职业兴趣调查表的编制

目的：编制一套适用于我国的职业兴趣量表。方法：以Ｈｏｌａｎｄ理论为框架,在职业、工作活动、娱乐活动和自我评价四个方面收集了符合我国文化与职业分类情况的项目２６８条。在长沙地区５所高校１７个系２８个专业的３～４年级大学生取样１２７０人。结果：用因素分析的方法在职业、工作活动和自我评价三个方面内容中得到了符合Ｈｏｌａｎｄ理论的ＲＩＡＳＥＣ因素结构。建立了区域性大学生男、女均数常模和Ｔ分常模,量表的信度和效度符合测量学要求。结论：所制定的量表达到了心理测量学要求。     

Shared Interest Groups (SHIGs) in Low-Income Independent Living Facilities

Abstract

This paper describes a novel shared-interest group intervention program to promote socialization and enhance self-efficacy in a sample of 276 older adults who resided in several low-income senior independent living settings. Shared interest groups were initiated and informally evaluated. They were very well received by residents overall, and suggest their value for reducing loneliness and promoting satisfying relationships. Specific recommendations are provided to help initiate such groups in other residential settings.     

论兴趣的可塑性与大学创新教育

培养创造性人才，是知识经济时代高等院校的特殊使命。创造性人才的培养依靠的是创新教育。培养兴趣是实施创新教育过程中的一个重要环节。作者首次提出前志趣和兴趣的可塑性等概念，从而对兴趣发展理论作了必要的补充，并进一步结合我国高等教育的现状，论证了在当前，认识兴趣的可塑性对实施大学创新教育具有重要意义。     

医学大学生学习兴趣的调查与分析

文章通过对医科大学生学习兴趣的调查与分析，以便更好地在教育教学中培养和激发学生的学习兴趣，从而为深高等医学教育改革，不断提高教学质量，为社会培养更多具有创造性高层次医学人才。     

conference report: Mental health and intellectual disability: an international perspective

The present paper reports on the inaugural meeting of the Mental Health Special Interest Research Group (SIRG) of the International Association for the Scientific study of Intellectual disability which was held at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, UK, in March 1998. The meeting was organized in conjunction with the Ninth Annual SIRG on ageing and intellectual disability. Representatives from North America, several European and Scandinavian countries, Australia, and Israel attended. Two broad themes had been determined prior to the meeting: ‘Improving the detection of mental health problems’ and ‘Research strategies for identifying risk factors for mental health problems’. In the presentations and subsequent discussions, it was apparent that there were extrenely diverse perspectives both across and within the different countries represented. Not only were individuals' experiences very different, but most strikingly, the theoretical frameworks were very diverse. This was partly a function of there being understandable differences in perspectives across disciplines, but at its most marked, there were fundamental differences in the way both intellectual disability and mental health were conceptualized.     

Determinants of interest rates on tax-exempt hospital bonds

The aim of this paper is to examine the determinants of interest rates on tax-exempt hospital bonds. The results highlight the potential and actual roles of Federal and state policy in the determination of these rates. The shift to a Prospective Payment System under Medicare has subsidized the borrowing costs of some hospitals at the expense of others. The selection of underwriters by negotiation rather than by competitive bidding results in higher interest rates. The Federal tax act of 1986 raised the cost of hospital debt by encouraging bond issues to contain call features.     

医学教育临床实践管理中的伦理和法律问题

临床教学见习、实习是医学生培养的重要环节,但并非患者诊断治疗所必须;为了充分保护患者的隐私权、知情同意权及医疗安全,开展临床教学实践要取得患者的同意。带教教师要对医学生进行监督指导,对患者造成损害要承担相应的责任。     

Efficacy and Safety of On-Demand Use of 2 Treatments Designed for Different Etiologies of Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder: 3 Randomized Clinical Trials

Background

In women, low sexual desire and/or sexual arousal can lead to sexual dissatisfaction and emotional distress, collectively defined as female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD). Few pharmaceutical treatment options are currently available.

The Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Sildenafil after Single Administration of a Sublingual Testosterone and Oral Sildenafil Combination Tablet in Healthy Female Subjects

IntroductionFemale sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD) affects many women worldwide, but pharmacological treatment options are scarce. A new medicine being developed for FSIAD is an on-demand, dual-route, dual-release drug combination product containing 0.5 mg testosterone (T) and 50 mg sildenafil (S), referred to here as T+S.AimThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of a fed and a fasted state on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil following administration of T+S.MethodsEighteen healthy women were administered T+S under fed and fasted conditions during 2 separate overnight visits in this randomized, open-label, balanced, 2-period, 2-treatment, 2-sequence crossover study.Main Outcome MeasuresThe pharmacokinetics of sildenafil and its active metabolite N-desmethyl sildenafil were determined over a 24-hour period. Total testosterone was assessed only at a limited number of time points for quality purposes, as sublingual uptake is not expected to be affected by food intake.ResultsThe observed geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% confidence intervals of sildenafil were not all contained within the prespecified bounds (0.80, 1.25). The GMR (90% CI) for plasma AUC_0–last was 1.2753 (0.9706–1.6755); for AUC_0–14h, it was 1.7521 (1.0819–2.8374); and for C_max, it was 1.5591 (0.8634–2.8153). Only lower limits of the CIs fell within the bounds. For N-desmethyl sildenafil, the GMR (90% CI) for AUC_0–last was 0.8437 (0.6738–1.0564); for AUC_0–10h, it was 1.0847 (0.7648–1.5383); and for C_max, it was 1.0083 (0.6638–1.5318). Only the GMRs were contained within bounds. No differences were observed between plasma testosterone C_max and T_max under fed and fasted conditions, which is in line with expectations for a sublingual administration.Clinical ImplicationsThe T+S combination tablet ruptures too late when taken in a fasted state and should therefore not be taken on an empty stomach.Strengths & LimitationsThis is a well-controlled study that provides important insights into the performance characteristics of the delayed-release coating of the combination tablet. The higher variability of the pharmacokinetic parameters in the fasted state was caused by severely delayed rupture in one-third of the women. A reason for this is proposed but the present data do not explain this phenomenon.ConclusionThe pharmacokinetics of sildenafil from this modified-release tablet are more robust under fed conditions as compared to the artificial fasted condition where no food is consumed 10 hours prior to and 4 hours after dosing. The dosing situation under the tested fasting condition does not represent the expected common use of this product. Patients should, however, be instructed not to take the tablet on an empty stomach.Bloemers J, Gerritsen J, van Rooij K, et al. The Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Sildenafil After Single Administration of a Sublingual Testosterone and Oral Sildenafil Combination Tablet in Healthy Female Subjects. J Sex Med 2019; 19:1433–1443.     

Partners Experience Consequences,Too: A Comparison of the Sexual,Relational, and Psychological Adjustment of Women with Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder and Their Partners to Control Couples

Introduction

Women diagnosed with female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD) report lower health-related quality of life, more depressive symptoms, and lower sexual and relationship satisfaction compared with healthy control subjects. Despite the impact of FSIAD on women’s sexuality and the inherently interpersonal nature of the sexual problem, it remains unclear whether the partners of women with FSIAD also face negative consequences, as seen in other sexual dysfunctions.