牙龈卟啉单胞菌FtsZ的C末端在FtsZ-FtsA相互作用中起着关键作用

目的：探讨牙龈卟啉单胞菌FtsZ与FtsA之间相互作用的功能区域。方法：通过缺失诱变法构建了C末端缺失变异型的PgFtsZ(ZΔC01，ZΔC02，ZΔC03)，并表达和纯化了这些蛋白质，同时进一步通过免疫印迹法来鉴定这些C末端缺失变异型的PgFtsZ。然后，通过overlay assay法，以牛血清白蛋白为阴性对照，检测了这些C末端缺失变异型及野生型PgFtsZ和PgFtsA相互作用的特性。结果：野生型PgFtsZ与PgFtsA表现出极强的结合特性，然而去除C末端的73个氨基酸残基的ZΔC01，则表现出极弱的结合特性，或者当进一步去除C末端的128和177个氨基酸残基的ZΔC02和ZΔC03，同ZΔC01一样也表现出与PgFtsA极弱的结合特性。结论：PgFtsZ和PgFtsA相互作用的功能区域位于PgFtsZ的C末端。     

利伐沙班与决奈达隆联用致消化道出血CSCD

A 78‑year‑old female patient with atrial fibrillation developed tarry stools after regularly taking dronedarone, metoprolol, and rivaroxaban for 3 months. The patient stopped using rivaroxaban by herself for 7 days, and her black stools was gradually improved. After taking rivaroxaban again for 1 month, black stools appeared again, accompanied by fatigue, dizziness, and amaurosis fugax. Her blood pressure was 90/50 mmHg, heart rate was 80 beats/min, and hemoglobin was 55 g/L. Rivaroxaban was discontinued again and supportive treatments such as soft food, acid suppression, fluid replacement, and blood transfusion were given. After 3 days of treatments, the symptoms of fatigue were improved significantly, and no amaurosis recurred when sitting up. Hemoglobin was 75 g/L. After 6 days of treatments, the patient discharged formed yellow soft stools. After excluding gastrointestinal tumors through gastroscopy and tumor marker examination, it was considered that the interaction of dronedarone and rivaroxaban caused the increase of rivaroxaban plasma concentration, which resulted in gastrointestinal bleeding in the patient. The patient′s anticoagulant medication was changed to dabigatran etexilate, and no gastrointestinal bleeding occurred. © 2023 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd. All rights reserved.     

鱼纲动物孔鳐血红蛋白自身不相互作用的研究及其进化意义

目的:研究一种软骨鱼系动物(孔鳐)自身血红蛋白成份的相互作用.方法:淀粉-琼脂糖混合凝胶交叉电泳.结果:孔鳐自身血红蛋白成份不相互作用.结论:本实验完善了研究室所作的"各种脊椎动物血红蛋白自身相互作用的系列研究".同前面所进行的各种脊椎动物血红蛋白分别与人血红蛋白、胎儿血红蛋白相互作用的研究对照比较,进一步验证脊椎动物血红蛋白与各种蛋白分子在电场中的相互作用的分水岭可能位于爬行纲动物,丰富了血红蛋白分子进化理论.     

偎脓长肉理论指导下药疮交互作用机制探讨

偎脓长肉是中医治疗疮面的特色外治理论之一。邪腐已去应用生肌类药物外敷疮面促使"脓"生,可保护疮面、促进愈合。中药偎出之脓属"津液"范畴,在药偎脓生过程中药物和疮面充分作用,药物有效成分主动促进疮面发生一系列的微环境改变。药物作用于疮面后,疮面产生脓,使得药物与疮面形成了温度、湿度适宜的微环境,有利于药物有效成分的释放及疮面对药物有效成分的主动摄取,并可能通过脓的化生作用改变药物性质,共同作用促进疮面主动愈合。     

Semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modelling of antibiotic drug combinations

