南蛇藤素对ApoE基因敲除小鼠主动脉壁MIF及MMP-9表达的影响

目的观察南蛇藤素对ApoE基因敲除小鼠在动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的早期阶段主动脉壁中巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(macrophage migration inhibitory factor,MIF)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)表达的影响。方法8周龄雄性ApoE基因敲除小鼠12只,按随机数字表法分为南蛇藤素干预组和对照组,每组6只,均给予高脂饮食饲养8周,在高脂饲养的后4周,分别予以2mg.kg-1.d-1南蛇藤素和相当剂量的溶剂二甲基亚砜(DMSO)腹腔注射,每日1次,连续用药4周;小鼠处死后行主动脉连续石蜡切片,HE染色观察组织形态学改变,测定ApoE基因敲除小鼠主动脉根部粥样斑块面积,同时采用免疫组化方法观察主动脉壁MIF和MMP-9蛋白表达的强度。结果图像分析测量结果显示对照组形成了早期斑块;南蛇藤素干预组斑块面积较对照组明显减小(P<0.01),斑块面积/动脉壁横切面积也明显降低(P<0.01);南蛇藤素干预组与对照组比较,MIF、MMP-9的表达均明显降低(P<0.01)。结论南蛇藤素可能通过下调ApoE基因敲除小鼠主动脉壁MIF、MMP-9表达,发...     

雷公藤红素抗神经退行性疾病研究概况

雷公藤红素为传统中药雷公藤的活性成分之一,临床上主要用于风湿类、肾炎、红斑狼疮、皮肤病变等疾病的治疗。近期研究发现,雷公藤红素在抗帕金森综合症、阿尔海默氏症、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症及亨廷顿病等方面同样具有很高的潜在药用价值,本文对近6年来雷公藤红素在抗神经退行性疾病方面的研究情况做一综述。     

大鼠血浆中雷公藤红素的HPLC法测定

建立了高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆中的雷公藤红素。大鼠尾静脉给药,血浆样品经乙酸乙酯萃取,以大黄素为内标,使用C_(18)色谱柱,以甲醇-10%乙酸(92:8)为流动相,检测波长425 nm。雷公藤红素在0.05～1.6μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好。大鼠尾静脉注射雷公藤红素(1 mg/kg)后的主要药动学参数为:c_(max)(0.48±0.11)μg/ml,t_(max)(5.0±0.0)min,AUC_(0-t)(23.45±1.01)μg·ml~(-1)·min。     

Antiangiogenic effect of celastrol on the growth of human glioma: an in vitro and in vivo study

Background Celastrol is a major active component of Tripterygium wilfordii named ＂Thunder God Vine＂, which is widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis in China. The present study aims to demonstrate that celastrol has potent anticancer activity against glioma in vitro and in vivo. Methods Proliferation, migration, and tube formation of ECV-304 cells were determined by MTT and matrigel assays. The antiangiogenesis effect of celastrol was assessed by the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay and the in vivo matrigel plug assay. Tumor microvessels （MVD） were determined immunohistochemically with anti-CD34 antibody. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） expression was defined as positive if distinct staining of the cytoplasm was observed in at least 10% of tumor cells at the deepest invasive site, central portion and superficial part of the tumor. MVD was estimated by averaging the counts of three times at a ×200 field in the most vascularized area of the deepest invasive site. Results Celastrol purified from T. wilfordiiinhibited the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells （ECV-304） with an IC50 value of 1.33 μg/ml. Celastrol, at the concentration of 0.2 μg/ml, significantly inhibited cell migration and tube formation. Celastrol inhibited angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo. Subcutaneous administration of celastrol 5 days a week for 4 consecutive weeks significantly reduced tumor volume in a dose-dependent manner in the SHG-44 xenograff model. Celastrol at each different dose level lowered the density of MVD significantly in tumor bearing nude mice compared to the control group. Immunohistochemistry experiments further revealed that celastrol also decreased the level of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 expression, but not the level of VEGF expression. Conclusions Celastrol elicits antiangiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo, and could be of potential use in the treatment of malignant cancers such as glioblastoma.     

雷公藤红素抗癌作用的研究进展

通过检索近年来与雷公藤红素相关的国内外文献,并对其进行分析、归纳、总结,从雷公藤红素的抗肿瘤作用机制及相关的靶点、通路等方面进行综述.1995年至今,多方面研究表明雷公藤红素有抗肿瘤作用,其作用机制包括诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、影响血管生成、影响肿瘤相关的蛋白、通过肿瘤坏死因子及核因子-κB信号通路、以细胞微管为靶点、调节热休克反应等等,但对其体内过程等方面的研究还很少.应进一步针对雷公藤红素体内作用进行研究,为其抗肿瘤作用的发挥奠定坚实的基础.     

