高效液相色谱法测定克拉维丁搽剂中醋酸地塞米松含量

目的测定克拉维丁搽剂中醋酸地塞米松的含量。方法用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为C18柱(150 mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸(80200.5);检测波长为240nm;进样量20μl;柱温30℃;流速1ml/min。结果醋酸地塞米松在2.00~64.00μg/ml范围内线性关系良好,Y=0.405 2 X+0.804 2(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为99.3%,RSD=0.93%(n=9)。结论该法便捷,重现性好,适用于克拉维丁搽剂中醋酸地塞米松的含量测定。     

地塞米松增强L02细胞P-糖蛋白的表达作用机制的初步研究

目的 探讨地塞米松对人正常肝细胞株L02细胞P-糖蛋白(P-gp)表达的影响,以及磷酸肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)途径在调控P-gp表达中的作用.方法 采用Western blot检测体外培养L02细胞P-gp与Akt的表达水平,比较经地塞米松、PI3K/Akt酶抑制剂LY294002及两者联合处理24 h前后L02细胞P-gp表达水平的变化及地塞米松处理24 h前后L02细胞Akt表达水平的差异,分析L02细胞P-gp表达与PI3K/Akt表达之间的关系.结果 10 μmol/L地塞米松刺激24 h后L02细胞P-gp及Akt表达水平较刺激前分别显著增加60.8％ (P =0.026 7)和25.0％ (P =0.035 8);L02细胞中P-gp表达水平与Akt表达水平之间呈显著正相关(Pearson系数=0.87,P＜0.01);LY294002(20 μmol/L)处理组L02细胞P-gp表达水平较对照组(未处理组)显著降低33.8％ (P =0.018 4);地塞米松单独处理组和地塞米松与LY294002联合处理组L02细胞P-gp表达水平分别是对照组的(163.5±18.4)％和(130.1±22.0)％,两者间相差显著(P =0.031 3).结论 地塞米松可能通过激活PI3 K/Akt途径诱导L02细胞P-gp增强表达.     

Genistein attenuates glucocorticoid-induced bone deleterious effects through regulation Eph/ephrin expression in aged mice

Objective: This study was performed to investigate bone deteriorations and the involvement of skeletal Eph/ephrin signaling pathway of GIOP aged mice in response to the treatment of genistein. Methods: The biomarkers in serum and urine were measured, tibias were taken for the measurement on gene and protein expression and histomorphology analysis, and femurs were taken for the measurement on bone Ca and three-dimensional architecture of trabecular bone. Results: Genistein showed a greater increase in bone Ca, BMD and significantly increased FGF-23 and OCN, reduced TRACP-5b, PTH and CTX in GIOP mice. Genistein reversed DXM-induced trabecular deleterious effects and stimulated bone remodeling. The treatment of DXM group with genistein significantly elevated the ratio of OPG/RANKL. Moreover, genistein administration down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of Eph A2 and ephrin A2 in tibia of the GIOP mice. In contrast, the mRNA and protein expression of Eph B4 and ephrin B2 were increased in mice treated by DXM with genistein as compared to the DXM single treatment. Conclusions: DXM-induced trabecular bone micro-structure deterioration in aged mice was involved in the regulation of the Eph receptors and ephrin ligands. Genistein might represent a therapy with bone-forming as well as an anti-resorptive activity in GIOP mice. The underlying mechanism was mediated, at least partially, through regulation Eph/ephrin signaling.     

Steroid-based treatments for patients with total sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Conclusions: In patients with total sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), oral prednisone (OP) alone or intratympanic dexamethasone (ITD) alone have comparable results. The addition of salvage ITD following OP does not seem to add over either single modality treatment. Objectives: To study the effect of steroid-based treatments in patients with total SSNHL. Methods: The medical charts of 59 patients with total loss of hearing, defined as pure tone thresholds in the profound range (> 90 dB) with an unobtainable speech reception threshold (SRT) that were treated with OP (n = 20), ITD (n = 13), or OP followed by salvage ITD (n = 26) were analyzed. Response to treatment was evaluated by means of pure tone thresholds, SRT, and speech discrimination score (SDS), immediately after treatment and on a follow-up visit. Results: Forty-nine patients (83%) responded to treatment, with mean significant improvements of 36, 34, 31, and 25 dB at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, respectively. The mean improvement in SRT was 33 dB, and SDS improved by 32%. There were no differences in improvement in pure tone thresholds and SRT among the three treatment groups. The late effect of OP was similar to the effect of salvage ITD.     

