经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

胸腔镜亚肺叶切除术治疗Ⅰ期高龄非小细胞肺癌的临床效果

目的 探讨Ⅰ期高龄非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)采用胸腔镜亚肺叶切除术治疗的效果及对肺功能及并发症的影响。方法 选择2018年6月—2020年6月于本院就诊的144例高龄NSCLC患者,采用随机数字表法分为2组,每组各72例。对照组实施胸腔镜肺叶切除术,观察组实施胸腔镜亚肺叶切除术。对比2组手术相关指标、肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1 s用力呼气量(FEV1)和最大通气量(MVV)]及并发症。结果 观察组术中出血量(79.25±21.38)mL,低于对照组的(138.47±22.48)mL(t=16.197,P<0.001),手术时间(104.65±23.16)min,短于对照组的(116.48±29.57)min(t=2.673,P=0.008),疼痛(VAS)评分(3.72±1.20)分,低于对照组的(7.11±2.31)分(t=11.050,P<0.001);观察组术后FEV1(1.51±0.13)L、FVC(2.28±0.20)L、MVV(58.20±3.92)L/min,高于对照组的(1.32±0.11)L、(1.82±0.19)L、(53.76±2.81)L/min(t=9.467、12.304、7.811,P<0.001);观察组并发症发生率2.78%,低于对照组的13.89%(χ2=4.455,P=0.035)。结论 Ⅰ期高龄NSCLC采用胸腔镜亚肺叶切除术治疗可最大程度保护肺功能,降低术后并发症,安全性较高,利于患者预后。     

血清IL-6、IL-17水平对AECOPD合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值及病原菌分析

目的分析血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)水平对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值及病原菌情况。方法选取2018年12月至2020年12月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院呼吸内科收治的203例AECOPD患者作为研究对象,根据患者是否合并肺部感染将121例患者作为感染组,82例患者作为非感染组,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中IL-6、IL-17水平,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估IL-6、IL-17诊断效能,检测患者痰液病原菌分布情况,分析AECOPD合并肺部感染的危险因素。结果感染组血清IL-6、IL-17水平高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IL-6对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断AUC为0.753,IL-17对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断曲线下面积(Area Under Curve,AUC)为0.781,联合诊断对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断AUC为0.894(95%CI:0.814～0.997),明显高于单项(P<0.05);AECOPD合并肺部感染患者病原菌中革兰氏阴性菌占63.30%,革兰氏阳性菌占31.19%,真菌占5.51%;年龄≥60岁、住院时间≥14天、机械通气时间≥48 h、血清IL-6≥35.28 ng/L、血清IL-17≥288.17 ng/L均是AECOPD合并肺部感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血清IL-6、IL-17是AECOPD合并肺部感染的早期诊断指标及危险因素,AECOPD合并肺部感染病原菌主要为革兰氏阴性菌株。     

探讨儿童心脏神经官能症的发生诱因

目的探讨儿童心脏神经官能症的发生诱因。方法选取2017年1月至2020年4月本院门诊部及住院部收治的70例心脏神经官能症患儿作为研究对象,分析患儿疾病诱发因素。结果 70例患儿中,肺炎支原体感染26例(37.1%),EB病毒感染15例(21.4%),情绪不良20例(28.6%),ASO升高5例(7.2%),其他4例(5.7%)。结论导致儿童出现心脏神经官能症的因素较多,其中最常见因素包括肺炎支原体感染、EB病毒感染、不良情绪等,临床医师需根据诱因消除疾病症状。     

肺移植治疗特发性肺纤维化合并扁平胸1例及文献复习

目的探讨肺移植治疗终末期特发性肺纤维化合并扁平胸的临床特点及供受体匹配的研究进展。方法患者女, 40岁, 以"间断咳嗽伴胸闷、气短2年, 加重1个月"入院。38岁时被诊断为特发性肺纤维化, 随着病情进展肺活量逐渐下降, 胸廓逐渐扁平、膈肌逐渐上抬。回顾性分析其临床资料并进行文献复习。以"肺移植"和"扁平胸"为检索词检索中国知网及万方医学网中文文献数据库;以"lung transplantation"及"flat chest""为检索词检索PubMed数据库, 检索时间截止到2022年7月。结果 2021年7月26日顺利为患者完成了同种异体序贯式双肺移植, 术后分别于18、38 h成功撤除体外膜氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMO)和呼吸机, 术后2周顺利出院。移植后患者胸壁扁平情况逐渐改善。目前肺移植术后1年, 随访病情良好。检索到相关英文文献9篇, 除外1篇综述文章外, 其中5篇患者资料相对完善, 共43例, 男性22例, 女性21例, 年龄范围24～58岁;活体双侧肺叶移植11例, 尸体双肺移植14例, 尸体单肺移植18例。另外,...     

基于“大病以胃”思想诊治新型冠状病毒肺炎的肺脾相关性探讨

注重胃气是中医学独特的诊疗特色。“大病以胃”思想是山西门氏杂病流派治疗疑难疾病的一项重要治则。“大病”之“大”，既指疾病的病程，又指症状、病情、预后等。在新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19)诊治过程中，要充分认识到新型冠状病毒肺炎的病位不仅在肺，同时也在脾，与宗气相关。治疗时当从人体整体功能状态出发，肺脾同调，扶助胃气，调整脏腑功能，增强宗气，促进患者机体恢复正常的功能状态，从而治愈疾病。“大病以胃”思想作为中医药传承几千年形成的经典理论，是中医实证精华，是秉承中医最好的表达。“大病以胃”思想可为COVID-19的诊疗提供新的诊疗思路。     

七氟醚复合依托咪酯维持麻醉对胸腔镜手术单肺通气时应激反应的影响

目的分析七氟醚复合依托咪酯维持麻醉对胸腔镜手术单肺通气时应激反应的影响。 方法选取2018年5月至2021年5月我院胸腔镜手术者91例，随机分为对照组43例，观察组48例。对照组术中采用七氟醚复合丙泊酚维持麻醉，观察组术中采用七氟醚复合依托咪酯维持麻醉。比较两组手术时间、单肺通气时间与麻醉恢复，呼吸恢复时间、清醒时间、拔管时间，对比麻醉诱导前(T0)、单肺通气开始前(T1)、单肺通气30 min后(T2)、手术结束时(T3)血流动力学MAP、HR、SpO₂及MDA、SOD、Cor。 结果观察组呼吸恢复时间、清醒时间、拔管时间短于对照组(P<0.05)；T1、T2时对照组MAP高于T0，HR、SpO₂低于T0，T2时对照组MAP高于T1，HR、SpO₂低于T1；T1、T2时观察组MAP低于对照组，HR、SpO₂高于对照组；T2、T3时两组MDA、Cor高于T0、T1，SOD水平低于T0、T1，且T3时两组MDA、Cor水平高于T2，SOD低于T2(P<0.05)；T2、T3时观察组MDA、Cor低于对照组。 结论七氟醚复合依托咪酯维持麻醉应用于胸腔镜手术单肺通气中能促进麻醉恢复，血流动力学稳定，减轻应激反应。