鸦胆子油软胶囊联合SOX方案治疗晚期结直肠癌的临床研究

目的研究鸦胆子油软胶囊联合SOX方案(奥沙利铂+替吉奥)治疗晚期结直肠癌的临床疗效。方法选取2018年8月-2019年8月在郑州大学附属洛阳中心医院治疗的80例晚期结直肠癌患者,所有患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各40例。对照组患者入院后给予SOX方案治疗,第1~14天给予注射用奥沙利铂,推荐剂量130 mg/m^2,溶于500 mL 5%葡萄糖溶液中,输注时间小于3h;第1~21天口服替吉奥胶囊,1粒/次,2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服鸦胆子油软胶囊,4粒/次,3次/d。21 d为1个治疗疗程,两组患者接受治疗3个疗程。观察两组的临床疗效,比较Karnofsky(KPS)评分、生活质量(QOL)评分及血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2和MMP-9水平。结果经过治疗后,治疗组客观缓解率(ORR)和疾病控制率(CBR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者KPS评分和QOL评分显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗组KPS评分和QOL评分升高程度较大(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组CEA、MMP-2和MMP-9水平显著降低(P<0.05);并且治疗组降低较多(P<0.05)。治疗组胃肠道反应、血小板减少、白细胞减少和转氨酶升高等不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论鸦胆子油软胶囊联合SOX方案治疗晚期结直肠癌具有较好的治疗效果,能够提高患者生活质量,降低肿瘤标志物水平,安全性较高,值得在临床上推广应用。     

碘对比剂引起急性肾损伤的相关危险因素分析

目的探讨不同程度碘对比剂后急性肾损伤的危险因素及其转归预后。方法筛选2016年4月1日至2019年8月31日于重庆医科大学附属第三医院住院期间发生碘对比剂后急性肾损伤(PC-AKI)的患者,按照急性肾损伤分层标准将其分为非严重损伤组(A组)和严重损伤组(B组),从基本人口学资料、基础疾病、药物使用情况、转归预后等方面分析两组患者的特点及差异。结果 1 920例患者中发生PC-AKI者90例,其中A组72例(80.00%),B组18例(20.00%),B组中最终需肾脏替代治疗(血液透析)干预者11例(12.22%)。A组与B组间一般情况、基础肾功能、碘对比剂的使用以及联用肾毒性药物、静脉水化量等观察指标无统计学差异。B组合并慢性疾病者更多,其中冠心病(55.56%vs 29.17%)、心肌梗死(27.78%vs 5.56%)患病率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),行血液透析的患者第一诊断为心肌梗死者占45.45%。65.85%的患者在使用对比剂后10 d内肌酐仍高于基线,54.54%的透析患者在出院时仍需透析治疗,81.81%的透析患者出院时死亡或放弃治疗。结论合并冠心病、心肌梗死的患者更容易发生严重PC-AKI,当合并这些疾病的患者使用碘对比剂时,临床医师应密切关注其肾功能的变化。PC-AKI的肾功转归较差,发生PC-AKI后需透析治疗的患者往往预后不良。     

Rare patients in routine care: Treatment and outcome in advanced papillary renal cell carcinoma in the prospective German clinical RCC-Registry

Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma is a very rare malignancy that includes several histological subtypes. Each subtype may need to be addressed separately regarding prognosis and treatment; however, no Phase III clinical trial data exist. Thus, treatment recommendations for patients with non-clear cell metastatic RCC (mRCC) remain unclear. We present first prospective data on choice of first- and second-line treatment in routine practice and outcome of patients with papillary mRCC. From the prospective German clinical cohort study (RCC-Registry), 99 patients with papillary mRCC treated with systemic first-line therapy between December 2007 and May 2017 were included. Prospectively enrolled patients who had started first-line treatment until May 15, 2016, were included into the outcome analyses (n = 82). Treatment was similar to therapies used for clear cell mRCC and consisted of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors and recently checkpoint inhibitors. Median progression-free survival from start of first-line treatment was 5.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1–9.2) and median overall survival was 12.0 months (95% CI, 8.1–20.0). At data cutoff, 73% of the patients died, 6% were still observed, 12% were lost to follow-up, and 9% were alive at the end of the individual 3-year observation period. Despite the lack of prospective Phase III evidence in patients with papillary mRCC, our real-world data reveal effectiveness of systemic clear cell mRCC therapy in papillary mRCC. The prognosis seems to be inferior for papillary compared to clear cell mRCC. Further studies are needed to identify drivers of effectiveness of systemic therapy for papillary mRCC.     

