Routine Laboratory Testing Every 4 Versus Every 6 Weeks for Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Quality Improvement Project

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Tacrolimus overexposure in kidney transplant recipients during the first post‐operative week: caution is required in older patients

In liver transplantation, tacrolimus trough concentrations (Cmin) above 20 ng/mL during the first days led to worse outcome at 1 year but data in the kidney transplant (KT) era are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of tacrolimus overexposure during the first week post‐transplantation on the kidney function (KF) of KT recipients. In this retrospective study, 105 KT recipients were attributed to overexposure group (OG) or normal group according to their Cmin during the first week of treatment. KF was evaluated by comparing the rate of delayed graft function (DGF) and by collecting plasma creatinine from day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21, 28 and at 1 year. Risk factors for developing DGF were also investigated using a multivariate model. DGF was more frequent in OG (43% of patients; P = 0.027) which has higher plasma creatinine on day 7, 14, and 21. OG patients were older with more extended criteria donor's grafts. In the multivariate analysis, only cold ischemia time (CIT) remained associated with DGF (OR = 1.003), while TAC overexposure did not reach significance (P = 0.06; OR = 3.9). In this study, we confirmed the predominant role of CIT as a risk factor for the onset of DGF in kidney transplantation. 43% of KT recipients were overexposed with more DGF, especially older patients.     

益肠通秘汤联合中药热奄包治疗老年脾肾阳虚型慢性便秘效果观察

目的探讨益肠通秘汤联合中药热奄包治疗老年脾肾阳虚型慢性便秘的临床疗效。方法选取2016年4月至2017年1月湖北省中医院肛肠科收治的60例老年脾肾阳虚型慢性便秘患者作为研究对象,并按照随机数表法随机分为试验组(30例)与对照组(30例),其中试验组患者在口服益肠通秘汤的同时采用中药热奄包热敷治疗,对照组患者单纯口服乳果糖口服溶液治疗,对比观察两组患者的腹胀、排便时间、排便顺畅度、便后不尽感等变化情况以及临床疗效与复发情况。结果治疗14 d后,两组患者腹胀、排便时间、排便顺畅度及便后不尽感较治疗前均明显改善,且尤以试验组改善最为显著,两组患者腹胀、排便时间、排便顺畅度及便后不尽感评分分别与治疗前对比,P均0.05,差异具有统计学意义;治疗14 d后,两组患者腹胀及便后不尽感评分对比,P均0.05,差异具有统计学意义;治疗14 d后,两组患者排便时间及排便顺畅度评分对比,P均0.05,差异无统计学意义;治疗14 d后,试验组患者中痊愈17例、显效6例、有效4例、无效3例、总有效率为90. 00%,对照组患者中痊愈9例、显效8例、有效3例、无效10例、总有效率为66.67%,两组对比,P0.05,差异具有统计学意义;治疗后6个月随访,试验组17例痊愈患者中复发4例,对照组9例痊愈患者中复发6例。结论益肠通秘汤联合中药热奄包治疗老年脾肾阳虚型慢性便秘,可有效缓解患者腹胀不适、排便时间延长、排便费力及便后不尽感等临床症状,疗效显著,且复发率较低,值得临床推广应用。     

叶进教授从乙癸同源辨治女童青春期疾病经验撷要

乙癸同源又称"肝肾同源"，作为中医五行学说的重要组成部分，历来受到医家重视，在发展完善的过程中被用来治疗诸多病证。叶进教授作为江苏省中医院儿科生长发育专科创始人，在诊治儿童青春期内分泌疾病方面有着丰富的临床经验，临证发现小儿青春期相关疾病从"乙癸同源"角度进行辨治可以取得满意疗效。     

Renal cell carcinoma staging: pitfalls,challenges, and updates

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is unusual among cancers in that it often grows as a spherical, well‐circumscribed mass. Increasing tumour size influences the pathological pT stage category within pT1 and pT2, with cutoffs of 40, 70 and 100 mm; however, with increasing size also comes a sharp increase in the likelihood of renal sinus or renal vein tributary invasion, such that clear cell RCC rarely reaches 70 mm without invading one of these. To clarify some previous challenges in assigning tumour stage, the American Joint Committee on Cancer 2016 tumor–node–metastasis classification has removed the requirements than vein invasion be recognised grossly and that vein walls contain muscle for the diagnosis of vein invasion. Renal pelvis invasion has also been added as an additional route to pT3a. Multinodularity or finger‐like extensions from a renal mass should be viewed with great suspicion for the possibility of vein or renal sinus invasion, and, as tumour size increases to over 40–50 mm, thorough sampling of the renal sinus interface should always be undertaken. With increasing interest in adjuvant therapy in renal cancer, the pathologist's role in RCC staging will continue to be an important prognostic parameter and a tool for selection of patients for enrolment in clinical trials.     

带教通科临床药师学习慢性肾脏病的教学实践

目的：提高通科临床药师学习慢性肾脏病的培训质量。方法：总结临床经验，优化带教模式。结果：带教药师紧扣大纲要求，了解学员基础与需求，制订个体化教学计划；组织组内学习，开展药物知识和临床指南讲课、教学查房与问诊；作业书写与临床实践并重。结论：带教老师引导学员快速有效地掌握慢性肾脏病一体化治疗和肾衰药物剂量调整的原则与操作，紧扣临床思维和实践技能的培养，为学员以后的临床工作奠定基础。