SOX6 represses tumor growth of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by HMG domain-dependent regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Sex-determining region Y box (SOXs) are expressed in various cells and control cell fate and differentiation in a multitude of physiologic processes. SOX6, a main representative of SOXs, is involved in the regulation of carcinogenesis in various human malignancies. However, the role of SOX6 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. In this study, SOX6 expression in ccRCC and its clinical significance were investigated. In vitro and in vivo assays were used to explore the tumor-related function and the underlying molecular mechanism of SOX6 in ccRCC. We confirmed that SOX6 was frequently downregulated in ccRCC tissues and cell lines. Besides, downregulation of SOX6 was significantly associated with larger tumor sizes, advanced tumor stage, higher Fuhrman grades, and its expression could act as an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC (hazards ratio = 0.590, P = .026). Gain/loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that SOX6 could remarkably inhibit tumor cell growth and foci formation in vitro and xenograft tumorigenesis in vivo, respectively. Mechanistically, SOX6 could influence cell cycle by regulating the G1/the S phase transition and had an inhibitory effect on Wnt/β-catenin signaling as well as its target genes, c-Myc and cyclin D1. Interesting, the tumor-suppressive function of SOX6 was proved to be dependent on its specific high-mobility-group (HMG) domain. In general, our findings indicated that SOX6 was a novel tumor suppressor and prognostic biomarker in ccRCC. SOX6 could inhibit tumor growth by negatively regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in an HMG domain-dependent manner in ccRCC, which might provide a novel therapeutic approach for ccRCC.     

清热化瘀汤对急性脑出血患者血清hs-CRP、血浆S100β蛋白和NSE的影响

目的:探究清热化瘀汤联合依达拉奉对急性脑出血患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血浆S100β蛋白和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的影响。方法:选择2017年5月—2019年5月在我院神经内科就诊符合纳入标准的80例急性脑出血患者,随机分为联合组(40例)和依达拉奉组(40例),两组均给予基础治疗和依达拉奉静脉滴注治疗,联合组则在此基础上加用清热化瘀汤。观察并比较两组的临床疗效、神经功能缺损程度评分(NIHSS)、格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、hs-CRP、S100β蛋白和NSE水平及脑血肿量。结果:联合组的总有效率为95%(38/40),显著高于依达拉奉组的总有效率75%(30/40)(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组NIHSS评分降低,GCS评分升高,且联合组NIHSS评分明显低于依达拉奉组(P<0.05),GCS评分高于依达拉奉组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组hs-CRP、S100β蛋白和NSE水平及均脑血肿量均低于治疗前,且联合组hs-CRP、S100β蛋白和NSE水平及脑血肿量明显低于依达拉奉组(P<0.05)。结论:清热化瘀汤联合依达拉奉对急性脑出血患者具有良好的疗效,可显著改善其神经缺损,降低hs-CRP、S100β蛋白和NSE水平及脑血肿量。     

基于PI3K/AKT信号通路的谷红注射液抗H9c2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的机制研究

目的基于PI3K/AKT信号通路,探讨谷红注射液(guhong injection,GHI)对H9c2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧(H/R)损伤的保护作用。方法培养H9c2心肌细胞,CCK-8比色法筛选GHI实验剂量。将细胞随机分为8组:正常组、模型组、GHI低、中、高剂量组(30、60和90μL·mL^-1)、阳性药组(维拉帕米注射液7.5μL·mL^-1)、GHI+LY294002(PI3K抑制剂)组和LY294002组。除正常组外,其他组均建立缺氧4 h复氧16 h的H/R损伤模型。ELISA检测各组细胞内肌酸激酶同工酶(CKMB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,Western blot法检测各组细胞内p-PI3K、PI3K、p-AKT、AKT及GSK-3β蛋白表达水平。结果与模型组相比,各给药组LDH、CK-MB均降低(P<0.05),MDA降低(P<0.01)、SOD升高(P<0.01)。p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT及GSK-3β蛋白表达水平均升高(P<0.01)。给予LY294002后,与模型组相比,LDH、CK-MB、MDA及SOD无显著性差异,p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT及GSK-3β蛋白表达水平均降低(P<0.01)。结论GHI可以明显减轻H/R对H9c2心肌细胞造成的损伤,表现出抗氧化应激与抗凋亡的作用,其作用机制可能与PI3K/AKT信号通路有关。     