基于文献分析多囊卵巢综合征的中医证型分布及用药规律

目的:通过文献探析中医治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的证型分布及临床用药规律。方法:检索2003年至2018年1月1日中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方、维普3个中文数据库中相关中医治疗PCOS的临床研究文献,建立中医治疗PCOS的整体证型及临床用药数据库,并对数据进行处理、分析。结果:①共纳入符合标准的文献252篇,方剂284首;②涉及证型共37种,其中常见证型为肾虚血瘀证、痰湿证、肾虚痰瘀证,共占43.31%;③涉及病位要素以肾为主,其次为肝、脾;涉及病性要素以血瘀、痰、湿为主;④涉及药物193味,按功效共分为16类,补虚药占41.44%,活血化瘀药占16.20%,化痰祛湿药占14.90%;⑤中医治疗PCOS药性以温、平为主,药味以甘为主,辛、苦次之。结论:PCOS病因病机复杂,以肾虚为本,血瘀、痰湿为标,治疗以补肾活血、化湿祛痰为主。     

参附注射液对猪创伤性心脏骤停复苏后肾损伤的保护作用研究

目的探讨参附注射液对猪创伤性心脏骤停复苏后肾损伤的保护作用。方法国产健康雄性白猪21头,采用随机数字表法分为假手术组(Sham组,n=5)、创伤性心脏骤停复苏(TCA组,n=9)和参附组(SFI组,n=7)。Sham组只经历气管插管及动静脉置管,不经历放血、复苏等过程。TCA组匀速释放总血容量的40%,然后经电刺激法室颤5 min,心肺复苏5 min后常规液体复苏治疗。SFI组在TCA组基础上于复苏后5 min进行参附注射液的干预。于放血前10 min、复苏后1、3、6、24 h检测血清TNF-α、IL-6、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)水平。复苏后24 h经右侧耳缘静脉注射10%氯化钾液20 mL处死猪,迅速获取肾组织标本,应用原位末端标记法(TNUEL法)检测细胞凋亡情况,免疫组织化学法检测半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的蛋白表达水平。结果TCA组中有8头猪复苏成功,SFI组和Sham组中所有猪复苏成功。与Sham组比较,TCA组血清Cr水平在复苏后24 h、BUN水平在复苏后1、3、6、24 h均明显增高(均P<0.05),TNF-α、IL-6水平在复苏后3、6、24 h明显增高(均P<0.05),复苏后24 h后肾组织细胞凋亡指数及Caspase-3表达增加(均P<0.05)。与TCA组比较,SFI组BUN水平复苏后3、6 h明显降低(均P<0.05),TNF-α、IL-6水平在复苏后3、6、24 h明显降低(均P<0.05),肾组织细胞凋亡指数和Caspase-3蛋白表达有所降低,但差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论在猪TCA复苏模型中,早期应用参附注射液能够明显减轻复苏后肾损伤。其机制可能与抑制系统炎症反应、减轻细胞凋亡有关。     

综合疗法治疗4~5期慢性肾脏病31例临床观察

目的:观察综合疗法治疗慢性肾脏病(CKD)4~5期脾肾亏虚证的效果。方法:将CKD4~5期脾肾亏虚证患者62例随机分为2组,其中治疗组31例,对照组30例(剔除1例)。对照组予基础治疗合中药、骨化三醇及碳酸钙D3片治疗,治疗组予基础治疗合中药、骨化三醇及益肾泄浊汤保留灌肠治疗,观察时间为4周。比较2组血肌酐(Scr)、肾小球滤过率(e GFR)、尿素氮(BUN)、血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状旁腺激素(i PTH)及中医证候疗效。结果:中医证候总有效率治疗组为83.87%(26/31),对照组为73.33%(22/30),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组Scr、e GFR、BUN、血磷治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05);2组血钙、i PTH、ALP治疗前后组内比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),但治疗后组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:综合疗法治疗慢性肾脏病4~5期脾肾亏虚证效果确切,安全可靠。     

