氧化低密度脂蛋白对巨噬细胞的作用及机制

目的 观察氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL)对巨噬细胞增殖和分泌巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子(MMIF/MIF)的作用.方法 (1)制备人单核细胞来源巨噬细胞(MDMs),25、50和75 mg/L浓度oxLDL培养12、24、48 h后,细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)法检测细胞增殖,酶联免疫吸附法测定上清MIF浓度;不含oxLDL培养为正常对照(NC)组.(2)制备含稳转核因子-κB (NF-κB)-LUC质粒的MDMs,同法培养,荧光素酶底物(Luciferase)检测细胞NF-κB通路活性.(3)含NF-κB-LUC质粒的MDMs中加入终质量浓度为0、10 μmol/L的NF-κB通路抑制剂BAY 11-7082,同法培养并检测上清MIF浓度.结果 (1)与NC组比较,25、50、75 mg/L oxLDL组12 h时MDMs增殖显著升高,48 h时分别达到17.7％、27.8％和41.2％ (P ＜0.01);其上清液MIF也在12h起升高,48 h时分别是NC组的1.49、1.67和2.09倍(P＜0.01).(2)与NC组比较,oxLDL各组在12h即可检测到NF-κB通路明显激活,24h时MDMs内NF-κB通路活性分别增加38.1％、60.3％和61.1％ (P＜0.01).(3)加入BAY11-7082后,各组上清液MIF浓度在12 h即出现明显下降,48 h时分别下降58.6％、69.3％、69.7％和73.5％ (P＜0.01).结论 25 ～ 75 mg/L浓度的oxLDL可促进MDMs增殖和MIF的分泌,其作用随oxLDL作用时间的延长和浓度的增高而增强.oxLDL可能通过诱导激活NF-κB信号通路促进MDMs合成分泌MIF.     

Effects of gametogenetin-binding protein 2 on proliferation,invasion and migration of prostate cancer PC-3 cells

We aimed to assess the effects of gametogenetin-binding protein 2 (GGNBP2) on the proliferation, invasion and migration of prostate cancer PC-3 cells. PcDNA3-HisC-GGNBP2 was transfected to overexpress GGNBP2. Proliferation was tested by MTT assay, and migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay. Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of COX-2, cyclin D1, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt were detected by Western blot. A subcutaneous xenograft model of prostate cancer was established. Mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 9) and intratumorally injected with pcDNA3-HisC-GGNBP2, pcDNA3-HisC and normal saline respectively. The xenograft tumour volume was measured every 3 days, and weight was measured after 2 weeks. After GGNBP2 overexpression, the proliferation, migration and invasion capacities of PC-3 cells decreased, and cell cycle was arrested in the G1 phase. The protein expressions of COX-2, cyclin D1, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt all reduced. The tumour volume and weight of pcDNA3-HisC-GGNBP2 group were significantly lower than those of pcDNA3-HisC group (p < .05). The proliferation capacity of GGNBP2-overexpressing prostate cancer cells is significantly attenuated, tumour growth is significantly inhibited, and cell cycle is arrested in the G1 phase. GGNBP2 overexpression affects the growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.     

Source–receptor probability of atmospheric long‐distance dispersal of viruses to Israel from the eastern Mediterranean area

Viruses that affect the health of humans and farm animals can spread over long distances via atmospheric mechanisms. The phenomenon of atmospheric long‐distance dispersal (LDD ) is associated with severe consequences because it may introduce pathogens into new areas. The introduction of new pathogens to Israel was attributed to LDD events numerous times. This provided the motivation for this study which is aimed to identify all the locations in the eastern Mediterranean that may serve as sources for pathogen incursion into Israel via LDD . This aim was achieved by calculating source–receptor relationship probability maps. These maps describe the probability that an infected vector or viral aerosol, once airborne, will have an atmospheric route that can transport it to a distant location. The resultant probability maps demonstrate a seasonal tendency in the probability of specific areas to serve as sources for pathogen LDD into Israel. Specifically, Cyprus’ season is the summer; southern Turkey and the Greek islands of Crete, Karpathos and Rhodes are associated with spring and summer; lower Egypt and Jordan may serve as sources all year round, except the summer months. The method used in this study can easily be implemented to any other geographic region. The importance of this study is the ability to provide a climatologically valid and accurate risk assessment tool to support long‐term decisions regarding preparatory actions for future outbreaks long before a specific outbreak occurs.     