Release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum and its subsequent influx into mitochondria trigger celastrol-induced paraptosis in cancer cells

Celastrol, a triterpene extracted from the Chinese “Thunder of God Vine”, is known to have anticancer activity, but its underlying mechanism is not completely understood. In this study, we show that celastrol kills several breast and colon cancer cell lines by induction of paraptosis, a cell death mode characterized by extensive vacuolization that arises via dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Celastrol treatment markedly increased mitochondrial Ca²⁺ levels and induced ER stress via proteasome inhibition in these cells. Both MCU (mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter) knockdown and pretreatment with ruthenium red, an inhibitor of MCU, inhibited celastrol-induced mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake, dilation of mitochondria/ER, accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins, and cell death in MDA-MB 435S cells. Inhibition of the IP₃ receptor (IP₃R) with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) also effectively blocked celastrol-induced mitochondrial Ca²⁺ accumulation and subsequent paraptotic events. Collectively, our results show that the IP₃R-mediated release of Ca²⁺ from the ER and its subsequent MCU-mediated influx into mitochondria critically contribute to celastrol-induced paraptosis in cancer cells.     

雷公藤红素新型衍生物体外抗肿瘤活性

目的探讨几种雷公藤红素新型衍生物的体外抗肿瘤活性。方法取对数生长期的大鼠肾上腺髓质嗜铬瘤分化细胞株PC12细胞以及大鼠神经胶质瘤C6细胞,加入雷公藤红素、雷公藤红素衍生物(Cel-1～Cel-13)及阳性对照药顺铂,48 h后,通过四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法,测定各化合物半数抑制浓度(IC50),用以观察雷公藤红素各衍生物对PC12细胞以及C6两种细胞株增殖的影响。结果雷公藤红素衍生物Cel-1、Cel-3、Cel-6和Cel-13对PC12细胞的IC50值分别为(1.6±0.3)、(2.2±0.3)、(1.3±0.3)和(2.4±0.1)μmol.L-1,明显小于母核雷公藤红素(3.2±0.4)μmol.L-1(P<0.05,P<0.01);Cel-1对C6细胞的IC50值为(0.6±0.2)μmol.L-1,明显小于母核雷公藤红素(1.5±0.3)μmol.L-1(P<0.05);而且Cel-1、Cel-3、Cel-6和Cel-13明显小于顺铂对PC12和C6的IC50[(11.6±0.8)、(59.0±4.0)μmol.L-1](P<0.01)。结论雷公藤红素新型衍生物中4个化合物有较好的体外抗肿瘤活性,比母体雷公藤红素活性强。     

青蒿精油作为纳米乳油相促进雷公藤红素透皮吸收的研究

目的 探究青蒿精油及其纳米乳对雷公藤红素体外透皮吸收的影响及促透机制。方法 首先建立雷公藤红素含量测定方法，其次制备以青蒿精油作为油相的纳米乳并表征，最后采用改良Franz扩散池法考察不同浓度青蒿精油及以青蒿精油作为纳米乳油相对雷公藤红素的促透效果，并用HE染色、差示扫描量热法探究促透机制。结果 雷公藤红素浓度在1.8~360 μg·mL^-1内线性关系良好，线性回归方程Y=16 494X–16 111(r=1.000)；精密度、稳定性的RSD<2%，平均加样回收率为99.26%，RSD为1.04%。雷公藤红素纳米乳平均粒径(19.93±0.19)nm，Zeta电位为(17.67±2.78)mV，多分散性指数为0.097。纳米乳、青蒿精油及含青蒿精油的纳米乳对雷公藤红素均有不同程度的促渗作用，对皮肤结构、相变温度均有不同程度改变。其中，含青蒿精油的纳米乳对雷公藤红素的促渗作用最强、对皮肤结构和相变温度影响最大。结论 青蒿精油及以青蒿精油作为纳米乳油相对雷公藤红素具有较好的促透作用，其促透机制与影响皮肤结构、改变热力学性质有关。     

雷公藤红素抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

雷公藤红素为卫矛科植物雷公藤的主要活性成分之一,是一种醌甲基三萜类化合物,外观呈红色针状结晶体,具有多种生物学活性。2015年,雷公藤红素被发现具有显著减肥的作用,从而引起了大量学者的兴趣。近年来,越来越多的研究表明其在抗肿瘤方面具有较明显的药理活性,可通过多种信号通路抑制乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌等。本文就近年来雷公藤红素的抗肿瘤作用及其作用机理展开叙述,旨在为雷公藤红素的深入研究提供新的思路。     

雷公藤红素联合用药对HepG2细胞增殖的抑制作用

研究雷公藤红素分别与甘草次酸、紫杉醇、大黄酸联合用药对人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的抑制作用。采用MTT法,测定并计算雷公藤红素分别与甘草次酸、紫杉醇、大黄酸联用后HepG2细胞的存活率,利用协同指数(CI)、金氏公式判定协同药效。同时检测细胞凋亡情况以及细胞周期阻滞情况。结果表明,单独应用雷公藤红素、甘草次酸、大黄酸、紫杉醇均可抑制HepG2细胞增殖;雷公藤红素分别与甘草次酸、紫杉醇、大黄酸联用,能显著增强雷公藤红素对HepG2细胞增殖抑制效果,联合用药在一定浓度范围内呈现良好协同作用;联合用药使HepG2细胞凋亡率显著提高(P<0.01),并使更多HepG2细胞阻滞于G2/M期。雷公藤红素与甘草次酸、紫杉醇、大黄酸联用对HepG2细胞的增殖具有良好的协同抑制效果,其与共同诱导凋亡及增加细胞G2/M期阻滞相关。