应用超声检查评价高血压患者血管僵硬度与心功能的关系

Objective To assess the relationship between arterial stiffness and heart function in patients with hypertension using ultrasonography. Methods A total of 167 patients with hypertension and 165 controls were enrolled, and the parameters of arterial stiffness and heart function were measured and calculated. The results were analyzed and compared. Results The ratio of peak early-diastolic mitral orifice flow velocity and peak early-diastolic mitral annular velocity in left ventricular posterior wall (E/e), and Tei index were significantly higher in hypertension group than in controls(E/e: 10.92±3.14 vs. 7.70 ±1.56, Teiindex: 0.58±0.13 vs. 0.45±0.09, both P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference in ejection fraction (EF) between the two groups. In hypertension group, the parameters of arterial stiffness including β value, pressure-strain elastic modulus (Ep), pulse wave velocity (PWVβ) and arterial compliance were 11.0±5.2, (172.6±83.8)kPa, (7.8±1.6) m/s and (0.6±0.2) mm2/ kPa. In control group, the corresponding data were 7.5±3.0, (97.1±45.4) kPa, (5.9±1.3) m/s and (0.8±0.3) mm2/kPa. There were significant differences between the two groups (all P＜0.05). The E/e was positively correlated with Ep and PWVβ(γ=0.316 and 0.296, both P＜0.05). The Tei index was positively correlated with Ep,augmentation index (AI) and PWVβ(γ=0.278, 0.300 and 0.323, P＜0.05-0.01). There was no significant correlation between EF and arterial stiffness. Conclusions The arterial stiffness and damage of heart function can result from hypertension. The arterial stiffness can be one of monitoring indexes for the heart function damage in early time.     

应用超声检查评价高血压患者血管僵硬度与心功能的关系

Objective To assess the relationship between arterial stiffness and heart function in patients with hypertension using ultrasonography. Methods A total of 167 patients with hypertension and 165 controls were enrolled, and the parameters of arterial stiffness and heart function were measured and calculated. The results were analyzed and compared. Results The ratio of peak early-diastolic mitral orifice flow velocity and peak early-diastolic mitral annular velocity in left ventricular posterior wall (E/e), and Tei index were significantly higher in hypertension group than in controls(E/e: 10.92±3.14 vs. 7.70 ±1.56, Teiindex: 0.58±0.13 vs. 0.45±0.09, both P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference in ejection fraction (EF) between the two groups. In hypertension group, the parameters of arterial stiffness including β value, pressure-strain elastic modulus (Ep), pulse wave velocity (PWVβ) and arterial compliance were 11.0±5.2, (172.6±83.8)kPa, (7.8±1.6) m/s and (0.6±0.2) mm2/ kPa. In control group, the corresponding data were 7.5±3.0, (97.1±45.4) kPa, (5.9±1.3) m/s and (0.8±0.3) mm2/kPa. There were significant differences between the two groups (all P＜0.05). The E/e was positively correlated with Ep and PWVβ(γ=0.316 and 0.296, both P＜0.05). The Tei index was positively correlated with Ep,augmentation index (AI) and PWVβ(γ=0.278, 0.300 and 0.323, P＜0.05-0.01). There was no significant correlation between EF and arterial stiffness. Conclusions The arterial stiffness and damage of heart function can result from hypertension. The arterial stiffness can be one of monitoring indexes for the heart function damage in early time.     

老年高脂血症患者他汀相关肌病的多模态超声特征分析

目的:探讨老年高脂血症他汀相关肌病患者的多模态超声表现特征,为无创定量评估他汀肌病新方法提供依据。方法:选择我院就诊高脂血症老年他汀肌病患者20例(他汀肌病组)、服用他汀类药物未出现他汀肌病老年患者20例(他汀无肌病组)、与上述两组年龄性别相匹配的健康志愿者20例(对照组)。应用二维超声、剪切波弹性成像技术及超微血管成...     