蒲公英甾醇调控膀胱癌T24 细胞迁移与侵袭能力的作用及机制研究

目的:探索蒲公英甾醇对膀胱癌T24细胞迁移与侵袭能力的作用及机制。方法:体外培养膀胱癌T24细胞,在其中加入不同浓度(10、20、40μg/mL)蒲公英甾醇进行干预。采用划痕实验和Transwell小室法分别观察膀胱癌细胞迁移能力及侵袭能力;Western blotting实验考察细胞中SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路相关蛋白的变化;ELISA试剂盒检测细胞上清中基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2/9的水平。结果:蒲公英甾醇可抑制膀胱癌T24细胞的迁移与侵袭能力(P<0.05,P<0.01),降低细胞分泌MMP-2及MMP-9的能力(均P<0.05,P<0.01)。同时蒲公英甾醇能有效抑制膀胱癌T24细胞内基质细胞衍生因子-1(SDF-1)、CXCR4、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)及磷酸化哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(p-mTOR)的表达水平(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:蒲公英甾醇通过干扰SDF-1/CXCR4信号通过,下调Akt/mTOR的传导,削弱了细胞分泌MMP-2及MMP-9的能力,从而有效抑制膀胱癌T24细胞的迁移与侵袭。     

Claudin-1蛋白在胃癌组织和细胞中的表达及促进其表达后对癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响

目的:研究紧密连接跨膜蛋白(Claudin-1)在胃癌组织中的表达及其对胃癌细胞生物学行为及裸鼠皮下成瘤能力的影响。方法:收集50例胃癌患者的癌组织及其癌旁组织,采用RT-qPCR和免疫组化检测Claudin-1的表达;RT-qPCR和Western Blot检测Claudin-1在人胃癌细胞株MKN45、SGC7901、MKN28及正常人永生化胃上皮细胞GES-1中的表达水平;通过慢病毒转染技术在人胃癌细胞株SGC7901中过表达Claudin-1,细胞分为Control组(未转染)、NC组(转染慢病毒载体)和Claudin-1组(转染Claudin-1过表达慢病毒);分别采用Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)、Transwell实验和划痕实验检测胃癌细胞的增殖、侵袭及迁移能力;采用Western Blot和免疫荧光实验检测Claudin-1对上皮间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)标志蛋白E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)和N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)的表达变化影响;10只4周龄雄性BALB/c裸鼠皮下注射Claudin-1过表达慢病毒处理的SGC7901细胞构建移植瘤模型,研究过表达Claudin-1对皮下移植瘤的影响;Kaplan-Meier网站在线分析Claudin-1对胃癌患者预后的影响。结果:免疫组化结果显示Claudin-1在胃癌组织中的表达水平显著低于癌旁组织(P<0.05);过表达Claudin-1能够显著抑制SGC7901细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力(P<0.05),同时增加E-cadherin的表达,降低N-cadherin的表达。裸鼠移植瘤模型内过表达Claudin-1能够明显抑制皮下移植瘤的生长(P<0.05)。Claudin-1高表达患者生存时间高于Claudin-1低表达患者。结论:Claudin-1在胃癌组织中低表达,过表达Claudin-1抑制胃癌细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移及EMT过程并抑制裸鼠皮下成瘤的能力,且Claudin-1高表达促进患者良好预后。     