Normal lung growth following antenatal dexamethasone treatment for respiratory distress syndrome

Antenatal steroid therapy reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants. However, animal studies showed a decrease in lung cell number and lower lung weights in fetal rabbits exposed to hydrocortisone. This prompted us to measure flows and lung volumes (by spirometry and helium-dilution method) in children greater than 6 years who were part of a study by the Collaborative Group on Antenatal Steroid Therapy. The effect of antenatal steroids on subsequent pulmonary function had not previously been studied. Of the 158 children originally enrolled before birth, a total of 8 dexamethasone (DEX)- and 11 placebo-treated children were still local residents and fulfilled the criteria of the study (gestational age, 28-34 weeks; DEX/placebo treatment 1-7 days before delivery). Mean heights and weights were normal with no significant differences between the groups. Pulmonary function tests showed no differences in lung volumes or expiratory flows between the children whose mothers had received antenatal DEX and those who had received placebo. These results indicate no adverse effect of antenatal DEX on subsequent lung volumes and expiratory flows in childhood.     

A retrospective analysis of the risk factors for allergic reactions induced by the administration of oxaliplatin

This study retrospectively investigated the clinical features and risk factors of allergic reactions induced by oxaliplatin administration. This study investigated the incidence of allergic reactions and analysed the background and laboratory data in patients with colorectal cancer treated with oxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy at Kyushu Medical Center between April 2012 and September 2012. A total of 62 patients were included in this study. The number of patients in the allergic and non‐allergic groups was 7 and 55 respectively. The incidence of allergic reactions was 11.3%. We compared the patients' characteristics and laboratory data between the two groups and found that the average dose of dexamethasone in the allergic group was significantly lower than that observed in the non‐allergic group (P = 0.0111). Furthermore, the incidence of allergic reactions in the group that received prophylaxis of less than 12 mg of dexamethasone was significantly higher than that observed in the group that received more than 12 mg of dexamethasone (P = 0.0103). In conclusion, a lower dexamethasone dose is a possible risk factor for allergic reactions induced by the administration of oxaliplatin; however, given the retrospective design used in this study, further validation of this finding is warranted.     

Treatment strategies for central nervous system infections: an update

Introduction: Central nervous system infection continues to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Our incomplete knowledge on the pathogenesis of how meningitis-causing pathogens cause CNS infection and emergence of antimicrobial resistance has contributed to the mortality and morbidity. An early empiric antibiotic treatment is critical for the management of patients with bacterial meningitis, but early recognition of bacterial meningitis continues to be a challenge.

Areas covered: This review gives an overview on current therapeutic strategies for CNS infection with a focus on recent literature since 2010 on bacterial meningitis. Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency, requiring early recognition and treatment. The selection of appropriate empiric antimicrobial regimen, after incorporating the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis, impact of vaccination, emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, role of adjunctive therapy and the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of meningitis and associated neuronal injury are covered.

Expert opinion: Prompt treatment of bacterial meningitis with an appropriate antibiotic is essential. Optimal antimicrobial treatment of bacterial meningitis requires bactericidal agents able to penetrate the blood–brain barrier, with efficacy in cerebrospinal fluid. Emergence of CNS-infecting pathogens with resistance to conventional antibiotics has been increasingly recognized, but development of new antibiotics has been limited. More complete understanding of the microbial and host factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis and associated neurologic sequelae is likely to help in developing new strategies for the prevention and therapy of bacterial meningitis.     

吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂、地塞米松治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤

目的：观察吉西他滨（Gem）、奥沙利铂（L-OHP）、地塞米松（DXM）的组合方案（GEMOX）治疗复发或难治性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的疗效及毒副反应。方法：22例复发性或难治性非霍奇金淋巴瘤,均接受过至少一种方案化疗,采用 GEMOX 方案：吉西他滨1000mg/m2静滴 d1,d8,奥沙利铂135mg/m2,静滴 d1,地塞米松20mg 静滴 d1-3,21天为一周期。至少治疗两个周期。结果：完全缓解（CR）4例（18.2%）,部分缓解（PR）10例（45.5%）,稳定（SD）5例（22.7%）,进展（PD）3例（13.6%）。总缓解率（CR+PR）（63.6%）。结论：GEMOX 方案治疗复发难治性非霍奇金淋巴瘤近期疗效满意,值得进一步研究。     

甲泼尼龙联合地塞米松治疗中枢神经系统脱髓鞘临床疗效探讨

目的：分析甲泼尼龙冲击联合鞘内注射地塞米松(DXM)治疗中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病的临床疗效。方法整群收集该院2012年5月—2014年2月期间诊治的86例中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病患者作为研究对象,随机分为试验组（44例）与对照组（42例）,对照组患者给予甲泼尼龙冲击治疗,试验组患者在对照组的基础上联合鞘内注射地塞米松治疗,观察患者的整体治疗效果、神经功能缺损程度改善情况、脑脊液(CSF)中蛋白含量及细胞学动态变化。结果试验组总体治疗效果明显优于对照组(P＜0.05),神经功能缺损程度改善情况明显优于对照组(P＜0.05),同时,试验组脑脊液细胞学检查免疫活性细胞及蛋白含量恢复正常时间明显短于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论甲泼尼龙冲击联合鞘内注射地塞米松(DXM)治疗中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病具有良好的临床疗效,能有效减轻患者的神经功能缺损,提高整体治疗效果,并缩短脊液细胞学检查免疫活性细胞及蛋白含量恢复正常时间。