彩色多普勒超声检查在老年人大肠癌诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声检查对老年人大肠癌诊断的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析经彩色多普勒超声诊断为大肠癌的93例老年患者的临床资料。结果彩色多普勒超声检查定性诊断与病理符合89例(95.7%),定位诊断与病理符合85例(91.4%),瘤体内部均显示粗细不等的动脉血流信号(检出率100%),同时,彩色多普勒超声检查对腹腔淋巴结的转移、肝转移、肿瘤侵及周围组织、腹水等做出诊断,符合率分别为91.3%、100%、83.3%、87.5%。结论彩色多普勒超声检查对老年人大肠癌是一种无创、有效的检查方法,它不仅可以显示瘤体的部位、大小、内部血流信息,而且可以显示肠壁及肠外的转移情况,可作为老年人大肠癌筛查的首选方法,为其诊治提供了更可靠的依据,具有重要的临床意义。     

彩色多普勒血流显像诊断原发性下肢深静脉瓣功能不全的价值

目的　探讨彩色多普勒血流显像 (CDFI)判断原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全 (PDVI)及其程度的应用价值。方法　应用CDFI检查了 3 7例PDVI患者 (5 7条腿 )和 3 0例对照组 (60条腿 )的下肢股静脉和月国静脉最大返流时间(RT) ,以逆行深静脉造影的四级分类法将PDVI分为 1、2、3、4共四级。结果　①正常对照组静脉瓣返流时间RT =0 .2 1± 0 .14s ;②病变组各级静脉瓣返流时间分别为 :1级 (3 0条腿 )RT =1.42± 0 .2 4s ;2级 (15条腿 )RT =2 .49± 0 .3 4s ;3级(10条腿 )RT =3 .75± 0 .5 2s ;4级 (2条腿 )RT =6.2 8± 0 .18s ;病变组与正常对照组及病变组各级之间RT比较 ,均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。③RT (95 % )正常参考上限值为 0 .48s ,以RT 0 .5s作为判断生理性与病理性深静脉瓣膜返流的界限值 ,则其灵敏度为 93 % ,特异度为 77% ,阳性预期值为 88% ,阴性预期值为 85 %。结论　CDFI可判断下肢深静脉瓣膜返流及其程度 ,对临床诊断和治疗方案的选择有实用价值     

三维能量多普勒与彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉狭窄诊断的对比研究

目的 比较三维能量多普勒超声(3D-PDI)与二维彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)在颈动脉狭窄诊断中的应用,探讨3D-PDI在颈动脉狭窄中的诊断价值.方法 49例经CDFI诊断为颈动脉狭窄的患者,进行自由臂模式3D-PDI,测量血管内斑块及动脉狭窄的情况,并于1周内进行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,同时与CDFI比较.结果 3D-PDI可直观显示狭窄区的立体形状,包括斑块数量、狭窄部位、血管腔大小及血流空间走行等征象.3D-PDI与CDFI测量颈动脉内径狭窄率比较,差异无统计学意义[(52.0±0.9)%对(51.7±0.8)%,P＞0.0s];3D-PDI测量的颈动脉面积狭窄率与CDFI面积狭窄率比较,差异有统计学意义[(58.0±0.2)%对(52.0±0.5)%,P＜0.01].狭窄分级中,CDFI、3D-PDI诊断颈动脉轻度、中度和重度狭窄比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).3D-PDI与DSA诊断颈动脉狭窄程度结果差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.0538,P＞0.05))3D-PDI与CDFI对颈动脉分叉处的斑块数量检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 3D-PDI检测颈动脉狭窄、斑块的准确性优于CDFI,能为颈动脉狭窄的诊断及治疗提供更丰富的信息.     