沉默SDC1通过ERK信号通路促进胆囊癌细胞的侵袭和迁移

目的:观察沉默黏结蛋白聚糖1（syndecan-1,SDC1）对胆囊癌细胞侵袭和迁移能力的影响,并探讨其分子机制。方法:采用RNA干扰技术敲低胆囊癌细胞系GBC-SD中SDC1的表达,Western blot和qRT-PCR验证转染效果;Transwell侵袭实验、划痕愈合实验检测细胞侵袭和迁移能力;Western blot分析ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、Snail、E-cadherin和N-cadherin蛋白表达。结果:成功构建SDC1低表达的胆囊癌细胞系;转染后各组细胞SDC1 蛋白和mRNA表达水平显著低于shNC组（P＜0.05）;与BC组和NC组相比,shSDC1组细胞侵袭和迁移能力明显提高（P＜0.01）;与BC组和NC组相比,shSDC1组细胞p-ERK1/2、Snail、N-cadherin蛋白表达水平显著上调,而E-cadherin蛋白表达水平显著降低。结论:沉默SDC1可能通过ERK信号通路促进胆囊癌细胞的侵袭和迁移。     

miR-147a靶向MCM3抑制脉络膜黑色素瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭

目的:研究miR-147a对脉络膜黑色素瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响,并探究其作用机制。方法:采用脂质体转染人脉络膜黑色素瘤MUM-2B细胞,设置miR-NC、miR-147a mimics、inhibitor-NC、miR-147a inhibitor四组。采用EDU染色法检测细胞增殖;Transwell实验检测细胞迁移、侵袭;Targetscan生物信息学网站预测分析miR-147a下游靶基因;双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-147a是否靶向结合MCM3 mRNA 3' UTR区;蛋白质印迹法（Western Blot）检测靶基因MCM3蛋白表达。结果:过表达miR-147a可显著降低MUM-2B细胞的增殖数、迁移数和侵袭数,相反,敲减miR-147a提高细胞增殖数、迁移数和侵袭数。miR-147a直接靶向并负向调控MCM3蛋白表达。沉默MCM3可抑制MUM-2B细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。结论:miR-147a通过直接靶向MCM3抑制脉络膜黑色素瘤MUM-2B细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。miR-147a/MCM3轴可能是治疗脉络膜黑色素瘤的新靶标。     

miR-211通过靶向下调SATB2表达促进非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖、迁移与侵袭

目的:探讨miR-211及SATB2基因在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)组织和细胞中的表达情况,探究miR-211在NSCLC细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭过程中的作用及其相关机制。方法:双荧光素酶报告系统验证miR-211和SATB2的相互作用机制;qRT-PCR检测miR-211和SATB2在NSCLC组织及癌旁组织中的表达情况;向A549细胞中转染miR-211 mimics、miR-211 inhibitor和pcDNA3.1-SATB2,检验转染效率及转染后A549细胞中SATB2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平;采用CCK-8实验和Transwell小室分别检测miR-211和SATB2表达变化对A549细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响。结果:双荧光素酶报告系统结果提示SATB2 3' UTR是miR-211直接结合的靶位点。NSCLC组织中miR-211表达上调,SATB2表达下调,两者表达呈线性负相关(P＜0.05)。转染miR-211 mimics显著下调A549细胞中SATB2 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平(P＜0.05);转染miR-211 inhibitor和pcDNA3.1-SATB2使A549细胞中SATB2 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平增高(P＜0.05)。CCK-8实验显示,相较于对照组,miR-211过表达组的A549细胞增殖率显著增加(P＜0.05),miR-211抑制组和SATB2过表达组的A549细胞增殖能力下降(P＜0.05)。Transwell小室实验结果显示,与对照组相比,miR-211抑制组和SATB2过表达组的A549细胞迁移和侵袭能力明显降低(P＜0.05)。在miR-211过表达组共转染SATB2过表达,使miR-211介导的对A549细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的促进作用受到抑制。结论:下调miR-211的表达可以增加NSCLC细胞中SATB2转录及转录后表达水平,从而抑制肺癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力。