HSP90β干扰和过表达慢病毒载体的构建及其在骨肉瘤细胞Saos-2中的表达

目的:获得热休克蛋白90β(HSP90β)基因干扰和过表达慢病毒表达系统，并检测其在人骨肉瘤细胞株Saos-2中的表达水平。方法:设计合成shRNA，以慢病毒表达质粒构建HSP90β干扰和过表达载体，酶切电泳、测序技术鉴定载体构建是否成功。重组病毒转染H1299细胞，以嘌呤霉素筛选稳定转染的Saos-2细胞，通过荧光显微镜观察计数获得转染效率。将感染好的细胞分为干扰NC组（NEG-shRNA）、干扰组（shRNA-HSP90β）、过表达NC对照组（NEG-pEZ）及过表达组（pEZ-HSP90β）。通过qRT-PCR 与Western blotting 分别从mRNA 和蛋白表达水平验证目的基因的干扰和过表达水平。结果:插入慢病毒表达载体的基因片段与目的基因的碱基序列完全一致。病毒包装成功后，嘌呤霉素最小致死浓度1 μg/ml，感染复数200，感染人Saos-2的感染效率达80%，其中shRNA-HSP90β组干扰效率为86.35%，pEZ-HSP90β组的mRNA相对表达量增加2.8倍。进一步研究发现，shRNA-HSP90β组较NEG-shRNA组中HSP90β蛋白表达明显降低，pEZ-HSP90β组较NEG-pEZ组HSP90β蛋白表达增加。结论:HSP90β基因干扰和过表达慢病毒载体构建成功，并能够在Saos-2中稳定表达。     

益气养阴解毒方联合环磷腺苷葡胺注射液治疗病毒性心肌炎35例

目的:探讨益气养阴解毒方联合环磷腺苷葡胺注射液对病毒性心肌炎患者心功能及外周血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)和干扰素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)水平的影响。方法:将70例病毒性心肌炎患者按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组,每组各35例。两组患者均给予常规治疗,对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予环磷腺苷葡胺注射液静脉滴注,观察组在对照组的基础上联合益气养阴解毒方治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效及治疗前后左室短轴缩短分数(left ventricular shortening fraction,LVFS)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、心脏指数(cardiac index,CI)、TNF-α、TGF-β1和IFN-γ水平。结果:观察组有效率为88.57%,对照组有效率为68.57%,两组患者有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后LVEF、LVFS高于本组治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后TGF-β1、TNF-α水平低于治疗前比较,IFN-γ高于治疗前,且观察组TGF-β1、TNF-α低于对照组,IFN-γ高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:益气养阴解毒方联合环磷腺苷葡胺注射液治疗病毒性心肌炎疗效更显著,可减轻机体的炎症反应,恢复患者心功能。     

The key role of macrophage depolarization in the treatment of COPD with ergosterol both in vitro and in vivo

Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the lung, which play an important role in COPD. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation of ergosterol are well documented. However, the effect of ergosterol on macrophage polarization has not been studied. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of ergosterol on macrophage polarization in CSE-induced RAW264.7 cells and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats COPD model. Our results demonstrate that CSE-induced macrophages tend to the M1 polarization via increasing ROS, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as increasing MMP-9 to destroy the lung construction in both RAW264.7 cells and SD rats. However, treatment of RAW264.7 cells and SD rats with ergosterol inhibited CSE-induced inflammatory by decreasing ROS, IL-6 and TNF-α, and increasing IL-10 and TGF-β, shuffling the dynamic polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2 both in vitro and in vivo. Ergosterol also decreased the expression of M1 marker CD40, while increased that of M2 marker CD163. Moreover, ergosterol improved the lung characters in rats by decreasing MMP-9. Furthermore, ergosterol elevated HDAC3 activation and suppressed P300/CBP and PCAF activation as well as acetyl NF-κB/p65 and IKKβ, demonstrating that HDAC3 deacetylation was involved in the effect of ergosterol on macrophage polarization. These results also provide a proof in immunoregulation of ergosterol for therapeutic effects of cultured C. sinensis on COPD patients.