二维斑点追踪评价肥厚型心肌病左室心内外膜下心肌的旋转

目的应用二维斑点追踪技术评价肥厚型心肌病患者左室扭转、心内膜及心外膜下心肌旋转,并进一步探讨不同肥厚类型对左室扭转的影响。方法采集65例肥厚型心肌病患者与30例对照组左室基底、心尖水平的图像,根据肥厚部位将HCM组分为室间隔肥厚组(IHCM),心尖肥厚型心肌病组(AHCM),室间隔及心尖均肥厚型组(IAHCM)。应用二维斑点追踪技术测量左室心内、外膜下心肌峰值旋转角度,并计算出左室整体扭转。结果 1IHCM组在基底部心内、外膜下心肌峰值旋转角度、整体旋转角度均高于对照组(P<0.05),心尖部心内外膜峰值旋转差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2IAHCM组在基底部和心尖部心内、外膜下心肌峰值旋转角度、整体旋转角度均高于对照组(P<0.05)。3AHCM组心尖部心内、外膜下心肌峰值旋转角度、整体旋转均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),基底部无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论二维斑点追踪技术可较好地评价不同类型肥厚型心肌病心内、外膜下心肌的旋转。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度关系及强化控制的影响

目的探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)之间的关系及强化控制对血Hcy和IMT的影响。方法应用酶联免疫法测定161例2型糖尿病患者及127名正常对照者的血浆Hcy水平,对糖尿病组给予降糖、降压及调脂治疗随访12个月,检测治疗前后颈动脉IMT、Hcy,分析血浆Hcy水平与IMT之间的关系及强化控制后二者的变化。结果(1)糖尿病组血浆Hcy水平高于正常对照组[(11.9±6.5)μmol/Lvs(9.0±4.9)μmol/L,P<0.01];糖尿病组高Hcy血症(Hcy>15μmol/L)的患病率为36.0%,对照组高Hcy血症的患病率为9.4%(P<0.01)。(2)糖尿病组中的高Hcy组随访12个月后其IMT为(1.01±0.32)mm,而正常Hcy组IMT为(0.83±0.19)mm(P<0.01)。(3)COX回归分析显示,高Hcy血症是2型糖尿病患者IMT增厚的危险因素(P<0.01,OR=1.079,95%CI为1.033~1.127)。结论高Hcy血症可能是2型糖尿病合并早期动脉粥样硬化的危险因素之一。     

甲烯四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与糖尿病大血管病变的关系研究

目的探讨甲烯四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T位碱基突变与2型糖尿病患者同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平和糖尿病大血管病变的关系。方法将患者分为对照组、糖尿病颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)正常组、糖尿病IMT增厚组。应用酶联免疫法测定Hcy水平,采用多聚酶链反应-限制性内切酶片段长度多态性技术(PCR-RFLP)检测MTHFRC677T基因型,用高分辨彩色多普勒检查颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)。结果糖尿病IMT增厚组MTHFR基因的TT基因型和T等位基因频率显著增高,与糖尿病IMT正常组及对照组存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。对照组与糖尿病IMT正常组之间T等位基因频率无统计学差异。MTHFR基因突变者血浆Hcy增高。糖尿病组MTHFR基因突变者IMT值明显高于无基因突变者。结论糖尿病IMT增厚组T等位基因频率增高。MTHFR基因C677T点突变组血浆Hcy水平升高,颈动脉IMT增厚。推测MTHFR基因C677T点突变可能是糖尿病合并大血管病变发病的重要遗传因素。     

三维超声成像判断老年人膀胱癌浸润程度及分期

目的探讨三维超声成像及三维超声断层显像技术在判断老年人膀胱癌浸润程度及分期中的应用价值。方法对42例老年膀胱癌患者采用三维超声检查,判断膀胱癌的浸润程度及其分期。结果三维超声提示:膀胱癌T1期24例,癌灶局限于膀胱黏膜层;T2期6例,癌灶侵犯膀胱壁浅层,但未突破深肌层;T3期5例,癌灶突破膀胱壁全层;T4期7例,癌灶侵犯到周围组织。病理证实膀胱癌T1期21例,T2期9例,T3期5例,T4期7例。以术后病理结果为金标准,三维超声判断膀胱癌浸润程度的准确性为85.7%。结论三维超声成像结合断层显像技术可以无创判断膀胱癌的浸润程度和分期。