Functional and cognitive rehabilitation interventions during intensive care admission: A protocol for a systematic integrative review

Background

Long-term cognitive impairment occurs in up to 60% of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. Early use of functional and cognitive rehabilitation interventions, while patients are still in ICU, may reduce cognitive decline. We aim to describe the functional and cognitive interventions used during the ICU stay, the healthcare professionals providing interventions, and the potential impact on functional and cognitive rehabilitation.

Method

In this integrative systematic review, we will include empirical qualitative, quantitative, mixed- and multiple-methods studies assessing the use of functional and cognitive rehabilitation provided in ICU. We will identify studies in relevant electronic databases from 2012 to 2022, which will be screened for eligibility by at least two reviewers. Literature reported as narrative reviews and editorials will be excluded. We will assess the impact of interventions evaluating a cognitive and functional function, quality of life, and all-cause mortality at 6–12 months after ICU discharge. The Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias Tool will be used for assessing risk of bias in clinical trials. For observational studies, we will use the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Furthermore, we will use the critical appraisal skills programme for qualitative studies and the mixed methods appraisal tool for mixed methods studies. We will construct four matrices, including results describing which ICU patients and healthcare professionals were engaged in rehabilitation, which interventions were included in early rehabilitation in ICU, the potential impact on patient outcomes of rehabilitation interventions provided in ICU and a narrative synthesis of themes. A summary of the main results will be reported using modified GRADE methodology.

Impact

This integrative review will inform the feasibility randomised clinical trial testing the development of a complex intervention targeting functional and cognitive rehabilitation for patients in ICU.     

全身型幼年特发性关节炎患儿合并巨噬细胞活化综合征早期预警量表建立的研究

目的　总结全身型幼年特发性关节炎（sJIA）合并巨噬细胞活化综合征（MAS）的早期临床特征、实验室及辅助检查特点，筛选对诊断MAS有预警作用的检测指标，并量化形成量表，以达到快速对疾病“早识别，早治疗，降低病死率”的目的。方法　回顾性分析2006年1月至2016年1月，北京儿童医院风湿免疫科收治sJIA合并MAS患儿的病例资料，在临床及辅助检查观测指标中筛选出对早期诊断MAS有评估意义的候选指标；通过ROC曲线的方法选择最佳的诊断界限值（Cut-off值）；采用多因素Logistic回归分析MAS独立危险因素，效果以优势比（OR）表示，计算95％置信区间；经过同行评议对上述因素进行权重分值量化并最终形成积分表。结果　390例sJIA患儿，其中141例合并MAS。临床表现全部患儿均有高热、肝脾和（或）淋巴结进行性增大、血液系统受累，中枢神经系统受累患儿19例。单因素Logistic回归及ROC曲线分析结果显示，MAS组和重症sJIA组比较，10个变量存在显著差异（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示，Fib ≤3.11g/L、WBC≤11.0×109/L、SF/ESR≥99.4及PLT≤260×109/L为MAS的独立危险因素。绘制模型ROC曲线，灵敏度和特异度分别为92.42%、81.20%。经过30位同行专家评议并投票，分别对上述患儿进行MAS诊断，并对各项临床表现及检验检查项目进行权重值评分，形成早期预警量表。结论　临床表现结合辅助检查结果，利用积分量表的形式，快速判断重症sJIA是否合并早期MAS，对诊断窗口提前，提高MAS诊断率，降低漏诊及前瞻性研究提供参考。     

Methods for Early Assessment of the Societal Value of Health Technologies: A Scoping Review and Proposal for Classification

ObjectivesEarly assessments of health technologies help to better align and integrate their development and assessment. Such assessments can take many forms and serve different purposes, hampering users in their selection of the most appropriate method for a specific goal. The aim of this scoping review was to structure the large set of methods according to their specific goal.MethodsA scoping review was conducted using PubMed and reference lists of retrieved articles, to identify review studies with a methodological focus. From the included reviews, all individual methods were listed. Based on additional literature and examples, we extracted the specific goal of each method. All goals were clustered to derive a set of subclasses and methods were grouped into these subclasses.ResultsOf the 404 screened, 5 reviews were included, and 1 was added when searching reference lists. The reviews described 56 methods, of which 43 (77%) were included and classified as methods to (1) explore the nature and magnitude of the problem, (2) estimate the nature and magnitude of the expected (societal) value, (3) identify conditions for the potential value to materialize, and (4) help develop and design the type of research that is needed.ConclusionsThe wide range of methods for exploring the societal value of health technologies at an early stage of development can be subdivided into a limited number of classes, distinguishing methods according to their specific objective. This facilitates selection of appropriate methods, depending on the specific needs and aims.     

Masimo SET(R)Rad-57碳氧血氧测量仪在急性一氧化碳中毒急救中的应用

目的:探讨Masimo SET(R)Rad-57碳氧血氧测量仪在急性一氧化碳中毒患者早期诊断中的价值。方法:将2013年11月-2014年4月收治的急性一氧化碳中毒患者35例按照临床症状和体征分为轻、中、重度一氧化碳中毒,并与Masimo SET(R)Rad-57碳氧血氧测量仪测得的碳氧血红蛋白饱和度进行比较。结果:Masimo SET(R)Rad-57碳氧血氧测量仪测得的碳氧血红蛋白饱和度与一氧化碳中毒的病情相符,且轻、中、重度组间均有显著性差异(P均0.01)。结论:急诊科应用Masimo SET(R)Rad-57碳氧血氧测量仪对一氧化碳中毒患者有早期诊断价值。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期胃癌 扩大指征的安全性分析

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期胃癌扩大指征的安全性。 方法 回顾性分析该院2005年12月~2013年5月行胃癌根治术的早期胃癌病理资料，筛选出符合内镜黏膜下剥离术扩大指征的病例，比较不同浸润深度、分化类型的淋巴结转移情况。 结果 入组157例患者中发生淋巴结转移13例。黏膜内癌（m癌）、黏膜肌层癌（mm癌）、分化型黏膜下层癌（sm1癌）的淋巴结患者转移率分别为0.0%（0/18）、6.6%（4/61）、11.5%（9/78），3组间比较（χ2=2.954，P =0.228）、m癌与mm癌比较（χ2=1.243，P =0.265）、mm癌与分化型sm1癌比较（χ2=1.002，P =0.317），差异均无显著性（P >0.05）。分化好与分化差的淋巴结转移率分别为2.3%（2/86）、15.5%（11/71），比较（χ2=8.879，P =0.003），差异具有显著性（P <0.05）。 结论 大部分符合扩大指征的早期胃癌行内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗是安全可行的，黏膜内癌更为可靠，黏膜下癌因缺乏精确的术前评价体系，需慎重选择内镜下治疗，尤其是分化程度差者，建议行胃癌根治术。     

D-二聚体对缺血性肠病及其严重程度的临床早期诊断价值

目的探讨D-二聚体对缺血性肠病及其严重程度的临床早期诊断价值。方法回顾近13年来该院消化科收治的缺血性肠病患者59例为观察组,及同期收治的内镜下证实的反流性食管炎、消化性溃疡(合并出血者除外)、胃肠道息肉患者共59例为对照组,比较两组入院后24h内D-二聚体水平之间的差异,并进一步比较观察组中有溃疡与无溃疡者、单发溃疡与多发溃疡者之间D-二聚体的差异。结果入院后24h内D-二聚体水平,观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但仍在正常范围内。观察组中,有溃疡组与无溃疡组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),单发溃疡组与多发溃疡组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论该研究不支持D-二聚体可用于缺血性肠病的临床早期诊断,且其与病情的严重程度无明显相关。