积雪草酸对高糖培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞氧化应激及细胞外基质分泌的影响

目的 探讨积雪草酸对高糖培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞氧化应激及细胞外基质分泌的影响.方法 体外培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞,分为高糖组(A组)、高糖加积雪草酸干预组(B组)、正常对照组(C组).培养1周、2周、3周后,分光光度计比色法检测细胞培养液上清液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量,ELISA法检测培养液上清液中转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、纤连蛋白(FN)、Ⅳ型胶原(Col-Ⅳ)的含量.结果 与C组相比,A组细胞上清液SOD活力下降,MDA含量增加,且随时间延长变化越明显(P＜0.05);细胞上清液中TGF-β1、FN、Col-Ⅳ分泌量均增加,并且FN分泌量随时间延长变化越明显(P＜0.05).与A组相比,B组细胞上清液SOD活力增加,MDA含量下降,TGF-β1、FN、Col-Ⅳ分泌量减少(P＜0.05).结论 积雪草酸可以缓解高糖诱导的系膜细胞氧化应激损伤以及减少细胞外基质的分泌,对糖尿病肾病大鼠起肾保护作用.     

鼻泪管逆行植入球头硅胶管并下泪小管义管植入治疗泪道阻塞

目的:鼻泪管义管植入并下泪小管义管植入治疗泪道阻塞的临床观察。方法:泪道阻塞患者50例60只眼,应用鼻泪管逆行植入球头硅胶管并下泪小管义管植入术治疗,对术后疗效进行分析。结果:术后47只眼泪道通畅,无泪溢,9只眼泪道欠通畅,泪溢好转,总有效率达93%。结论:逆行植入球头硅胶管并下泪小管义管植入术治疗泪道阻塞具有创伤小、手术简便的优点,可以有效的治疗泪道阻塞。     

1型糖尿病预测及预防研究新进展

1 型糖尿病(T1DM) 是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病,暂无有效的治愈方法。在临床诊断前数个月甚至数年可在 患者外周血中检测到胰岛自身抗体,使得T1DM 的预测和预防成为可能。文章就近几年在T1DM 的预测及预防方 面的最新进展进行概述。     

米格列奈对比阿卡波糖治疗2型糖尿病有效性和安全性的多中心、开放、随机对照临床研究

目的比较阿卡波糖和米格列奈治疗T2DM的有效性和安全性。方法在该项多中心、开放、随机对照研究中,T2DM病程5年以下的患者被随机分为米格列奈组或阿卡波糖组,分别接受米格列奈钙片治疗10mg/次或阿卡波糖片治疗50 mg/次,3次/d,疗程均为12周。观察12周后HbA_1c、FBG、餐后血糖(PBG)的变化,以及安全性。结果本研究共入组患者248例,可进行疗效评价分析237例,其中米格列奈组118例,阿卡波糖组119例。治疗后,两组HbA_1c、FBG、PBG水平与基线比较均降低(P0.0001)。12周时,HbA_1c治疗前后下降值,米格列奈组(1.27±1.04)%,阿卡波糖组(1.00±1.30)%,两组差值(0.27±1.19)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗8周,米格列奈组FBG下降(1.31±1.29)mmol/L,阿卡波糖组(0.86±1.68)mmol/L,两组差值(0.45±1.51)mmol/L,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗12周,FBG和PBG下降值两组相当(P0.05)。阿卡波糖组不良事件发生率为14.66%,米格列奈组为6.54%(P=0.0508);阿卡波糖组腹胀发生率高于米格列奈组(P=0.0055)。结论米格列奈和阿卡波糖均有降低HbA_1c、FBG及PBG的作用,且疗效相当,米格列奈较阿卡波糖有较少的胃肠道反应。     

糖尿病大鼠尿nephrin的检测及意义

目的:建立糖尿病大鼠模型,探讨糖尿病大鼠尿中nephrin的检测、动态变化及意义。方法:SD大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素制成糖尿病模型,正常对照组注射等量枸橼酸缓冲液,动态检测各组大鼠24 h尿微量白蛋白及肾功能,以Western-Blot方法动态检测尿中nephrin。结果:正常大鼠尿中无nephrin排泄,而糖尿病大鼠尿中可检测出nephrin,诱模早期(2周)即可出现,随着病程的延长,nephrin逐渐增多,8周达高峰后,nephrin的排泄又逐渐减少。结论:糖尿病肾病早期nephrin即可从尿中排泄,尿nephrin可作为糖尿病肾病的早期诊断指标之一,还将有助于监测、判断糖尿病肾病的病程进展。     

3D printing-assisted percutaneous balloon dilatation plasty for treatment of osteoporotic calcaneal fractures of Sanders type Ⅱ or Ⅲ in the elderly patients北大核心CSCD

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy between 3D printing-assisted percutaneous balloon dilatation calcaneal plasty (3D-PCP) and conventional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) via the extended lateral L-shaped approach in the treatment of osteoporotic calcaneal fractures of Sanders type Ⅱ or Ⅲ in the elderly patients. Methods Retrospectively analyzed were the data of 36 elderly patients with osteoporotic calcaneal fracture of Sanders type Ⅱ or Ⅲ who had been surgically treated at Department of Orthopaedics, Yixing People's Hospital from June 2012 to June 2018. According to their treatment methods, the patients were divided into a 3D-PCP group [16 cases, 9 males and 7 females with an age of (73.0 ± 3.4) years] and an ORIF group [20 cases, 8 females and 12 females with an age of (71.4 ± 2.6) years]. The 2 groups were compared in terms of hospital stay, operation time, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, suture removal time, weight bearing time, fracture healing time, visual analogue scale (VAS) for the surgical site 2 days and one year after surgery, American Foot and Ankle Surgery Association (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, calcaneal imaging parameters (Böhler angle, Gissane angle, and length, width and height of the calcaneus axis) at 2 days and one year after surgery, and postoperative complications. Results There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability (P > 0.05). All patients were followed up for 14 to 18 months (mean, 15.6 months). Compared with the ORIF group, the 3D-PCP group had significantly shorter hospital stay, significantly shorter operation time, significantly earlier suture removal, significantly earlier weight-bearing, significantly lower VAS scores at 2 days after surgery, significantly higher AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores at one month after surgery, but significantly more times of intraoperative fluoroscopy (all P < 0.05). In all patients, the VAS scores at 2 days after surgery were significantly lower than those before surgery, and those at one year after surgery significantly lower than those at 2 days after surgery (P < 0.05). In all patients, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores at one month after surgery were significantly higher than those before surgery (P < 0.001). In the ORIF group, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores at one year after surgery were significantly higher than those at one month after surgery (P < 0.05), but in the 3D-PCP group there was no such a significant difference between one year and one month after surgery (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS score, AOFAS score, fracture healing time or postoperative imaging parameters between the 2 groups at one year after surgery (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference either in the incidence of complications between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of osteoporotic calcaneal fractures of Sanders type Ⅱ or Ⅲ in the elderly patients, compared with conventional ORIF, 3D-PCP shows advantages of shorter operation time, minimal invasion, quicker incision healing, shorter hospital stay, earlier weight-bearing exercise, and better functional recovery but a disadvantage of increased times of intraoperative fluoroscopy. © 2022 Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. All rights reserved.