variables except nocturnal sweating were more common in offspring whose parents had reported the same symptom. After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, smoking, physical activity, education, center and parents' total number of children, there were independent associations between sleep symptoms in parents and offspring for DIS (adj. OR, 95% CI: 1.52, 1.20–1.93), DMS (1.34, 1.15–1.56), snoring (1.45, 1.15,1.83), nGER (1.65, 1.15–2.37), insomnia (1.39, 1.13–1.73), short sleep time (<6 h/night) (2.51, 1.72–3.68) and EDS (1.48, 1.26,1.72). There were no independent relationships between symptoms in parents and offspring for EMA, nocturnal sweating or long sleep time (>9 h/night).ConclusionThe familiar aggregation of many sleep disturbances was not explained by investigated lifestyle and environmental factors. This supports a heritable factor in sleep problems.     

生物标志物的联合检测对矽肺早期辅助诊断的价值

目的：探讨联合检测生物标志物应用于矽肺早期辅助诊断的灵敏度和特异性。方法：采用立意抽样法，选取65例男性矽肺患者为病例组，以70例接触游离二氧化硅的在岗作业人员为对照组。清晨空腹采集外周血并分离血清，采用比色法测定对照人群和矽肺患者血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）水平；酶联免疫吸附法测定白细胞介素-6（IL-6）及肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平，以矽肺I期患者血清中有显著性变化的生物标志物（MDA、IL-6和TNF-α）检测数据为数据集，绘制受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）并建立Logistic回归模型，评估联合检测上述生物标志物对矽肺早期辅助诊断的价值。结果：与对照组相比，矽肺患者血清中SOD表达水平无显著变化（P > 0.05）；矽肺I期及Ⅱ期患者血清中MDA及IL-6表达水平显著升高（P < 0.05）；矽肺I期患者血清中TNF-α表达水平显著升高（P < 0.05）。回归模型结果显示，ROC曲线下面积排序为：3个指标联合检测（0.89） > IL-6（0.86） > MDA（0.81） > TNF-α（0.65）。结论：IL-6、TNF-α和MDA的联合检测可以提高矽肺早期辅助诊断的灵敏度和特异性。     

稽留流产孕早期预测模型的构建与验证

目的构建稽留流产(missed abortion,MA)患者在孕早期流产危险因素列线图。方法纳入2017年2月至2019年10月因稽留流产于中国建筑第二工程局职工医院治疗的孕妇125例为研究组,随机纳入同时期正常孕妇126例为对照组,分析两组患者临床基本资料:年龄、环境因素、动物接触史、叶酸使用、文化程度、流产情况、疾病史、激素水平等。采用Logistic回归分析对孕早期发生稽留流产的危险因素进行分析,应用R软件建立孕早期稽留流产预测列线图,并进行验证。结果研究组孕妇年龄、睾酮(testosterone,T)水平高于对照组,而催乳素(prolactin,PRL)、雌二醇(estradiol,E2)、孕酮(progesterone,P)水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析提示孕妇年龄(OR=1.809,P=0.003)、吸烟饮酒(OR=78.120、P=0.044)、职业暴露(OR=61.238,P=0.021)、T水平(OR=5.432,P=0.001)是孕早期发生MA的危险因素。PRL(OR=0.376,P=0.003)、E2(OR=0.258,P=0.016)、P(OR=0.396,P=0.005)是孕早期发生MA的保护因素。预测孕早期MA发生的相关危险因素的C-index为0.912(95%CI:0.874-0.943)。结论列线图中孕妇年龄、环境因素、激素水平能较准确的预测孕早期发生MA的风险。     

扶正化痰固本方对早期非小细胞肺癌术后患者免疫功能的影响

目的:观察扶正化痰固本方运用于早期非小细胞肺癌术后的临床疗效及其对患者免疫功能的影响。方法:将70例早期非小细胞肺癌患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各35例。两组患者均接受肺癌切除术治疗,对照组术后3周开始接受MVP方案化疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用扶正化痰固本方治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效及治疗前后中医证候积分、卡氏评分(karnofsky performance status,KPS)及生活质量评分变化情况。检测两组患者治疗前后免疫功能指标、血清肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)、糖类抗原153(carbohydrate antigen 153,CA153)]水平。结果:观察组有效率为91.43%,对照组有效率为71.43%,两组患者有效率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后中医证候积分低于本组治疗前,且观察组治疗后低于对照组治疗后,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后免疫功能指标检测结果低于本组治疗前,且观察组治疗后低于对照组治疗后,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后血清CEA、CA153水平低于治疗前,KPS评分、QLQ-C30评分均高于治疗前,且观察组治疗后血清CEA、CA153水平低于对照组,KPS评分、QLQ-C30评分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组胃肠道反应及骨髓抑制发生率均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:扶正化痰固本方运用于早期肺癌术后,能够有效改善患者免疫功能,减轻毒副反应,提高患者生活质量。     

加味金宁方抑制磨玻璃样早期肺癌术后复发的临床评价

  目的：观察加味金宁方对磨玻璃样早期肺癌术后复发的抑制作用。  方法：将72例磨玻璃样早期肺癌术后患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组36例。治疗组服用加味金宁方,对照组服用1/20剂量加味金宁方。两组均连续服药1年或至病情进展,观察实体瘤疗效、免疫疗效,比较中医证候积分的变化情况。  结果：①试验过程中治疗组、对照组各脱落3例,最终有效完成试验的病例66例,治疗组、对照组各33例。②实体瘤疗效:在术后1年内,治疗组、对照组的疾病控制率分别为93.94%、72.73%；治疗组实体瘤疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。③免疫疗效:术后3个月治疗组、对照组有效率分别为75.76%、69.70%,两组免疫疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；术后6个月、术后9个月、术后12个月两组免疫疗效比较,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。④治疗后,两组中医证候积分均呈持续下降趋势,与本组前一观察时点比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；术后6个月、术后9个月、术后12个月组间比较,治疗组中医证候积分低于对照组(P<0.05)。  结论：加味金宁方对磨玻璃样早期肺癌术后复发具有一定的抑制作用,且有助于促进机体免疫功能的恢复,并改善中医证候,值得临床推广应用。     

Advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases

The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing as human longevity increases. The objective biomarkers that enable the staging and early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases are eagerly anticipated. It has recently become possible to determine pathological changes in the brain without autopsy with the advancement of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is a robust tool used to evaluate brain microstructural complexity and integrity, axonal order, density, and myelination via the micron-scale displacement of water molecules diffusing in tissues. Diffusion tensor imaging, a type of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging technique is widely utilized in clinical and research settings;however, it has several limitations. To overcome these limitations, cutting-edge diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as diffusional kurtosis imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, and free water imaging, have been recently proposed and applied to evaluate the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. This review focused on the main applications, findings, and future directions of advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques in patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, the first and second most common neurodegenerative diseases, respectively.