从脾论治慢性肾脏病的生物学基础探讨

脾为后天之源,肾为先天之本,以后天滋先天,使从脾论治成为中医临床治疗慢性肾脏病(CKD)的经典方法。现代医学研究发现人体内最庞大的“器官”——肠道菌群与“脾”的功能非常密切。目前研究发现肠道菌群紊乱是加速CKD进展的重要环节,基于脾肾互根互用的中医原理,收集、整理肠道菌群与CKD代谢功能、免疫应答及肾脏损伤关联的文献,从肠道菌群与机体功能代谢和内环境稳态的角度进行探讨,认识到运用中医药可通过干预肠道菌群的丰度、结构和代谢功能,维持肠道微生态的平衡,从而达到调节肾脏代谢和免疫应答的作用,提出肠道菌群是从脾论治慢性肾脏病的重要生物学基础。     

基于肾络理论浅析慢性肾脏病的辨证施治

慢性肾脏病是指肾脏结构、功能障碍超过3 个月，可有蛋白尿、血尿、水肿、肾功能减退等诸多表现，属于临床难治性疾病范畴，最终往往进展至终末期肾病。而从中医肾络理论出发，肾络网络分布于肾脏，是肾之气血津液运行输布的重要通道，由于六淫外邪、瘀血、痰饮、浊毒等致病因素侵袭肾络，久病入络，致使络道气机郁滞、血行不畅，脏腑功能紊乱，从而引起尿浊、尿血、水肿、癃闭等诸多病变。“肾络瘀阻”是肾络病发生的核心病机，久之肾络渐损，即可进一步进展为“溺毒”“关格”等肾功能衰竭的病理阶段。基于肾络理论，运用中医药疗法对慢性肾脏病辨证施治，可有效减轻肾络病症，改善肾功能，从而控制疾病进展。     

益肾通督电针疗法对女性创伤后应激障碍的临床观察

目的观察益肾通督电针疗法对于女性创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的临床疗效。方法将65例女性PTSD患者随机分为电针治疗组和单纯西药对照组连续治疗2个月,在治疗前、后分别对患者的症状自评量表(SCL-90)、雌二醇、皮质醇等水平进行测定。结果治疗前、后评分总体上组间效应不显著(P <0. 05)、但电针组在SCL-90躯体化症状、焦虑评分较单纯西药对照组有明显改善(P <0. 05)。结论益肾通督电针疗法治疗女性PTSD患者的总体疗效与单纯西药对照组疗效大致相仿,电针疗法对于改善患者临床常见症状疗效确切且副作用小,价格相对低廉,患者依从性较好。     

Management recommendations for patients with chronic kidney disease during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic

COVID-19 has become a pandemic and it has already spread to at least 171 countries/regions. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem with a total of approximately 850 million patients with CKD worldwide and 119.5 million in China. Severe COVID-19 infection may damage the kidney and cause acute tubular necrosis, leading to proteinuria, hematuria and elevated serum creatinine. Since the SARS-CoV-2 enters the cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, some doctors question its ability to increase the risk and severity of developing COVID-19. Neither clinical data nor basic scientific evidence supports this assumption. Therefore, patients who take angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker are not advised to change their therapy. Patients with CKD are generally the elderly population suffering from multiple comorbidities. Moreover, some patients with CKD might need to take glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants. Dialysis patients are recurrently exposed to a possible contaminated environment because their routine treatment usually requires three dialysis sessions per week. Considering all the above reasons, patients with CKD are more vulnerable to COVID-19 than the general population. The development of COVID-19 may worsen the impaired kidney function and further lead to rapid deterioration of kidney function and even death. Strict comprehensive protocols should be followed to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among patients with CKD. In this review, we provide some practical management recommendations for health care providers, patients with CKD, dialysis patients and dialysis facilities.