BackgroundDeriving suitable dosing regimens for antibiotic combination therapy poses several challenges as the drug interaction can be highly complex, the traditional pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) index methodology cannot be applied straightforwardly, and exploring all possible dose combinations is unfeasible. Therefore, semi-mechanistic PKPD models developed based on in vitro single and combination experiments can be valuable to suggest suitable combination dosing regimens.AimsTo outline how the interaction between two antibiotics has been characterized in semi-mechanistic PKPD models. We also explain how such models can be applied to support dosing regimens and design future studies.SourcesPubMed search for published semi-mechanistic PKPD models of antibiotic drug combinations.ContentThirteen publications were identified where ten had applied subpopulation synergy to characterize the combined effect, i.e. independent killing rates for each drug and bacterial subpopulation. We report the various types of interaction functions that have been used to describe the combined drug effects and that characterized potential deviations from additivity under the PKPD model. Simulations from the models had commonly been performed to compare single versus combined dosing regimens and/or to propose improved dosing regimens.ImplicationsSemi-mechanistic PKPD models allow for integration of knowledge on the interaction between antibiotics for various PK and PD profiles, and can account for associated variability within the population as well as parameter uncertainty. Decisions on suitable combination regimens can thereby be facilitated. We find the application of semi-mechanistic PKPD models to be essential for efficient development of antibiotic combination regimens that optimize bacterial killing and/or suppress resistance development.     

Noxious family environments in relation to adult and childhood caries

BackgroundThe authors tested hypotheses that more noxious family environments are associated with poorer adult and child oral health.MethodsA community sample of married or cohabiting couples (N = 135) and their elementary school–aged children participated. Dental hygienists determined the number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces via oral examination. Subjective oral health impacts were measured by means of questionnaires completed by the parents and children. The parents completed questionnaires about interparental and parent-to-child physical aggression (for example, pushing) and emotional aggression (for example, derision), as well as harsh discipline. Observers rated the couples’ hostile behavior in laboratory interactions.ResultsThe extent of women's and men's caries experience was associated positively with their partners’ levels of overall noxious behavior toward them. The extent of children's caries experience was associated positively with the level of their mothers’ emotional aggression toward their partners.ConclusionsNoxious family environments may be implicated in compromised oral health. Future research that replicates and extends these findings can provide the foundation to translate them into preventive interventions.Practical ImplicationsNoxious family environments may help explain the limitations of routine oral health preventive strategies. Interprofessional strategies that also address the family environment ultimately may prove to be more effective than are single modality approaches.     

有关吸烟及围术期用药相互作用的护理思考

为保证病人在围术期用药的安全性,本文对吸烟和术前不同用药与麻醉药之间的不良反应和预防措施进行进行了回顾。     

Interactions between medications employed in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia and food − A short review

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common disease in elderly men. BPH symptoms include frequent urination, urgent tenesmus and urination at night, a weak and interrupted urine flow and a sense of incomplete emptying of the bladder. Alpha- 1 adrenergic receptor antagonists and 5 α-reductase inhibitors form the most important groups of medications employed in BPH. Appropriately managed BPH patients shall be subject to counselling on interactions between agents belonging to these groups, and on particular components of the food they have.The present review has been aimed at assessing potential effects of consumed food, alcohol and fruit juices on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medications for benign prostatic hyperplasia.The authors reviewed the English PubMed database covering the years 1991–2015. Additionally, a digital version of Stockley Drugs Interaction and other electronic databases such as drugs.com and Medscape were also researched; characterisation charts for particular medical products were also analyzed.Pharmacokinetics of extended-release forms of alfuzosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin and silodosin is well known to be food-sensitive. Alfuzosin, tamsulosin and silodosin due to their likely interaction with grapefruit juice and citrus fruits, may intensify adverse effects of the drugs. Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists are known to interact with alcohol, leading to orthostatic hypotension. For 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors, such as finasteride, or dutasteride, the pharmacokinetic effect due to consumed food is of no clinical importance and thus they may be taken regardless of meals.As in general grapefruit juice and alcohol tend to significantly affect the efficacy and safety of the applied drug therapy, it is highly advisable to be knowledgeable on the subject in order to educate patients.     

荧光光谱法研究卡洛磺钠与牛血清白蛋白相互作用特征

应用荧光光谱和紫外－可见吸收光谱研究了卡洛磺钠（CSS）与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）结合反应的光谱学特征。实验结果表明,在弱酸性条件下CSS对BSA的猝灭机理为动态猝灭,而在中性和弱碱性时则为静态猝灭;根据Fφrster非辐射能量转移理论计算出310K和pH＝7．40时CSS与BSA作用的结合距离为5．18 nm;通过计算热力学参数可知,药物与BSA的相互作用是自发过程,且二者之间的主要作用力类型为疏水作用力;此外用同步荧光光谱探讨了CSS对BSA构象的影响。研究还表明常见共存离子对结合反应有较显著的影响。